磁处理对小球藻生长及抗氧化系统的影响

摘要：研究恒定均匀磁场对小球藻生长及其抗氧化系统的影响,磁处理在0.01T表现出促进生长的显著作用,从0.2T~1.2T表现出显著的抑制作用;抗氧化酶系统的关键酶SOD,CAT,POD酶活性在较低磁感应强度时应激性升高,然后随磁感应强度的升高而降低;非酶体系的GSH对磁处理响应不明显,Caro含量普遍有较为明显的降低,可见磁处理造成了小球藻中的活性氧伤害,影响了小球藻的生长。     

磁场对金针菇菌丝生长的影响及磁受体和铁离子转运蛋白的鉴定表达

磁场作为一种无法避免的自然因子,对生物的生长发育有重要影响。然而,目前磁场对大型真菌影响的研究还鲜有报道。本研究采用铷磁铁对金针菇菌丝进行处理,检测金针菇菌丝在不同磁极刺激下的生长和基因表达规律。结果显示：磁场是铷磁铁抑制金针菇菌丝生长的主要原因,且在磁感应强度0.003T以上对菌丝生长的抑制作用较强。通过同源比对获得一个金针菇磁受体和一个铁离子转运蛋白的编码基因,分别命名为ff-magr和ff-fief。定量PCR结果显示ff-magr在N极和S极均出现显著下调表达,N极和S极磁场对ff-fief 的表达均无显著影响。结果表明：磁受体蛋白参与了金针菇菌丝受磁场抑制的应答过程,而磁受体不仅仅是通过调控铁的含量来调控菌丝的生长发育。以上结果为合理利用磁场调控真菌生长发育奠定基础,同时也为深入研究磁场对真菌生长发育的分子机理提供参考。     

磁处理对小球藻超微结构的影响

用透射电镜研究在不同强度磁场处理下,小球藻超微结构的变化。结果显示:磁处理强度不同,小球藻细胞亚显微结构变化程度不同。细胞壁、叶绿体、线粒体和液泡等部位是受磁处理影响的主要部位。研究发现在较高强度磁处理下,出现质壁分离,类囊体结构轻微破坏,液泡和线粒体增加,能量物质积累等现象,影响小球藻的正常代谢。     

旋磁场对胆结石病人胆汁中胆红素钙胆固醇pH影响的研究

探讨旋磁场与磁板对置对胆结石病人胆汁中总胆红素 (BIT)、直接胆红素 (BID)、间接胆红素 (BII)、钙 (CA)、胆固醇 (CH)和 pH的影响, 为肝内外胆管结石病人治疗、预防和降低复发、再生和再手术率提供临床实验资料. 方法 设旋磁组和空白对照组二组, 对象为胆管结石行胆道探查 " T" 型管引流病人. 样本为胆汁, 旋磁组 30例, 测定旋磁处理前后 65对胆汁样本. 空白对照组 15例, 不外加旋磁处理, 时间前后与对照组相同, 留取前后 30对胆汁样本. 将直径 12mm圆形稀土永磁片 110块, 表面磁感应强度 210mT, 分别间隔 10mm贴于 210× 220mm铁皮上形成一个大面积磁板与旋磁头表面静磁感应强度 160mT, 旋转平均表面磁感应强度 100mT呈异名极对置, 磁板置肝区背侧, 旋磁头置剑突下处理 40分钟. 留取处理前后胆汁样本 5ml, 送检测 BIT、 BID、 BII、 CA、 CH和 pH. 结果 旋磁组、旋磁场与磁板对置处理胆结石病人胆汁前后对照, t值分别为 BIT 3.60、 BID 2.46、 BII 3.37、 CA 4.87、 CH 3.36、 pH 0.3. 空白对照组胆汁时间前后对照, t值分别为 BIT 1.14、 BID 1.06、 BII 0.30、 CA 0.50、 CH 0.94和 pH 0.84. 结论 在本项磁场类型、强度和时间处理条件下, 旋磁场与磁板对置能明显影响胆结石病人胆汁中的 BIT、 BID、 BII、 CA和 CH的浓度变化, 且有显著降低的作用. BID降低差异有显著性 (P< 0.05). BIT、 BII、 CA和 CH降低差异有高度显著性 (P< 0.01), 胆汁 pH变化差异无显著性 (P >0.05). 空白对照组胆汁前后对比 BIT、 BID、 BII、 CA、 CH和 pH变化均无显著性差异 (P >0.05). 旋磁组与空白对照组均数比较 BIT、 BII和 pH差别有高度显著性 P< 0.01, CA差别有显著性 (P< 0.05). 而 BID和 CH两组均数比较差别无显著性 P >0.05. 本临床实验结果证实, 旋磁场与磁板对置能影响肝内外胆结石形成, 为胆石病的预防提供了临床应用依据.     

