Bodytime: On the Interaction of Body, Identity, and Society

Bodytime: On the Interaction of Body, Identity, and Society. Susanne Lundin and Lynn Åkesson. eds. Lund, Sweden: Lund University Press, 1996. 196 pp.     

Book Review

Metalloporphyrins in Catalytic Oxidations, ed. R. A. Sheldon,Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1994, 390 pp., ISBN 0-8247-9228-9

Reviewed by: Dr. Ebbe Nordlander, Inorganic Chemistry 1, Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, S-22 1 00 Lund, Sweden.     

Structural Plans as Functional Models Exemplified by the Crustacea Malacostraca

Abstract
Dahl, E. (Zoological Institute, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.) Structural plans as functional models exemplified by the Crustacea Malacostraca . Zool. Scr. 5 (3–4): 163–166, 1976.—The structural plans of higher taxa also represent integrated functional model systems which may be of value in dealing with evolutionary and phylogenetic problems. The model concept is tested on the Crustacea Malacostraca. Their origin and interrelationships are discussed, and a new alternative for their derivation is presented for criticism and comparison with previous hypotheses.     

Ancient DNA preserved in small bone fragments from the P.W. Lund collection

The Lund collection is one of the oldest subfossil collections in the world. The vast assemblage of subfossils was collected in the 1830s and 1840s by Peter Wilhelm Lund in Lagoa Santa, Brazil, and was shipped to Copenhagen in 1848, where it was stored in various locations around the city with little attention for the future preservation of the collection. So far, successful genetic research on the material collected by Lund has been limited to two samples of human petrous bone. However, less is known about the preservation conditions of the vast amounts of small and fragmentary bones stored in the collection. To address this, we studied ancient DNA from bulk bone samples of approximately 100 bone fragments from the P.W. Lund collection from boxes with varying degrees of physical preservation conditions. Using bulk bone metabarcoding, we found a high species diversity in all samples. In total, we identified 17 species, representing 11 mammals, two birds, one fish, and three frogs. Of these, two species are new to the collection. Collectively, these results exhibit the potential of future genetic studies on the famous P.W. Lund collection and suggest that the effects of poor storage conditions are probably negligible compared with the long‐term in situ degradation that specimens undergo before excavation.     

Theory of the effect of externally applied voltage on membrane oxidation kinetics

Lund recently demonstrated that application of an external electrical potential across a membrane changes the rate of enzymatic oxidation in the membrane. This is a qualitative confirmation of a prediction derived from the hypothesis that membrane potentials are due to redox potentials, with electron conduction across the membrane through its solid matrix. In the present paper, equations relating membrane oxidation rates to applied external potential are derived from the above hypothesis so that this hypothesis may be testedquantitatively by experiments of the type performed by Lund.     

Hybridization between the peat mosses, Sphagnum capillifolium and S. quinquefarium (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) as inferred by morphological characters and isozyme markers

 Isozyme markers and morphological characters were studied in four populations of Sphagnum capillifolium and S. quinquefarium. Recombinant plants were found in three populations, where the two species occur sympatrically. All recombinants possessed different haplotypes and combinations of morphological characters, which show that they are results of independent hybridization events. Strongly male-biased sex ratios were found for Sphagnum capillifolium in all populations where it grew sympatrically with S. quinquefarium. Most of the recombinants were also male fertile. These observations suggest that S. quinquefarium is the female parent in the primary crosses and in subsequent backcrosses. Received September 3, 2001; accepted March 16, 2002 Published online: November 7, 2002 Addresses of the authors: Nils Cronberg (e-mail: Nils.Cronberg@sysbot.lu.se), Department of Systematic Botany, Lund University, S?lvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. Rayna Natcheva (e-mail: renimoss@iph.bio.bas.bg), Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.     

