Observations on associated histopathology with Aggregata octopiana infection (Protista: Apicomplexa) in Octopus vulgaris

The effect of cimetidine on the praziquantel concentration in the blood of the rockfish Sebastes schlegeli and the consequent effect on the treatment efficacy against Microcotyle sebastis were investigated. Fish were divided into 7 groups and orally administered praziquantel alone (200 and 100 mg kg(-1) body weight [BW]) or in combination with cimetidine (in doses of 200, 100 or 50 mg kg(-1) BW cimetidine with a praziquantel dose of 100 mg kg(-1) BW). The fish in the sixth group were coadministered 50 mg praziquantel and 200 mg cimetidine kg(-1) BW. The fish in the control group were administered only saline. At 24 h post-treatment, the plasma was analyzed for praziquantel by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using diazepam as the internal standard, and the gills were examined to confirm the effectiveness of each treatment. The praziquantel concentration in plasma of fish administered 100 mg praziquantel + 200 mg cimetidine kg(-1) BW was not significantly different from that of fish treated with 200 mg praziquantel kg(-1) BW and was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (about 2 times) than that of fish administered 100 mg praziquantel kg(-1) BW. The group of fish administered 50 mg praziquantel + 200 mg cimetidine kg(-1) BW showed a similar plasma praziquantel concentration to that in the fish treated with 100 mg praziquantel kg(-1) BW. The treatment efficacies of the groups of fish coadministered 100 mg praziquantel kg(-1) BW and various concentrations of cimetidine (200, 100 and 50 mg kg(-1) BW) were not significantly different from that of the group of fish administered 200 mg praziquantel kg(-1) BW, but were significantly higher than those of the groups of fish fed 100 mg praziquantel kg(-1) BW alone or coadministered 50 mg praziquantel + 200 mg cimetidine kg(-1) BW.     

Treatment of Microcotyle sebastis (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea) infestation with praziquantel in an experimental cage simulating commercial rockfish Sebastes schlegeli culture conditions

The antiparasitic efficacy of praziquantel against the blood-sucking polyopisthocotylean Microcotyle sebastis was tested in an experimental cage simulating commercial rockfish-culture conditions. Juvenile rockfish Sebastes schlegeli were separated into 4 pilot net-pens, and the fish in the groups were either fed a control diet (Group C), fed a praziquantel-adsorbed diet (Group F), bathed in 100 ppm praziquantel for 4 min (Group B), or bathed in 100 ppm praziquantel for 4 min and then fed a praziquantel-adsorbed diet (Group BF). The results of the present study indicate that feeding a praziquantel-adsorbed diet significantly reduces the abundance of M. sebastis infestation, and bathing in 100 ppm praziquantel for 4 min is effective for controlling M. sebastis infestation in practical rockfish culture systems.     

Depletion of praziquantel in plasma and muscle tissue of cultured rockfish Sebastes schlegeli after oral and bath treatment

Depletion of praziquantel in plasma and muscle tissue after oral and bath treatments was studied in cultured rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. In the oral treatment, a single dose of 400 mg praziquantel kg(-1) body weight was administered by intubation of the stomach. A bath treatment at 100 ppm of praziquantel for 4 min was also carried out. Plasma and muscle tissue samples were collected at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 h post-treatment, and analyzed for praziquantel by reversed-phase HPLC using diazepam as the internal standard. Following oral treatment, praziquantel was detected in plasma and muscle tissue until 96 h after treatment. In plasma the praziquantel concentration was highest at the 9 h sampling time and declined sharply at the 48 h sampling point. The concentrations of praziquantel in the muscle tissue were lower than those in the plasma, and the highest value was found at the 9 h sampling time. Following bath treatment, praziquantel was found in plasma and muscle tissue until 72 and 24 h after treatment, respectively. In plasma the praziquantel concentration was highest at the 12 h sampling time and declined sharply thereafter. The concentrations of praziquantel in the muscle tissue were significantly lower than those in the plasma, and the concentrations declined consistently with time.     

