不同蕨类植物提取物乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性的评价

为对采自浙江天目山的40种蕨类植物乙醇提取物进行乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性研究。本文采用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性筛选模型。结果表明：在供试质量浓度在1mg／mL时,40种植物的乙醇提取物均具有明显的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,其中密羽贯众、野雉尾金粉蕨和狗脊等13种蕨类植物表现出较强的抑制活性,抑制率均大于90％,其余大部分植物的抑制率均大于60％。而在供试质量浓度在0．025mg／mL时,只有少数植物表现出较高的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,其中狭顶鳞毛蕨的抑制率为62．63％±3．72％,蜈松草的抑制率为48．01％±2．87％,其余大部分植物的抑制活性均小于40％,甚至有些植物提取物不仅对乙酰胆碱酯酶没有抑制活性,反而表现出一定的增强作用。     

马醉木二萜成分及其乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性研究

为研究马醉木叶中的二萜成分及其乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,该研究根据薄层色谱显色特征,使用硅胶、MCI和半制备高效液相等色谱技术对其进行分离与纯化,并通过波谱数据(NMR和MS)分析且结合文献报道数据进行对比,鉴定了所得化合物的结构,同时采用Ellman法首次对其乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性进行评价。结果表明：从马醉木叶中分离并鉴定了8个二萜化合物,分别是pierisformoside F (1)、3-epi-grayanotoxinⅩⅧ(2)、3-epi-grayanotoxin B (3)、asebotoxin-X (4)、pierisformosin B (5)、asebotoxinⅢ(6)、rhodojaponinⅢ(7)和pierisformosin C (8)。其中,化合物1为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物8表现出乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性。综上表明,马醉木中含有丰富的二萜成分和活性成分。该研究结果丰富了马醉木的化学成分多样性,为其后续综合开发和利用提供了一定的理论依据,也为寻求更多的活性成分提供了借鉴。     

具抗菌及乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性珊瑚真菌的筛选

为开发利用珊瑚真菌资源,以徐闻珊瑚保护区珊瑚样品中分离鉴定的43株海洋真菌为研究对象,采用双层平板法和Ellman法分别对其进行抗菌和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）抑制活性筛选。结果显示,43株菌株至少对一种指示菌有抑制作用,且有12株菌株对革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌均表现出不同程度的抗菌活性,抗菌谱较广;当浓度为1 mg/mL时,有8株菌株的发酵液提取物对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制率达到50%以上。其活性菌株中曲霉属(Aspergillus)为优势属。     

蛇足石杉内生真菌g5的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性初步研究

为了初步研究蛇足石杉内生真菌g5发酵产物的乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACHE)抑制动力学以及对该株真菌做初步形态学鉴定,采用DTNB显色法检测g5发酵液醇提物抑制AChE活性的效果,并采用玻片培养法进行真菌鉴定.结果发现g5菌株属于半知菌目丛梗孢科青霉属;其发酵液醇提物对AChE的抑制作用表现为混合竞争型可逆抑制,其对游离酶的抑制常数KI>与对酶底物络合物的抑制常数KIS>分别为0.0789mL和1.1352mL,因此g5菌株代谢产物可作为开发AChE抑制剂类药物的潜在资源.     

20种植物提取物抑制植物病原菌活性研究

以小麦纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia cerealis)、番茄灰霉病菌(Alternaria solani)这两种植物病原真菌为供试菌,对采自江西省吉安市的20种植物提取物的抑制菌丝生长活性及孢子萌发进行测定.结果表明,在供试质量浓度为1 mg/mL时,黄花草木樨乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分抑菌效果最好,对小麦纹枯病菌和番茄灰霉病菌两种菌的抑制率均达100%;窃衣、小白酒草、羊蹄和车前草的抑制作用次之,对两种菌的抑制率均大于80%;单从对一种病原菌的抑制作用看,还有黄荆对小麦纹枯病菌率为100%,空心莲子草、窃衣、小白酒草和鬼针草对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制率为100%,但是,这20种供试植物的石油醚相和水相萃取物对两种病原真菌的抑制效果均不强.抑制病原菌孢子萌发亦得到类似结果.以上结果提示植物抑菌活性成分主要存在于乙酸乙酯萃取部分,黄花草木樨、窃衣、小白酒草等的提取物作为植物源杀菌剂值得进一步研究.     