The Eltringham Organ and a New Thoracic Gland: Ultrastructure and Presumed Pheromone Function (Insecta, Myrmeleontidae)

Elofsson, R. and Löfqvist, J. (Zoological Institute, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.) The Eltringham organ and a new thoracic gland: ultrastructure and presumed pheromone function . Zool. Scr. 3 (1): 31–40, 1974.—Eltringham's organ is a club-like projection from the posterior margin of hind-wings of some myrmeleontid insects. It bears laterally directed setae, each having a specialized epidermal cell beneath, which gives off secretion into a sub-setal lumen. The lumen continues into the wall of the moat-like socket of the setae. Eltringham's organ fits into an excavation of the lateral body wall connected with the opening of a thoracic gland. The thoracic gland in these animals has not previously been described. It consists of a hollow tube, feebly developed in females. The tube wall houses two cell types: gland cells and cuticular cells. The latter form the cuticle of the general duct lumen and a specialized duct leading from each gland cell. The gland cells have a microvilli-filled cavity which collects the secretion. The thoracic gland produces a pheromone secretion whose distribution is aided by Eltringham's organ where present.     

Diversity and paleoenviromental significance of Brazilian fossil Galictis (Carnivora: Mustelidae)

The evolutionary history of the genus Galictis in South America probably begins after the Great American Biotic Interchange. Two species are recognised: Galictis vittata and Galictis cuja. The latter are more frequently found in open areas in southern South America and the first occurs in humid forests from northern South America to Central America. Apparently, they do not occur in sympatry. Both are differentiate by the presence of a metaconid in the first inferior molar of G. vittata and for its bigger size when compared to G. cuja. The fossil record of Galictis is scarce, G. cuja is known by few specimens from Argentina, Chile and Brazil; G. vittata have only one record from Southern Brazil. The specimens related to this record were collected by Peter Lund and are housed at the Statens Naturhistoriske Museum. However, the specimens published by Lund are not fossils. Thus, it is presented here other unpublished specimens collected by Lund and housed at the same museum that we recognise as the first G. vittata fossils. Additionally, it is described here the first fossil record for G. cuja from the late Pleistocene of Brazil – an almost complete mandible recovered from sedimentary deposits from Central Brazil.     

Generation or multiple genetic specificities: origin of genetic polymorphism through gene regulation

Summary Based on results of mutation studies in the fungus Schizophyllum commune, a new mechanism of the origin of genetic polymorphism is proposed. This may explain the intractable problems of the rise of multiple allelism controlling incompatibility in plants and the wide array of antibody diversity controlling immunity reaction in animals.Based on a lecture given at a joint meeting of the Mendelian Society of Lund and the Institute of Genetics, Lund, on 6th October, 1975, The author is grateful to Prof. A. Muntzing and Prof. A. Lundqvist for the invitation, and for the kindness and hospitality shown to him during his brief visit to Lund. This lecture formed a part of a lecture tour of Europe organized under the auspices of the Commission of European Communities, Brussells, and Association EURATOM-ITAL, Wageningen. The author is grateful to Dr. D. de Nettancourt (E.C.) and Dr. D. de Zeeuw (E.I.) for the kind invitation and financial support which made this memorable visit possible.     

Trachynema, a new genus in the Punctariaceae (Fucophyceae)

Two little known species of brown algae, Litosiphon mortensenii S. Lund and L. groenlandicus S. Lund, described from East Greenland have been compared with the type species of the genera Litosiphon Harv. and Asperococcus Lamour. They are distinguished from the genus Litosiphon by their basally sheathed hairs, hecatonematoid microthalli, mediate differentiation of embryospores, and lack of sympodial branching of the macrothallus. They are considered more primitive than Asperococcus by the absence of paraphyses and by the non-localized formation of reproductive structures. The new genus Trachynema is proposed to accommodate these plants; it finds a natural position in the Punctariaceae.     