不同强度静电磁场对体外培养骨髓间充质干细胞增殖与分化的影响

本实验研究不同强度静电磁场对体外培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖与分化作用. 体外分离培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,传代后随机分为6组,分别用强度为0（对照组）、0.9、1.2、1.5、1.8和2.1 mT的静电磁场处理,每d每次处理30 min. 在磁场处理后的9~10 d ,骨髓间充质干细胞开始出现钙化小颗粒. 0.9 mT组抑制骨髓间充质干细胞增殖,1.5到2.1mT组促进骨髓间充质干细胞增殖. 在磁场处理后的12 d和15 d ,1.5和1.8 mT组极显著地增加了碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性. 采用AKP组织化学染色和钙化结节染色对骨髓间充质干细胞成骨性分化进行鉴定,AKP组织化学染色和钙化结节染色都呈现了极强的阳性结果,尤以1.5 mT和1.8 mT阳性染色面积最大. 在SEMFs处理后的48 h 和96 h ,1.5 mT和1.8 mT组胶原I(collagen-Ⅰ)和骨形态发生蛋白2(bone morphogenetic protein-2, Bmp-2) 基因表达水平显著高于对照组.在SEMFs处理后的12 d, BMP-2蛋白表达量高于对照组. 研究表明,0.9 mT 组抑制骨髓间充质干细胞增殖,1.5 mT到2.1 mT组不同强度静电磁场促进体外培养骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖. 磁场组能促进骨髓间充质干细胞成骨性分化,其中尤以1.5 mT和1.8 mT组促进大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化作用效果最为明显.     

磁化水浸种对玉米生物学效应的初步研究

应用不同磁场强度和不同磁化时间的磁化水浸泡玉米（ZeamaysL．）种子12h,经Knop营养液砂培,对其萌发和幼苗的生长进行了测定。结果表明,磁水处理后的发芽势、发芽率、种子根数、根长、单株叶面积和根苗比显著增加,叶片失水率和低温伤害后的相对电导率显著降低。磁化时间和强度在10-25min和0．10-0．25T（特斯拉）范围内都可促进玉米种子的萌发和幼苗的生长,以10min,0．15T的磁处理方式作用最显著。     

生物磁效应对蛹虫草活性物质含量的影响

利用场强为0.1、0.25、0.4T恒定磁场,以流速为1 m·s^-1,分别对普通水进行9次处理,串联（SC）磁场处理3次的磁处理水,进而用于栽培蛹虫草,并研究了生物磁效应对蛹虫草虫草素、虫草酸、多糖含量及生物学转化效率的影响。结果表明,0.4T处理有利于蛹虫草虫草酸含量及生物学效率的提高,相比对照组分别提高了7.29%和15.37%;0.25T处理组有利于虫草素的积累,比对照组提高了11.31%;0.1T处理有利于多糖的积累,相比对照组提高了14.80%。方差分析表明,经不同场强处理的磁化水对蛹虫草子实体生长和活性物的代谢影响差异显著。但磁处理水对于不同物质含量的影响规律存在一定的差异性。     