Immunization of cultured juvenile rockfish Sebastes schlegeli against Microcotyle sebastis (Monogenea)

To determine whether immunization with Microcotyle sebastis antigen could induce protection against the parasite's establishment, naive juvenile rockfish were immunized by injection or immersion with whole worm antigen of M. sebastis. The infestation intensities of immunized groups following a challenge (2 wk after boosting) with 5000 M. sebastis eyed-eggs were significantly lower than those of control groups, when determined 7 wk postinfection. The fish in the groups boosted with M. sebastis antigen showed stronger protection than unboosted groups. The control group injected with FCA only showed a significantly smaller number of worms than the control group, which was immersed in PBS containing seawater. The results strongly suggest that both specific and nonspecific immune factors participate in the protection of rockfish against M. sebastis establishment.     

Efficacy of orally administered praziquantel against Zeuxapta seriolae and Benedenia seriolae (Monogenea) in yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi

We investigated the efficacy of praziquantel (PZQ) administered orally to yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi in sea-cage aquaculture in South Australia) against the monogeneans Zeuxapta seriolae and Benedenia seriolae infesting gills and skin, respectively. PZQ was administered to fish by surface-coating feed pellets (Trial 1) or by direct intubation of the stomach (Trial 2). In both trials 4 daily doses were administered: 50 and 75 mg kg(-1) body weight (BW) d(-1) for 6 d, and 100 and 150 mg kg(-1) BW d(-1) for 3 d. Mean parasite intensity was compared between medicated fish and unmedicated control fish. In Trial 1, fish fed lower daily doses of PZQ for 6 d (50 and 75 mg kg(-1) BW d(-1)) had fewer Z. seriolae and B. seriolae than fish fed higher daily doses for 3 d (100 and 150 mg kg(-1) BW d(-1)). Fish rejected feed pellets surface-coated with PZQ, suggesting PZQ affected palatability of feed, and may explain differences in efficacy between treatments. In Trial 2, where PZQ was administered by intubation, there were fewer Z. seriolae and B. seriolae in medicated fish than control fish. Intubated PZQ was also effective against newly recruited Z. seriolae and B. seriolae. PZQ could be developed as a useful treatment for Z. seriolae and B. seriolae parasitising S. lalandi in sea-cage aquaculture if suspected palatability problems are resolved.     

Efficacy of marbofloxacin for naturally occurring contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

The aim of the present study is to determine the efficacy of marbofloxacin used in goats with naturally occurring contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP). The study was performed in two groups (consisting of 15 animals in each group) with two different doses of 10% aqueous solution of marbofloxacin injected intramuscularly into the semitendinous muscle. 2 mg/kg BW for 3 days (total dose administered: 6 mg/kg BW) was injected to the first group (group 1) and 3 mg/kg for 2 times every other day (total dose administered: 6 mg/kg BW) was injected to the second group (group 2). Microbiological analyses revealed that the causative agent of the disease was Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. Cure rates for groups 1 and 2 were determined as 100% (15/15 goats) and 93% (14/15 goats), respectively. The results of this field trial suggest that marbofloxacin could be an effective drug against CCPP in goats.     

Altered response of strain of Schistosoma mansoni to oxamniquine and praziquantel

The susceptibility of a fourth generation Ouh strain (Paranapanema Valley, S?o Paulo, Brazil) of Schistosoma mansoni to oxamniquine (OXA) and praziquantel (PZQ) was studied. Ten groups of 13 female albino mice each were infected with 70 cercariae per animal. These mice were medicated orally on the 50th day after infection. Five groups were given OXA doses of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg (single doses) and the rest were treated with PZQ doses of 0, 100, 200, and 250 mg/kg/5 days. Each group was sub-divided: 8 animals underwent perfusion after 15 days treatment, 5 mice followed up for oviposition and their feces were tested every 15 days for miracidia hatching. The efficacy of the OXA doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg was 66% and 91.4%, respectively and for the 100 mg/kg PZQ dose it was 90.1%. The follow-up groups with 100 and 200 mg/kg of OXA and PZQ, 100 and 150 mg/kg, showed that they re-established the oviposition after a period of 60 to 75 days of treatment. The ED50 was 69.6 mg/kg OXA and 39.4 mg/kg PZQ. The results show the tolerance of the Ouh strain to a dose of 100 mg with both drugs and they appoint the need for a dose review during the follow up of the oviposition and in monitoring phenomena in the field.     