乙酰胆碱酯酶分子研究进展

乙酰胆碱酯酶是生物体内胆碱能神经传导中的一种关键酶,它能够快速水解神经递质乙酰胆碱,保证神经信号在生物体内正常传递。乙酰胆碱酯酶结构和催化功能研究一直是生命科学的重要课题,可为研制有针对性的新药和杀虫剂提供重要理论依据。我们简要介绍了乙酰胆碱酯酶的三维晶体结构、活性位点、高效催化机制及其应用。     

基于微量筛选模型的48种中草药提取物乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性筛选及评价

采用微量筛选模型考察48种中药提取物的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性。采用不同极性溶剂对中药材进行提取,采用微量筛选模型对不同浓度提取物的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性进行考察,并采用Origin8.0计算其IC50值。结果表明,几种中药材的不同极性溶剂(水、80%乙醇、乙酸乙酯、石油醚)提取物有不同程度的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性。其中黄柏、元胡的80%乙醇提取物,丹参的乙酸乙酯提取物的抑制率较高。当上述提取物在实验体系中的终浓度为76.92 mg/L时,抑制率分别为66.72±0.02%、52.67±0.04%、46.84±0.03%,其IC50值分别为295.12、229.09、1202.26 mg/L。本研究结果为从中草药中快速筛选乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂提供了方法和数据支持。     

四种杀虫剂对两种书虱羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用

选用有机磷类杀虫剂(敌敌畏、毒死蜱、对氧磷)和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂(丁硫克百威),通过生物测定(药膜法)和生化测定(比色法)比较了嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱对所选药剂的敏感差异性。根据LC50可知嗜虫书虱对所选药剂比嗜卷书虱敏感。离体酶活性分析结果显示嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱的羧酸酯酶只对敌敌畏敏感,且嗜卷书虱比嗜虫书虱更敏感;4种药剂对乙酰胆碱酯酶均有强烈的抑制作用,同样是嗜卷书虱比嗜虫书虱敏感。乙酰胆碱酯酶的动力学研究结果和离体酶活性测定相一致。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析显示,4种杀虫剂离体条件下对2种书虱的酯酶同工酶的抑制能力有明显差异,其中敌敌畏的抑制力最强;但对不同同功酶的抑制趋势(对大分子的抑制似乎较强)是一致的。酶的敏感性分析结果与生测结果比较表明,2种书虱的耐药力差异与其乙酰胆碱酯酶和酯酶对药剂的敏感性无关。如要弄清耐药力机制,需做进一步研究。     

3种植物乙醇提取物对南方根结线虫卵囊酯酶活力影响及其成分预分析

2000μg/ml合欢叶、黄花菊花和万寿菊叶乙醇提取物溶液处理根结线虫卵囊24h、48h和120h后,采用酶标仪分别对卵囊羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活力进行了测定。结果表明各处理对根结线虫卵囊羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性均有显著的抑制作用。与对照无菌水相比,合欢叶、黄花菊花和万寿菊叶乙醇提取物溶液处理卵囊120h后,卵囊羧酸酯酶活力抑制率分别为85.94%、86.16%和65.18%,乙酰胆碱酯酶活力抑制率分别为51.16%、46.51%和34.88%。并对3种植物乙醇提取物化学成分进行预分析。     

Alanine reverses the inhibitory effect of phenylalanine on acetylcholinesterase activity

The aim of this work was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of L-alanine (Ala) on suckling rat brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and on eel Electrophorus electricus pure AChE inhibited by L-phenylalanine (Phe) as well as to investigate whether Phe or Ala is a competitive inhibitor or an effector of the enzyme. AChE activity was determined in brain homogenates and in the pure enzyme after 1 h preincubation with 1.2 mM of Phe or Ala as well as with Phe plus Ala. The activity of the pure AChE was also determined using as a substrate different amounts of acetylthiocholine. Ala reversed completely the inhibited AChE by Phe (18-20% in 500-600 microM substrate, p<0.01). Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that Vmax remained unchanged. However, Km was found increased with Phe (150%, p<0.001), decreased with Ala alone (50%, p<0.001) and unaltered with Phe plus Ala. It is suggested that: a) Phe presents a competitive inhibitory action with the substrate whereas Ala a competitive activation; b) Ala competition with Phe might unbind the latter from AChE molecule inducing the enzyme stimulation; c) Ala might reverse the inhibitory effect of Phe on brain AChE in phenylketonuric patients, if these results are extended into the in vivo reality.     

Prospective acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of indole and its analogs

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity is one of the proposed targets for indole analogs. Simple indoles with substitution of methoxy, carboxy or hydroxy at the benzene ring showed a low percent of inhibitory activity in eel-AChE. Adding a side chain at the pyrrole ring, such as serotonin, β-carbolines and quinolines (the bioisostere of indole), improved the inhibitory activity significantly. However, proper substitution and conformation of the ring were required for good binding. The result of inhibition in human-AChE of serotonin, β-carbolines and quinolines showed similar profile as eel-AChE with lower magnitude. The data from molecular docking showed that they shared the same binding site as galantamine.     

Screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc

Fifty-four cyanobacterial strains of the genus Nostoc from different habitats were screened for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Water-methanolic extracts from freeze-dried biomasses were tested for inhibitory activity using Ellman's spectrophotometric method. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity higher than 90% was found in the crude extracts of Nostoc sp. str. Lukesova 27/97 and Nostoc ellipsosporum Rabenh. str. Lukesova 51/91. Extracts from Nostoc ellipsosporum str. Lukesova 52/91 and Nostoc linckia f. muscorum (Ag.) Elenk. str. Gromov, 1988, CALU-980 inhibited AChE activity by 84.9% and 65.3% respectively. Moderate AChE inhibitory activity (29.1-37.5%) was found in extracts of Nostoc linckia Roth. str. Gromov, 1962/10, CALU-129, Nostoc muscorum Ag. str. Lukesova 127/97, Nostoc sp. str. Lhotsky, CALU-327 and Nostoc sp. str. Gromov, CALU-998. Extracts from another seven strains showed weak anti-AChE activities. The active component responsible for acetylcholinesterase inhibition was identified in a crude extract of Nostoc sp. str. Lukesova 27/97 using HPLC and found to occur in one single peak.     

Screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc

Fifty-four cyanobacterial strains of the genus Nostoc from different habitats were screened for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Water-methanolic extracts from freeze-dried biomasses were tested for inhibitory activity using Ellman's spectrophotometric method. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity higher than 90% was found in the crude extracts of Nostoc sp. str. Luke?ová 27/97 and Nostoc ellipsosporum Rabenh. str. Luke?ová 51/91. Extracts from Nostoc ellipsosporum str. Luke?ová 52/91 and Nostoc linckia f. muscorum (Ag.) Elenk. str. Gromov, 1988, CALU-980 inhibited AChE activity by 84.9% and 65.3% respectively. Moderate AChE inhibitory activity (29.1–37.5%) was found in extracts of Nostoc linckia Roth. str. Gromov, 1962/10, CALU-129, Nostoc muscorum Ag. str. Luke?ová 127/97, Nostoc sp. str. Lhotsky, CALU-327 and Nostoc sp. str. Gromov, CALU-998. Extracts from another seven strains showed weak anti-AChE activities.

The active component responsible for acetylcholinesterase inhibition was identified in a crude extract of Nostoc sp. str. Luke?ová 27/97 using HPLC and found to occur in one single peak.     

4-Phenylcoumarins from Mesua elegans with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity

A significant acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity was observed for the hexane extract from the bark of Mesua elegans (Clusiaceae). Thus, the hexane extract was subjected to chemical investigation, which led to the isolation of nine 4-phenylcoumarins, in which three are new; mesuagenin A (1), mesuagenin C (3), mesuagenin D (4) and one new natural product; mesuagenin B (2). The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized by spectroscopic data interpretation, especially 1D and 2D NMR. Four compounds showed significant AChE inhibitory activity, with mesuagenin B (2) being the most potent (IC(50)=0.7μM).     

Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of selected southern African medicinal plants

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the aging population. Enhancement of acetylcholine levels in the brain is one means of treating the disease. However, the drugs presently used in the management of the disease have various drawbacks. New treatments are required and in this study, extracts of Salvia tiliifolia Vahl. (whole plant), Chamaecrista mimosoides L. Greene (roots), Buddleja salviifolia (L.) Lam. (whole plant) and Schotia brachypetala Sond. (root and bark) were evaluated to determine their polyphenolic content, antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI) activity. The DPPH and ABTS assays were used to determine antioxidant activity and Ellman colorimetric method to quantify AChEI activity. Although all four plants showed activity in both assays, the organic extracts of C. mimosoides root was found to contain the highest AChEI activity (IC₅₀ = 0.03 ± 0.08 mg/ml) and B. salviifolia whole plant had the highest antioxidant activity (ABTS; IC₅₀ = 0.14 ± 0.08 mg/ml and DPPH; IC₅₀ = 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/ml). The results suggest that the tested plant species may provide a substantial source of secondary metabolites, which act as natural antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and may be beneficial in the treatment of AD.     

Synthesis and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Mannich base derivatives flavokawain B

A novel series of flavokawain B derivatives, chalcone Mannich bases (4–10) were designed, synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for the inhibition activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Biological results revealed that four compounds displayed potent activities against AChE with IC₅₀ values below 20 μM. Moreover, the most promising compound 8 was 2-fold more active than rivastigmine, a well-known AChE inhibitor. The log P values of 4–10 were around 2 which indicated that they were sufficiently lipophilic to pass blood brain barriers in vivo. Enzyme kinetic study suggested that the inhibition mechanism of compound 8 was a mixed-type inhibition. Meanwhile, the molecular docking showed that this compound can both bind with the catalytic site and the periphery of AChE.     

Synthesis and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of huperzine A-E2020 combined compound

The synthesis of huperzine-E2020 combined compound (3) has been accomplished and the activities of 3 and the intermediates 12 and 13 to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase have been measured. Conformation analyses and molecular docking studies of E2020 and the eight isomers of 12 were carried out. The results indicated that binding energies of all isomers of 12 with AChE was much lower than E2020 except for isomer RRZ, which might be the reason that the activity of 12 was lower than that of E2020. Interaction pattern of RRZ in AChE was also studied. Both binding energy and interaction pattern shows that the biological activity of RRZ might be higher than that of E2020.