不同强度工频磁场对神经元延迟整流钾通道特性的影响

工频磁场是人类生活中接触最多的一类磁场,其引起的生物效应与人类健康的关系备受关注．本文选用1 mT、5 mT及10 mT工频磁场照射急性分离的小鼠皮层神经元(15 min),应用全细胞膜片钳技术离线记录通道电流,研究了工频磁场对神经元延迟整流钾通道特性的影响．结果显示,1 mT、5 mT及10 mT 3个强度的工频磁场对I_k均有抑制作用,但随着去极化电压的增加,发现1 mT和5 mT工频磁场的抑制率几乎不变,抑制率分别为(30 ± 4.2)%和(20 ± 2.2)%,而10 mT工频磁场的抑制率增加,最大抑制率为43.4%．另外,1 mT和5 mT工频磁场影响了延迟整流钾通道的激活特性,通道的半数激活电压变大,斜率因子不变．而10 mT工频磁场对通道的激活特性没有影响,半数激活电压和斜率因子均不改变．研究表明,工频磁场可能影响了细胞膜上离子通道蛋白质的结构和功能,并且不同强度工频磁场对通道的影响不同,存在强度窗口效应．     

磁处理土壤对油菜幼苗生理生化指标的影响

用室外盆栽方法,将土壤磁效应与生物磁效应相结合,研究磁处理土壤对油菜(Brassica napus)幼苗硝酸还原配活性、可溶性糖含量、根系活力以及生物量的影响．结果表明,200mT磁处理土壤可提高油菜幼苗硝酸还原配活性10．76％,300mT和100mT处理均使可溶性糖含量增加11．05％以上,根系活力增加26．40％．生物量增加,地上部鲜重以300mT处理最大,比对照增加13．28％,地下部的鲜重以200mT处理最大,比对照增加13．17％,根冠比降低10．00％,说明土壤健康质量得到了改善。     

不同磁场对大鼠脏器一氧化氮含量的影响

目的 :探讨磁场对大鼠肝组织、肾组织中一氧化氮 (NO)含量的影响。方法 :将大鼠置于不同磁场 ( 1 0mT、2 0mT、30mT)中曝磁 30min ,观察磁场对大鼠肝组织和肾组织NO含量的影响。NO含量的测定采用改良的Griess法。结果 :在 30mT磁场中曝磁 30min ,大鼠肝组织、肾组织中NO含量都显著高于对照组(p <0 .0 1 ) ;其它场强NO含量与对照组相比无统计学意义。结论 :30mT磁场对大鼠肝组织、肾组织NO含量有一定影响。     

Effects of magnetic field on the antioxidant defense system of recirculation-cultured Chlorella vulgaris

Little is known about the influence of magnetic fields (MF) on growth of microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris, which has been consumed as health food for various nutritional and pharmacological effects. This preliminary study investigated whether static MF can modulate the antioxidant system in C. vulgaris by exposing the cells to static MF generated by dual yoke electromagnets with magnetic flux density of 10-50 mT for 12 h. After exposure to 10-35 mT for 12 h, the activity of superoxide dismutases and peroxidase increased significantly compared to control cells. However, a remarkable increase of catalase activity occurred at 45 and 50 mT. The lipid peroxidation of algae cells determined by production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was much increased when exposed to 35, 45, and 50 mT of MF. The scavenging ability of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical was decreased markedly while there was no variation of total carotenoids content in C. vulgaris cells. Assay of specific growth rate in 72 h cultivation after MF exposure was also conducted. In groups after exposure to 10-35 mT of MF, specific growth rate was significantly increased. These results suggest that 10-35 mT of static MF exposure could promote the growth of C. vulgaris and regulate its antioxidant defense system to protect cells efficiently, which could possibly enhance the growth of C. vulgaris in industrialized cultivation by MF.     

Influence of magnetopriming on germination,growth, physiology,oil and essential contents of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)

An environment friendly technique is desirable for enhancing of crop production. In this study, seeds of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Yazd accession were treated with 0, 150 mT, 250 mT, 500 mT and 1 T magnetic field strengths for min and germination parameters were determined. All of the treatments improved germination parameters and seedling growth as compared with the control. However, 500 and 150 mT were the most effective treatments and thus selected for field studies. Seeds were exposed to 150 mT and 500 mT static magnetic field of strengths for 12 min, planted in the field during 2010–2012 in Isfahan, Iran. Static magnetic field treatment shortened the days to emergence, flowering and maturity, increased chlorophyll and reduced proline contents. Highest biological, seed and essential oil yield, oil content, and oil yield were recorded under 500 mT followed by 150 mT and control, respectively. The results suggested that the pretreatment of cumin seeds with static magnetic field can improve germination, growth and oil and essential contents of the cumin seed under the field.     