Effect of praziquantel together with artemether on Schistosoma japonicum parasites of different ages in rabbits

The efficacy of combined treatment with praziquantel and artemether against infection with Schistosoma japonicum was tested on infected rabbits, in which 7-to 14-day-old schistosomules and 42-day-old adult schistosomes were simultaneously present. Rabbits were treated orally with praziquantel and artemether using various dosages and schedules. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by estimating the mean total worm burden (TWB) and female worm burden (FWB) and comparing them with the worm burdens in control animals treated with praziquantel or artemether alone. When the rabbits received praziquantel in a single dose (50 mg/kg), or daily for 2-6 days (30-60 mg/kg), the TWB was reduced by 28-66% and the FWB by 26-65%. In rabbits treated with artemether the reductions were 44-56% and 35-54%, respectively. Treatment with praziquantel in combination with artemether resulted in a significantly greater reduction of worm burden than was found for the groups treated with praziquantel or artemether alone, using the same dosages and schedules. TWB was reduced by 79-92%, and FWB by 80-93%. The results demonstrated that when rabbits infected simultaneously with schistosomules and adult schistosomes were treated with praziquantel in combination with artemether, the effects of the individual drugs could be increased significantly.     

Pyrantel Embonate in Treatment of Hookworm Infestation

The efficacy of pyrantel embonate (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(trans-2-(2-thienyl)-vinyl)-pyrimidine embonic acid salt; Combantrin) was evaluated in 60 cases of hookworm infestation. They were divided into six groups of 10 cases. Pyrantel embonate was administered orally, in dosage schedules (randomized) of 100, 75, 50, 20, 15, and 10 mg/kg of body weight. The stool examination for hookworm ova and coproculture were positive in each case. The predominant species was Ancylostoma duodenale (in 58 patients). After treatment with pyrantel embonate the stool examination for hookworm ova and coproculture were negative on the 10th and 15th days in each group. The blood levels of the drug were significantly higher in patients receiving 100 and 75 mg/kg body weight. In groups A and B one patient experienced nausea and vomiting on the day of administration of drug. There were no abnormal changes in liver function tests or blood urea levels in any of the groups. Hence the optimum single dose of the drug effective against hookworm infestation is 10 mg/kg body weight, and further studies are required to evaluate the minimum effective dose of pyrantel embonate.     

Tempol suppresses micronuclei formation in astrocytes of newborn rats exposed to 50-Hz, 10-mT electromagnetic fields under bleomycin administration

A number of epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to environmental and occupational electromagnetic fields (EMFs) contribute to the induction of brain tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the mutagenetic effects of co-exposure to 50-Hz, 10-mT EMFs and bleomycin (BLM) using an ex vivo newborn rat astrocyte micronucleus assay. We also investigated whether the mutagenetic effects of EMFs were related to active oxygen species by using 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl (tempol), a superoxide radical scavenger. Three-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were co-exposed to 50-Hz EMFs and BLM (5 or 10mg/kg body weight (BW)) in each group (n=6; total 6 group), and were co-exposed to 50-Hz EMFs and 10mg/kg BW BLM with administration of 200μmol/kg BW tempol in each group (total 4 group). Brain cells were dissociated into single cells, cultured for 96h, incubated with an antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein, and stained with acridine orange. The frequency of micronucleated astrocytes was determined using a fluorescence microscope. The frequency of micronucleated astrocytes in the 10mg/kg BW bleomycin plus EMF exposure group (Mean±SD: 19.8±5.2‰) was 1.6 times higher than that in the 10mg/kg BW bleomycin plus sham-exposure group (Mean±SD: 12.7±3.3‰) (p<0.05). Analysis of the frequency of micronuclei in astrocytes after co-exposure to EMF and bleomycin for 72h and administration of tempol revealed that, in the EMF exposure group, the frequency of micronuclei in rats administered with 10mg/kg BW bleomycin and treated with tempol (Mean±SD: 11.2±1.9‰) was 40% of that in rats administered with the same dose of bleomycin and physiological saline (Mean±SD: 28.0±15.0‰) (p<0.01). Results of the current study suggested that the mechanism responsible for the elevated frequency of micronuclei in astrocytes of rats co-exposed to BLM and EMFs is related to active oxygen species.     