The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): generic revision and relationship to other formicids

Three genera are recognized in the ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae: Myrcidris new genus (monotypic; type species M. epicharis , new species, from Amazonas, Brazil); Pseudomyrmex Lund (c. 150 nominal taxa; southern Nearctic and Neotropical regions); and Tetraponera F. Smith (c. 110 nominal taxa; Palaeotropical region). New generic synonymies are: Pseudomyrmex Lund = Ornatinoda Enzmann = Clavanoda Enzmann = Triangulinoda Enzmann = Apendunculata Enzmann = Latinoda Enzmann; and Tetraponera F. Smith = Pachysima Emery = Viticicola Wheeler = Sima Emery (nee Roger) = Parasima Donisthorpe. Autapomorphies are identified for the subfamily and for its constituent genera, indicating the monophyly of all four taxa. Based on available character-state information, Myrcidris is most parsimoniously interpreted as a sister-group to all other Pseudomyrmecinae {Pseudomyrmex + Tetraponera) , although there is almost equally strong support for an alternative grouping: Tetraponera + (Myrcidris + Pseudomyrmex). Phylogenetic relationships of the Pseudomyrmecinae and other ant subfamilies within the 'poneroid complex' ( sensu Taylor, 1978) were assessed by a cladistic analysis of eleven representative ant genera. At the level of subfamily relationships the results suggest that: (1) The Myrmicinae and the Pseudomyrmecinae are sister groups. (2) Within the 'poneroid complex' is an unresolved trichotomy composed of: (i) Pseudomyrmecinae + Myrmicinae, (ii) Myrmeciinae, and (iii) Ponerinae + Leptanillinae + (Cerapachyinae + Dorylinae (s.l.)). (3) The Nothomyrmeciinae are a basal lineage within the 'poneroid complex', rather than being allied with the 'formicoid complex' (Formicinae, Dolichoderinae and Aneuretinae).     

New and interesting cases of conjugating desmids from Lapland

A number of desmid samples collected in Lapland appeared to be remarkably rich in zygospores. The spore morphology of Euastrum sinuosum Lenorm. ex Arch., Cosmarium tumidum Lund., C. isthmochondrum Nordst., Staurastrum dilatatum Ehr. ex Ralfs, Actinotaenium wollei (W. & G. S. West) Teil. ex Růž. & Pouz. and A. didymocarpum (Lund.) comb, nov., either when hitherto unknown or requiring a critical discussion is extensively treated. A new species, Cosmarium taxillus (with zygospores) is described.
Repeatedly recorded incidences of a disturbed zygospore development and the grey to black pigmentation of the mesosporium are discussed in connection with the possible effect of habitat factors.     

广西臭蚁属二新种(膜翅目:蚁科)(英文)

本文描述发现于广西的臭蚁属2新种。新种平背臭蚁Dolichoderusflatidorsussp.nov.与黑腹臭蚁D．taprobanae相似,主要区别为：1）头部具网状刻点,不光亮;2）立毛及柔毛被丰富,头部和后腹部的柔毛几遮盖刻点,而后者毛被稀而薄;3）头部黑色,而后者头部褐红色。新种毛臭蚁D.pilosissp.nov．也与黑腹臭蚁相似,主要区别是：1）头部具粗密网状刻点,不光亮;2）立毛及柔毛被密集;3）前一中胸背板缝宽而深,并胸腹节基面隆起,不平直。     

TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE ANT GENUS DOLICHODERUS LUND (HY-MENOPTERA:FORMICIDAE) FROM GUANGXI, CHINA

Abstract Two new species of the ant genus Dolichoderus Lund from Guangxi Province are described. They are D. flatidorsus sp. nov. and D. pllosus sp. nov.     

中国臭蚁属一新种记述(膜翅目:蚁科)

记述了采自中国湖北省恩施市大吉镇的臭蚁属Dolichoderus Lund 1新种：大吉臭蚁D．dajiensis,sp．nov．。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

The discovery of the human chromosome number in Lund, 1955–1956

The correct determination of the human diploid chromosome number as 46, by J-H Tjio and A Levan, at the University of Lund, Sweden, occurred 50 years ago, in December 1955; the finding was published in April 1956, ending a period of more than 30 years when the number had been thought to be 48. The background to the discovery and the surrounding factors are reassessed, as are the reasons why previous investigators persistently misidentified the precise number. The necessity for multiple technological advances, the power of previously accepted conclusions in influencing the interpretation of later results, and the importance of other work already undertaken in Lund, are all relevant factors for the occurrence of this discovery, the foundation for modern human cytogenetics, at this particular time and place.     