Contribution of a 300 kHz alternating magnetic field on magnetic hyperthermia treatment of HepG2 cells

We investigated the relative contributions of temperature and a 300 kHz alternating magnetic field (AMF) on magnetic hyperthermia treatment (MHT). Our system consisted of an induction coil, which generated AMF by electric current flow, and a newly developed, temperature‐controlled circulating water‐jacketed glass bottle placed inside the coil. The AMF generator operated at a frequency of 300 kHz with variable field strength ranging from 0 to 11 mT. Four treatment conditions were employed: (A) control (37 °C, 0 mT), (B) AMF exposure (37 °C, 11 mT), (C) hyperthermia (46 °C, 0 mT), and (D) hyperthermia plus AMF exposure (46 °C, 11 mT) for 30 min. Cell viability and apoptotic death rate were estimated. The relative contributions or interactions of hyperthermia (46 °C) and AMF (11 mT) on MHT were evaluated using 2 × 2 factorial experiment analysis. Group A was statistically different (P < 0.05) from each of the other treatments. The observed effects on both cell viability and apoptotic cell death were influenced by temperature (97.36% and 92.15%, respectively), AMF (1.78% and 4.99%, respectively), and the interactions between temperature and AMF (0.25% and 2.36%, respectively). Thus, the effect of hyperthermia was significant. Also, AMF exposure itself might play a role in MHT, although these observations were made in vitro. These findings suggest a possible presence of an AMF effect during clinical magnetic hyperthermia. Bioelectromagnetics 34:95–103, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

脉冲电磁场对C2C12 成肌细胞增殖影响的实验研究

目的:研究不同强度脉冲电磁场干预对成肌细胞增殖的影响。方法:10Hz脉冲低频电磁场刺激经复苏后培养贴壁良好的C2C12成肌细胞,根据不同磁场强度和作用时间将其分为A、B、C组,无磁场干预的为对照组。采用RT-q PCR检测不同磁场强度下成肌细胞标记基因Myf5、Myo D及Pax7的m RNA的表达。结果:经RT-q PCR检测三种基因的表达情况,Myf5 m RNA在1.5 m T磁场强度下照射第五天表达最高;0.5 m T磁场强度下Myf5 m RNA的表达与对照组相比无统计学意义(P>0.05);1.0 m T磁场强度下Myf5 m RNA表达与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);1.5 m T磁场强度下Myf5 m RNA表达与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组Myo D m RNA的表达要比磁场作用下表达要高。三个磁场强度下Myo D m RNA表达与对照组相比均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。0.5 m T、1.0 m T磁场强度下Pax7 m RNA的表达要比对照组要高,与对照组相比具有统计学意义(P<0.05);1.5 m T磁场强度下Pax7 m RNA表达与对照组相比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 :1.5 m T脉冲电磁场强度下作用5天对体外培养的成肌细胞Myf5 m RNA标记基因增殖促进作用最强。     

Pre-treatment of seeds with static magnetic field ameliorates soil water stress in seedlings of maize (Zea mays L.)

The effect of magnetic field (MF) treatments of maize (Zea mays L.) var. Ganga Safed 2 seeds on the growth, leaf water status, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme system under soil water stress was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The seeds were exposed to static MFs of 100 and 200 mT for 2 and 1 h, respectively. The treated seeds were sown in sand beds for seven days and transplanted in pots that were maintained at -0.03, -0.2 and -0.4 MPa soil water potentials under greenhouse conditions. MF exposure of seeds significantly enhanced all growth parameters, compared to the control seedlings. The significant increase in root parameters in seedlings from magnetically-exposed seeds resulted in maintenance of better leaf water status in terms of increase in leaf water potential, turgor potential and relative water content. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content increased in plants from treated seeds, compared to control under irrigated and mild stress condition. Leaves from plants of magnetically-treated seeds showed decreased levels of hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant defense system enzymes (peroxidases, catalase and superoxide dismutase) under moisture stress conditions, when compared with untreated controls. Mild stress of -0.2 MPa induced a stimulating effect on functional root parameters, especially in 200 mT treated seedlings which can be exploited profitably for rain fed conditions. Our results suggested that MF treatment (100 mT for 2 h and 200 for 1 h) of maize seeds enhanced the seedling growth, leaf water status, photosynthesis rate and lowered the antioxidant defense system of seedlings under soil water stress. Thus, pre sowing static magnetic field treatment of seeds can be effectively used for improving growth under water stress.     