Experimental chemotherapy of schistosomiasis mansoni. XIII. Activity of praziquantel, an isoquinoline-pyrazino derivative, on mice, hamsters and Cebus monkeys.

In mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni, praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinoline-4-one), administered orally at the levels of 100 and 50 mg/kg, for 5 consecutive days, produces oogram changes in all animals and a pronounced hepatic shift of schistosomes (97.1 and 89.1, respectively). At lowest levels (12.5 and 6.3 mg/kg), alterations in the oogram could still be detected, although hepatic shift of schistosomes was no more evident. After a single intramuscular injection, the results obtained paralleled those observed with a single-dose oral treatment. The hepatic shift was only moderate at 200 and 100 mg/kg and the percentages of worms retained in the liver, after perfusion, were particularly low. When nasal route in a 1-day regimen was used, the results obtained were slightly less evident as compared with those observed by oral route (5-day schedule). Considering the percentage of oogram changes, the degree of hepatic shift of schistosomes and the percentage of worms fixed in the liver, the antischistosomal activity of praziquantel was greater in hamsters than in mice. Actually, a daily dose as low as 12.5 mg/kg, administered for 5 consecutive days, was sufficient to shift 60.4% of the worms towards the liver and to produce alterations of the oogram in 60% of the animals. In Cebus monkeys orally treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg of praziquantel, given 3 times within a single day (total doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively), a remarkable reduction in worm burden was observed. A single oral or intramuscular dose of 100 mg/kg was found to be curative. One Cebus doses with 100 mg/kg, by nasal spray, was found to harbor only female worms at autopsy performed 69 days after treatment.     

Efficacy of praziquantel in treating natural schistosome infections in common mergansers

Fifty-one common mergansers were captured on Douglas Lake (Cheboygan County, Michigan) and their avian schistosome loads were determined by fecal examination. Each bird was given a single dose of 0, 40, or 200 mg/kg of body weight of praziquantel and released. All birds were recaptured within 10 days of drug administration to determine posttreatment schistosome loads. Only the highest dose of praziquantel was found to significantly reduce avian schistosome loads. The potential use of praziquantel in swimmer's itch control programs is discussed.     

The effect of gastric cytoprotective drugs (atropine, cimetidine, vitamin-A) on the indomethacin induced intestinal ulcers in rats

The effect of various gastric cytoprotective drugs was studied on the development of indomethacin induced intestinal ulcers. CFY strain rats weighing 200-250 g were used. Indomethacin in a single dose of 20 mg/kg was given intragastrically in 1.5 ml. The animals received atropine (0.025-0.2-1.0 mg/kg), cimetidine (2.5-10-50 mg/kg) or vitamin-A(0.1-1.0-10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally in a single dose 15 min before the administration of indomethacin. In another study the animals received the same doses of atropine twice a day for 3 days. The small intestine was examined for lesions consisting of: (a) palpable nodules on the mesenteric attachement: (b) ulcers in the jejunum and ileum: (c) adhesions as a consequence of ulcer perforation. Neither histamin H2 receptor antagonists, anticholinergics, nor vitamin-A affected the number and the severity of the indomethacin induced intestinal ulcers. These results suggest that, whereas atropine, cimetidine and vitamin-A have a cytoprotecting effect in the stomach, it appears that they have no role in intestinal cytoprotection.     

Differential sensitivity of T suppressor cell expression to inhibition by histamine type 2 receptor antagonists

The ability of the histamine type 2 (H2) receptor antagonists cimetidine and oxmetidine to inhibit the immune suppression mediated by different types of murine T suppressor cells has been evaluated. Both compounds at doses as low as 1 mg/kg administered as a per os (p.o.) twice a day (b.i.d.) regimen abrogated the expression of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced, Lyt-2+, T suppressor cells and stimulated contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene in adoptive transfer experiments. Comparable inhibition of Lyt-1+, T suppressor cell activity induced by UV irradiation required higher doses of cimetidine and oxmetidine (200 and 25 mg/kg; p.o., b.i.d., respectively). In contrast, the T suppressor cell-mediated unresponsiveness induced by inoculation with a high dose of sheep red blood cells was refractory to treatment in vivo with either cimetidine or oxmetidine regardless of the dose. These results indicate that T suppressor cell populations differ markedly in their susceptibility to modulation by H2 antagonists. The histamine type 1 (H1) receptor antagonist diphenhydramine, had no effect on suppressor cell activity in any of these systems, indicating that modulation of suppressor cell activity is mediated through an H2 receptor interaction.     

