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1.
Burachevskaya Marina Minkina Tatiana Fedorenko Alexey Fedorenko Grigory Chernikova Natalia Rajput Vishnu D. Mandzhieva Saglara Bauer Tatiana 《Plant and Soil》2021,461(1-2):91-105
Plant and Soil - Saprophytic fungi are important agents of soil mineralization and carbon cycling. Their community structure is known to be affected by soil conditions such as organic matter and... 相似文献
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Alain Ducos Pascal Dumont Anne Séguéla Alain Pinton Hélène Berland Corinne Brun-Baronnat Aafke Darré Brigitte Marquant-Le Guienne Patrice Humblot Didier Boichard Roland Darré 《遗传、选种与进化》2000,32(6):589-598
Three bulls of the Montbéliarde breed that exhibited fertility rates lower than 30% following more than 400 artificial inseminations were examined. Semen quality (sperm motility and morphology) from these bulls was normal. Fertilizing ability estimated from in vitro embryo production results was studied for two of them. In vitro production rate was very low for one bull (A) and normal for the other (B). Cytogenetic analyses were carried out on the three bulls using chromosome banding techniques. These analyses revealed a reciprocal translocation (12;17)(q22;q14) in bull B. Based on family analyses, the hypothesis of a de novo origin of this rearrangement is proposed. 相似文献
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Farré A Benito IL Cistué L de Jong JH Romagosa I Jansen J 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,122(5):1029-1037
This paper is concerned with a novel statistical–genetic approach for the construction of linkage maps in populations obtained
from reciprocal translocation heterozygotes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Using standard linkage analysis, translocations usually lead to ‘pseudo-linkage’: the mixing up of markers from the
chromosomes involved in the translocation into a single linkage group. Close to the translocation breakpoints recombination
is severely suppressed and, as a consequence, ordering markers in those regions is not feasible. The novel strategy presented
in this paper is based on (1) disentangling the “pseudo-linkage” using principal coordinate analysis, (2) separating individuals
into translocated types and normal types and (3) separating markers into those close to and those more distant from the translocation
breakpoints. The methods make use of a consensus map of the species involved. The final product consists of integrated linkage
maps of the distal parts of the chromosomes involved in the translocation. 相似文献
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Genetic selection for reciprocal translocation at chosen chromosomal sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5 下载免费PDF全文
We have constructed viable Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains containing a reciprocal translocation between the URA2 site of chromosome X and the HIS3 site of chromosome XV. Our methodology is an extension of the method originally developed to introduce an altered cloned sequence at the chromosomal location from which the parent sequence was derived (S. Scherer and R.W. Davis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76:4951-4955, 1979). It comprises three essential steps. First, a nonreverting ura2- strain was constructed by deleting a 3.7-kilobase fragment from the coding sequence of the wild-type URA2 gene. Second, part of the coding sequence of the wild-type URA2 gene (without promotor) was inserted at the HIS3 locus of the ura2- strain. Third, after several generations of growth on uracil-supplemented medium, ura2+ colonies were selected which resulted from mitotic recombination between the nonoverlapping deletions of URA2 located on chromosomes X and XV. 相似文献
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Iannuzzi L Molteni L Di Meo GP De Giovanni A Perucatti A Succi G Incarnato D Eggen A Cribiu EP 《Cytogenetics and cell genetics》2001,95(3-4):225-227
During normal cytogenetic investigations on the Chianina cattle (BTA) breed, a normal looking young bull was found to carry an abnormal Y chromosome which was a product of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes Y and 9. This was revealed by both CBA- and RBG-banding techniques and was clearly confirmed by FISH-mapping analysis with IDVGA50 (which paints the complete Yq arm in a normal Y), as well as with AMD1, CGA, IGF2R (mapping to BTA9q16, BTA9q22 and BTA9q27-->q28, respectively) and SRY (mapping to normal BTAYq23). Analysis on sperm from four different samples revealed azoospermia in the carrier, indicating that the rcp(Y;9) induces sterility in the bull. 相似文献
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Summary The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in the centromere of chromosomes involved in a whole-arm translocation t(1;19) was evaluated in altogether 911 metaphases of translocation carriers (n=5) and of normal controls (n=6). Comparison of the two groups reveals no significant differences in the SCE rate (x
2=3.06, n
f
=1). The question as to whether the possible increase of the SCE rate at the translocation point could be detected by light microscopy is discussed. Parameters included in the discussion are the ratio of the SCE frequency at the translocation point to the SCE frequency at any of the possible breakage points in the centromeric region and the number of possible breakage points in the centromeric region. 相似文献