Formation of primordial yolk granules in the avian oocyte

Summary Electron and light microscopical investigations of early oocytes (between 1.0 mm and 5.0 mm in diameter) from the ovary of 28–30 week-old chickens, suggested the formation of primordial yolk granules from cytoplasmic vesicles. These vesicles formed an aggregation which was observed to be surrounded by membranes, giving the aggregate a multivesicular body-like appearance. At a later stage the vesicles inside the membrane disintegrated and the multivesicular bodies acquired the appearance of primordial yolk granules. The contribution of other structures to the formation of yolk granules is discussed.For constructive criticism I am very grateful to Dr. Hadar Emanuelsson, Institute of Zoophysiology, Lund. The excellent technical assistance of Miss Inger Antonsson and Mrs. Annagreta Petersen is gratefully acknowledgedThis work was supported by Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapet, Lund     

Ultrastructural changes in the coronet cells of the saccus vasculosus from rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri (Richardson), kept in sea water

Summary The coronet cells of saccus vasculosus of fresh-water living and sea-water adapted rainbow trout were studied with the electron microscope, with special regard to changes in the latter group. Only quantitative differences were observed, namely a raised number of mitochondria in the apical region and the head and also a concentration of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum with a higher amount of electron-dense material and vesicles around the Golgi saccules. Together, these findings suggest a secretory function for the coronet cell. A supposed transport of vesicles from the head region of the coronet cell out into the globules is suggested. Interrelation between primary and secondary vesicles is discussed.This work was supported by grants from the Royal Physiographical Society of Lund and the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Lund.—I am greatly indebted to Mrs. Lena Svenre and Miss Inger Norling for excellent technical assistance.     

Sequence elements essential for the rapid turnover of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crithidia fasciculata</Emphasis> ornithine decarboxylase

Summary. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) has a very fast turnover in mammalian cells, but is a stable enzyme in T. brucei and other trypanosmatid parasites like Leishmania donovani. However, Crithidia fasciculata, which is a phylogenetically closely related trypanosomatid to L. donovani, has an ODC with a rapid turnover. Interestingly, C. fasciculata ODC, but not L. donovani ODC, is rapidly degraded also in mammalian systems. In order to obtain information on what sequences are important for the rapid degradation of C. fasciculata ODC, we produced a variety of C. fasciculata/L. donovani ODC hybrid proteins and characterized their turnover using two different mammalian expression systems. The results obtained indicate that C. fasciculata ODC contains several sequence elements essential for the rapid turnover of the protein and that these regions are mainly located in the central part of the enzyme. Present address: Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, University of Dublin – Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland Authors’ address: Lo Persson, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D-12, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden     

A closer look at the “Protopithecus” fossil assemblages: new genus and species from Bahia,Brazil

The recently extinct large-bodied New World monkey Protopithecus brasiliensis Lund 1836 was named based on a distal humerus and proximal femur found in the Lagoa Santa cave system in the southeastern Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. These bones are from an animal about twice the size of the largest extant platyrrhines. One hundred and seventy-five years later, a nearly complete skeleton was discovered in the Toca da Boa Vista caves in the neighboring state of Bahia and was allocated to the same taxon as it was the first platyrrhine fossil of comparable size found since the originals. Our detailed study of the equivalent elements, however, reveals important morphological differences that do not correspond to intraspecific variation as we know it in related platyrrhine taxa. The presence of both an expanded brachioradialis flange on the humerus and gluteal tuberosity on the femur of the Bahian skeleton distinguishes it from the Lagoa Santa fossil as well as from all other platyrrhines. Further cranial and postcranial evidence suggests a closer relationship of the former with the alouattine Alouatta, while the limited Lund material fits more comfortably with the ateline clade. Therefore, we propose to limit P. brasiliensis Lund to the distal humerus and proximal femur from Lagoa Santa and erect a new genus and species for the skeleton from Toca da Boa Vista. Cartelles coimbrafilhoi was a large-bodied frugivore with a relatively small brain and diverse locomotor repertoire including both suspension and climbing that expands the range of platyrrhine biodiversity beyond the dimensions of the living neotropical primates.