Praziquantel, a new board-spectrum antischistosomal agent.

Praziquantel, (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexa-hydro-2H pyrazino[2,1a]isoquinolin-4-one, belongs to a new series of antischistosomal compounds. The results of a detailed study of the efficacy of praziquantel on Schistosoma mansoni in mice, Mastomys and Syrian hamsters are described. Praziquantel is effective after oral and all parenteral routes of administration tested. The amount of praziquantel required to achieve parasite reductions of at least 95% depends on the host species and on the routes and schedules of administration. Total doses range from 200--1,000 mg/kg in mice and from 100--500 mg/kg for Mastomys and hamsters. In all three species, splitting of the total dose into 3 or more fractional doses given within 1 day approximately doubles the efficacy over that achieved after a single oral administration of the same total dose. A single subcutaneous dose is only slightly more effective, whilst a single intramuscular injection in olive oil is about twice as effective as a single oral administration. Praziquantel is very effective against the invading stages and slightly less against schistosomules up to an age of 7 days. It is less effective against 2- to 4-week-old juveniles, but is effective again against 5-week-old and older schistosomes. Praziquantel is equally effective against both sexes of S. mansoni. It is less effective against unpaired and therefore juvenile female worms, but fully effective against single male worms. The efficacy of praziquantel on S. mansoni in mice is not influenced by the strain or the sex of the host, the worm burden or the age of the infection. Considering all data available, praziquantel promises to be a very potent antischistosomal drug.     

Effect of cysteamine hydrochloride on secretion of growth hormone in male swine.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) on growth hormone (GH) secretion in male swine. Twelve Poland China x Yorkshire boars, weighing 103.4 +/- 3.0 kg and fitted with indwelling jugular vein catheters, were individually penned in an environmentally controlled room. Boars received i.v. injections of either 0, 25, 50, or 75 mg CSH/kg body weight (BW) at h 0 (n = 3/treatment). Blood samples were collected every 15 min from h 0 to h 4. Serum concentrations of GH were determined by radioimmunoassay. There was an effect of treatment (P < .05) on mean GH concentrations. Mean GH concentrations (ng/ml) were 1.97 +/- .46, 2.24 +/- .59, .91 +/- .06, and .62 +/- .08 for boars receiving 0, 25, 50, and 75 mg CSH/kg BW, respectively. The dose of CSH-mean GH response had a linear (P < .01) component. Cysteamine hydrochloride at the 75 mg/kg BW dose decreased mean GH concentrations (P < .05) compared to the 0 and 25 mg/kg BW groups. The frequency and amplitude of GH pulses were similar (P > .1) among treatments. Overall, GH pulse amplitude was 2.35 +/- .58 ng/ml and GH pulse frequency was .75 +/- .07 pulses/h. Results from this experiment indicate that CSH suppresses circulating GH concentrations in a dose dependent fashion in boars.     

Protective effect of DL-alpha-lipoic acid on cyclophosphamide induced oxidative cardiac injury

Cyclophosphamide (CP), one of the most widely prescribed antineoplastic drugs could cause a lethal cardiotoxicity. The present study is aimed at evaluating the role of DL-alpha-lipoic acid (LA) in oxidative cardiac damage induced by CP. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four treatment groups. Two groups received single intraperitoneal injection of CP (200 mg/kg BW) to induce cardiotoxicity, one of these groups received LA treatment (25 mg/kg BW for 10 days). A vehicle treated control group and a LA drug control were also included. Cardiotoxicity, evident from increased activities of serum creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase in CP administered rats, was reversed by LA treatment. CP administered rats showed abnormal levels of enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase) and non-enzymic antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) along with high malondialdehyde levels. However, normalized lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defenses were reported in the LA treated rats. These findings highlight the efficacy of LA as a cytoprotectant in CP induced cardiotoxicity.     