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Trisomy 20p due to a paternal reciprocal translocation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A mentally retarded boy with multiple malformations was found to have trisomy for the distal two-thirds of the short arm of chromosome 20 (trisomy 20p), resulting from a paternal translocation (5;20)(p15;p11). The patient had a cleft palate, a feature not present in other trisomy 20p patients. A review of the reported trisomy 20p patients indicates that their varied features do no constitute a readily recognizable clinical syndrome. 相似文献
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Summary A procedure has been developed to isolate protoplasts from mature aleurone layers of the malting variety Alexis and four other barley genotypes. It combines induction of endogenous cell wall degrading enzymes together with use of Onuzuka cellulase R 10 and driselase and results in better yields for two varieties than can be obtained with the huskless variety Himalaya. The viability of the freshly isolated protoplasts is greater than 90% and in spite of the presence of gibberellic acid during isolation procedures, most of the protoplasts are at an early developmental stage, as judged by ultrastructure. Gibberellic acid-induced changes in protoplast structure resemble those reported for Himalaya protoplasts. The protoplasts secrete both -amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and (1-3, 1-4)--glucanase (EC 3.2.1.73) into the surrounding medium. Transfection studies using a low pI -amylase promoter to direct chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in aleurone protoplasts from Alexis and Himalaya revealed significant differences in their hormone responsiveness. In the absence of hormones, low levels of expression of the reporter enzyme were obtained in Alexis protoplasts, while high levels were characteristic for Himalaya protoplasts. An 8-fold increase in the expression of the reporter gene was induced by supplying the transfected Alexis protoplasts with gibberellin A3, whereas expression in Himalaya protoplasts remained unchanged. When Himalaya protoplasts were isolated from aleurone layers that had not been incubated with GA3 during the initial stages of protoplasting (the classical procedure), the hormone response of the promoter was 2.5-fold. It is thus possible to optimize the aleurone protoplast isolation procedure for different barley genotypes and mutants of interest in studies of transgenic gene expression and hormone induced secretion of proteins from this unique secretory plant tissue.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- APIM
aleurone protoplast isolation medium
- CAT
chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
- EDTA
ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
- ER
endoplasmic reticulum
- GA3
gibberellin A3
- IgG
immunoglobulin G
- MES
2-(N-morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PEG
polyethylene glycol
- pI
isoelectric point
- PIPES
piperazine N,N-bis-(diethanesulfonic acid)
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate 相似文献
11.
Benet J Oliver-Bonet M Cifuentes P Templado C Navarro J 《Cytogenetic and genome research》2005,111(3-4):281-290
Reciprocal translocations, the most frequent structural aberration in humans, are mainly transmitted by one of the parents. In order to analyze the chromosomal content of the spermatozoa from carriers of chromosomal reorganizations, two methods have been used, karyotyping of sperm chromosomes by the human-hamster system and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in decondensed sperm nuclei. In this work, we review 92 sperm chromosome segregation studies from 85 different reciprocal translocation carriers, including a triple translocation carrier. Using the human-hamster method, a total of 5,818 spermatozoa from 44 reciprocal translocation carriers have been analyzed, 43 of them carrying a single reciprocal translocation and one was a carrier of a double reciprocal translocation. A segregation analysis in a carrier of a t(2;22;11) has been also reported. Carrying out FISH in sperm nuclei, a total of 237,042 spermatozoa from 46 reciprocal translocation carriers have been analyzed. Six of these were also analyzed by the human-hamster system. Taking into account both methods, a total of 76 different reciprocal translocations have been studied. In 74 of these 76 translocations, the reorganization occurs between autosomes, and in the other two, the Y chromosome is involved. Although along general lines, there are similarities between the results obtained by the two methods of analysis, variations are observed when the distribution of the different types of segregations that produce imbalances is compared. As a general rule reciprocal translocation carriers produce more unbalanced sperm than normal or balanced sperm. The results reported also corroborate that the proportion of unbalanced forms depends on the characteristics of the reorganization and that it varies widely. Thus the importance of performing a detailed meiotic behavior analysis for each particular translocation in order to obtain enough information to give adequate genetic counseling is stressed. Aspects as to the possible overestimation of 3:1 segregations or the presence of interchromosomal effects still need to be elucidated. 相似文献
12.