萘及其衍生物对普通小球藻的毒性效应

本文研究了萘及其衍生物(萘、1-萘酚、2-萘酚和1-萘胺)对普通小球藻的生长、叶绿素含量、光合强度和呼吸强度的影响。萘、1-萘酚和1-萘胺在低浓度下能促进普通小球藻的生长,高浓度则抑制藻的生长;2-萘酚在实验浓度下都抑制藻的生长。萘、1-萘酚、2-萘酚和1-萘胺的96hEC_(50)分别为98.06、11.87、13.39和6.95mg/L。萘及其衍生物对叶绿素含量和光合强度的影响比对生长的影响强,而对叶绿素含量的影响又比对光合强度的影响强。可以这样认为:萘及其衍生物对普通小球藻生长的抑制是通过抑制藻叶绿素a的形成,进而降低光合强度实现的。低浓度的萘和1-萘酚增强普通小球藻的呼吸强度,而高浓度则减弱;与此相反,低浓度的2-萘酚对藻的呼吸强度影响不大,高浓度能显著增强;在实验浓度下的1-萘胺使藻呼吸强度明显减弱,但随着时间的推移,呼吸强度出现回升,且高浓度回升较快。     

蒲公英提取物对普通小球藻Hg^2＋毒害保护作用的研究

本文研究了Hg^3 对普通小球藻的致毒效应与蒲公英提取物的保护作用,试验显示,普通小球藻的生理代谢活动对H^2 g敏感,单H^2 g处理系列组,随着H^2 g浓度提高,普通小球藻生长量降低,叶绿素A含量降低,自发荧光度强度减弱,显示出H^2 g的毒害效应,H^2 g加蒲公英物取复合处理普通小球藻结果表明,蒲公英提取物可以显著提高普通小球藻的生物量,促进普通小球藻的生长,提高普通小球藻叶绿素a含量与其自发荧光强度,从而显著减轻H^2 g的毒害作用,藻公英叶提取物作用效果最好,花序次之,根相对较弱。     

Effect of static magnetic fields on the growth,photosynthesis and ultrastructure of Chlorella kessleri microalgae

Microalgal biotechnology could generate substantial amounts of biofuels with minimal environmental impact if the economics can be improved by increasing the rate of biomass production. Chlorella kessleri was grown in a small‐scale raceway pond and in flask cultures with the entire volume, 1% (v/v) at any instant, periodically exposed to static magnetic fields to demonstrate increased biomass production and investigate physiological changes, respectively. The growth rate in flasks was maximal at a field strength of 10 mT, increasing from 0.39 ± 0.06 per day for the control to 0.88 ± 0.06 per day. In the raceway pond the 10 mT field increased the growth rate from 0.24 ± 0.03 to 0.45 ± 0.05 per day, final biomass from 0.88 ± 0.11 to 1.56 ± 0.18 g/L per day, and maximum biomass production from 0.11 ± 0.02 to 0.38 ± 0.04 g/L per day. Increased pigment, protein, Ca, and Zn content made the biomass produced with magnetic stimulation nutritionally superior. An increase in oxidative stress was measured indirectly as a decrease in antioxidant capacity from 26 ± 2 to 17 ± 1 µmol antioxidant/g biomass. Net photosynthetic capacity (NPC) and respiratory rate were increased by factors of 2.1 and 3.1, respectively. Loss of NPC enhancement after the removal of magnetic field fit a first‐order model well (R² = 0.99) with a half‐life of 3.3 days. Transmission electron microscopy showed enlarged chloroplasts and decreased thylakoid order with 10 mT treatment. By increasing daily biomass production about fourfold, 10 mT magnetic field exposure could make algal oil cost competitive with other biodiesel feedstocks. Bioelectromagnetics 33:298–308, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.