Optimization of dose of collagen hydrolysate to prevent UVB-irradiated skin damage

Collagen hydrolysate (CH) was orally administered to UVB-irradiated hairless mice at doses of 20, 200–2000 mg/kg BW/day. The low dose of CH increased the skin hydration and reduced the transepidermal water loss on damaged skin. These results suggested the optimal dose of collagen to improve the UV-damaged skin condition.     

Prevention Effects and Possible Molecular Mechanism of Mulberry Leaf Extract and its Formulation on Rats with Insulin-Insensitivity

For centuries, mulberry leaf has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetes. This study aims to test the prevention effects of a proprietary mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and a formula consisting of MLE, fenugreek seed extract, and cinnamon cassia extract (MLEF) on insulin resistance development in animals. MLE was refined to contain 5% 1-deoxynojirimycin by weight. MLEF was formulated by mixing MLE with cinnamon cassia extract and fenugreek seed extract at a 6:5:3 ratio (by weight). First, the acute toxicity effects of MLE on ICR mice were examined at 5 g/kg BW dose. Second, two groups of normal rats were administrated with water or 150 mg/kg BW MLE per day for 29 days to evaluate MLE’s effect on normal animals. Third, to examine the effects of MLE and MLEF on model animals, sixty SD rats were divided into five groups, namely, (1) normal, (2) model, (3) high-dose MLE (75 mg/kg BW) treatment; (4) low-dose MLE (15 mg/kg BW) treatment; and (5) MLEF (35 mg/kg BW) treatment. On the second week, rats in groups (2)-(5) were switched to high-energy diet for three weeks. Afterward, the rats were injected (ip) with a single dose of 105 mg/kg BW alloxan. After four more days, fasting blood glucose, post-prandial blood glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured. Last, liver lysates from animals were screened with 650 antibodies for changes in the expression or phosphorylation levels of signaling proteins. The results were further validated by Western blot analysis. We found that the maximum tolerance dose of MLE was greater than 5 g/kg in mice. The MLE at a 150 mg/kg BW dose showed no effect on fast blood glucose levels in normal rats. The MLE at a 75 mg/kg BW dose and MLEF at a 35 mg/kg BW dose, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced fast blood glucose levels in rats with impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. In total, 34 proteins with significant changes in expression and phosphorylation levels were identified. The changes of JNK, IRS1, and PDK1 were confirmed by western blot analysis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential protective effects of MLE and MLEF against hyperglycemia induced by high-energy diet and toxic chemicals in rats for the first time. The most likely mechanism is the promotion of IRS1 phosphorylation, which leads to insulin sensitivity restoration.     

Toxicity profiling of the ethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seed in rats: behavioral,biochemical and histopathological aspects

Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae) is conventionally used for the treatment of urinary tract infection, renal stones, hypertension, diabetes and diarrhoea. Current study evaluates acute and 28 days repeated toxicity ethanolic extract of C. lanatus seed (EECLS) in Wistar rats to measure its safety profile. The single dose (2000 mg/kg BW) of EECLS was administered while in 28 days repeated study 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW were administered orally in rats. Parameters such as biochemical, haematological and histopathological were analysed in subacute toxicity study. During study, no apparent sign of toxicity, behavioural changes and mortality were detected in acutely exposed animals. In 28 days repeated toxicity study, rats did not show significant changes in behaviour, gross pathology, body weight, biochemical and haematological parameters. Abridged serum glucose and cholesterol levels during the study designate their roles in treatment of hyperglycaemic and hyperlipidaemic conditions. No significant difference was observed in histopathology of liver and kidneys of treated rats. The current investigation demonstrated that EECLS is non-toxic below 1000 mg/kg BW and provides protection to some body organs. The data propose that LD₅₀ of EECLS was greater than 2000 mg/kg BW and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of EECLS was at the dose of 1000 mg/kg in rats. Taken together, our finding suggests that, EECLS is safe and provides some protection to body organs; also, its extract can be used for further preclinical and clinical evaluation for its therapeutic activity.