P Jalbert 《Journal de génétique humaine》1988,36(1-2):3-14
Segregation modes of human reciprocal translocations are briefly described. Risk figures and mode of imbalance at term differ greatly from one translocation to another. The causes of these variations are analysed and a genetic counselling proposed for each case. 相似文献
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Segregation behavior of a reciprocal translocation involving the long arm of chromosome No. 1 and a microchromosome was studied in secondary spermatocytes and embryos produced by heterozygous cockerels. The types and frequencies of the various balanced and unbalanced chromosome complements were determined. Complementary products of segregation did not occur in the expected ratios of 1:1 in secondary spermatocytes. The excess of spermatocytes with deficiency of the long arm and duplication of the short arm might be the result of lagging of the long arm at meiosis I, the centromere of the long arm being derived from a microchromosome. In the samples of secondary spermatocytes and embryos 52.5% and 49.6%, respectively, contained balanced chromosome complements. A significantly higher proportion of duplications and deletions of the long arm was seen in embryos than in secondary spermatocytes. Conversely, a lower proportion of duplications and deletions of the short arm was seen in embryos than in secondary spermatocytes. Apparently, spermatogenic cells bearing different unbalanced genomic contents are not equally viable or fertile. 相似文献
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Summary A balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 1 and 3 was found in an infertile man. Meiotic analysis showed a ring quadrivalent in diakinesis and complete spermatogenic breakdown after the first meiotic division. 相似文献
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G Bourrouillou P Colombies P Blanc 《Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie et de ses filiales》1978,172(2):359-362
The authors report a case of partial trisomy 1 q due to a maternal balanced translocation : t(1 ; 4) (q 32 : p 16). The evocative malformations of trisomy 1 q and monosomy 4 p are discussed and compared to seven others from the literature. Then the interest of the chromosomical prenatal diagnosis and the significance of familial genetic studies are showed. 相似文献
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Partial trisomy 4 resulting from a 4-18 reciprocal translocation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination has posed a serious problem for safe food production and become a potential agricultural and
environmental hazard worldwide. In order to study the transport of Cd into the developing grains, detached ears of two-rowed
barley cv. ZAU 3 were cultured in Cd stressed nutrient solution containing the markers for phloem (rubidium) and xylem (strontium)
transport. Cd concentration in each part of detached spikes increased with external Cd levels, and Cd concentration in various
organs over the three Cd levels of 0.5, 2, 8 μM Cd on 15-day Cd exposure was in the order: awn > stem > grain > rachis > glume,
while the majority of Cd was accumulated in grains with the proportion of 51.0% relative to the total Cd amount in the five
parts of detached spikes. Cd accumulation in grains increased not only with external Cd levels but the time of exposure contrast
to stem, awn, rachis and glume. Those four parts of detached spike showed increase Cd accumulation for 5 days, followed by
sharp decrease till day 10 and increase again after 12.5 days. Awn-removal and stem-girdling markedly decreased Cd concentration
in grains, and sucrose or zinc (Zn) addition to the medium and higher relative humidity (RH) also induced dramatic reduction
in Cd transport to developing grains. The results indicated that awn, rachis and glume may involve in Cd transport into developing
grains, and suggested that Cd redistribution in maturing cereals be considered as an important physiological process influencing
the quality of harvested grains. Our results suggested that increasing RH to 90% and Zn addition in the medium at grain filling
stage would be beneficial to decrease Cd accumulation in grains. 相似文献