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1.
This study evaluated the ability of a hydrothermal time model (HTT) to describe the kinetics of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris cv. ‘Crimson sweet’) seed germination under different temperatures (T) and water potentials (ψ) and also to determine the cardinal temperatures of watermelon. Results indicated that ψ influenced germination rate and germination percentage. For this seed lot, cardinal temperatures were 10 °C for T b, 28.34 °C for T o and 40.8 °C for T c in the control (0 MPa) treatment. There was a decrease in hydrotime constant (θ H) when T was increased to T o and then remained constant at supra-optimal temperatures (30 MPah?1). Also, at temperatures above T o, ψ b(50) values increased linearly with T. The k T value (the slope of the relationship between ψ b(50) and T exceeds T o) of this seed lot was calculated as 0.076 MPa°Ch?1. Results this study show that when the HTT model is applied, it can accurately describe ψ b(g) and the course of germination around Ts (R 2 = 0.82). Moreover, the ψ b(50) was estimated to be ?0.96 MPa based on this model. Consequently, the germination response of watermelon for all Ts and ψs can be adequately described by the HTT model and enabling it to be used as a predictive tool in watermelon seed germination simulation models. 相似文献
2.
《Environmental and Experimental Botany》2005,53(1):49-63
The hydrothermal time model not only quantifies seed germination progress as affected by temperature and water potential, but also has ecological and biological significance. Assumptions of the hydrothermal time model were tested using two non-dormant seed collections of winterfat (Eurotia lanata) with two seed size classes. Winterfat is a native shrub with superior forage quality. Germination rates (GR) of subpopulations were estimated from germination time courses over a water potential range from 0 to −1.33 MPa at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C. Parameters of the hydrothermal time model were estimated from the relationships between GR and temperature at various water potentials and between GR and ψ at various temperatures. Model assumptions were tested using these estimated parameters. Results indicate that base temperature (Tb(50)) and base water potential (ψb(50)) of the 50% subpopulation were not independent of temperature and water potential. The ψb(50) was lowest at intermediate temperatures between 10 and 15 °C, while Tb decreased linearly with increasing water availability. The estimated shift rates of Tb(50) with ψ were between 2.18 and 3.81 °C MPa−1 for the two collections and large seeds had a greater shift rate than small seeds. Hydro time (θH) was constant among subpopulations only at optimal temperatures. A linear increase of θH with subpopulation was found at lower temperatures, especially at 2 °C. There were no significant differences in ψb(50) between large and small seeds, but significant differences were observed in hydrothermal time requirement (θHT(50)), which was lower at intermediate temperatures than at either lower or higher temperatures. The predictability of the hydrothermal time model was improved especially at low temperatures when θHT(50) was allowed to change with temperature as measured by a modified R2 value. Changes in other parameters with temperature or water potential did not further improve the predictability of the hydrothermal time model. Therefore, further efforts in improving the hydrothermal time model should focus on variations in θHT. 相似文献
3.
Sadegh Atashi Esmail Bakhshandeh Zeinab Zeinali Esmail Yassari Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2014,36(3):605-611
Seed germination is greatly influenced by both temperature (T) and water potential (ψ) and these factors largely determine germination rate (GR) in the field. Quantitative information about T and ψ effects on seed germination in lemon balm (Melisa officinalis L.) is scarce. The main objective of this study was to quantify seed germination responses of lemon balm to T and ψ, and to determine cardinal temperatures in a laboratory experiment. A segmented model was used to describe the effects of ψ (i.e., T) on GR and other germination parameters. The segmented model estimates were 7.2 °C for base (T b), 28.9 °C for optimum (T o), 40.1 °C for ceiling temperature (T c) and 1.64 physiological days (f o) (equivalent to a GRmax of 0.610 d?1 and a thermal time of 35.6 °C days) to reach 50 % maximum germination in the control (0 MPa) treatment (R 2 = 0.99, RMSE = 0.005 day?1). The inherent maximum rate of germination (days) was calculated by the [GRmax = 1/f o] model. ψ affected cardinal temperatures. From 0 to ?0.76 MPa, when ψ increased, T b was a constant 7.2 °C to ?0.38 MPa and increased linearly to 20.1 °C as ψ decreased. T o and f o increased linearly from 28.9 to 30 °C, and from 1.64 to 5.4 day?1, respectively as ψ decreased. However, there was no signification difference in T o as ψ decreased nor did T c decrease from 40.1 to 35 °C as ψ decreased. T b, T c and GRmax were the sole parameters affected by ψ and could be used to characterize differences between ψ treatments with respect to GR at various Ts. Therefore, the segmented model and its parameters can be used in lemon balm germination simulation models. 相似文献
4.
Cristina Patanè Alessandro Saita Ashraf Tubeileh Salvatore L. Cosentino Valeria Cavallaro 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2016,38(5):115
The effects of reduced water potential (ψ) on seed germination at 25 and 15 °C in unprimed (UP) and primed (P) seeds of two cultivars of sweet sorghum (cv. Keller and cv. Makueni local), were analyzed through the hydrotime model. Six ψ (from 0 to ?1.0 MPa) in polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) solutions were used for the tests. Seeds were primed in 250 g/L PEG solution at 15 °C for 48 h. Decreasing ψ of imbibition solution reduced and delayed germination. At 15 °C seeds germinated less and slower than at 25 °C at any ψ. Seeds of cv. Makueni local exhibited a greater sensitivity to water stress in terms of germination percentage, than seeds of cv. Keller, but they were faster in germination. Osmopriming was beneficial for seed germination, both in terms of final percentage and rate, at any temperature and ψ. The hydrotime analysis revealed that predicted θ H constant was increased when temperature was reduced to 15 °C and at this temperature median base water potential [ψ b(50)] for germination was higher (less negative) than at 25 °C. Seed priming shifted ψ b(50) towards more negative values and reduced θ H requirements for germination. At 25 °C the two cultivars behaved similarly while at 15 °C cv. Keller exhibited a ψ b more negative but required a greater θ H to germinate, indicating a greater water-stress tolerance but a slower germination, than cv. Makueni local. The application of the model allows to identify water stress tolerant cultivars during germination, to include into breeding programs for the selection of well-performing cultivars under stress conditions. 相似文献
5.
《Acta Oecologica》1999,20(1):61-66
Variation in seed size is common both within and among plant species. This study examined within-species variation in seed weight, and its implications for some components of fitness in the clonal herb Convallaria majalis. This species produces berries containing 4.1 seeds on average. The average seed weight was 16.5 mg, with a coefficient of variation of 32.7%. Seed packaging in fruits was on average 12.5%, and showed a slight tendency to increase with fruit weight. A trade-off was found between seed weight and seed number both within fruits and within ramets. The probability and timing of germination was not influenced by seed size. A field experiment and indirect evidence suggested that post-dispersal seed predation was not related to seed size. Increasing seed weight conferred an advantage to developing seedlings. This advantage was enhanced if a seedling was growing in the close vicinity of a seedling of another species. It is suggested that seed size variation in C. majalis primarily is the result of resource variation during fruit development. A conflict between parents and offspring may however contribute to increase seed size variation. 相似文献
6.
This experiment was arranged to investigate the ability of hydrotime model (θH) for estimating soybean seed germination (cv. ‘JK’) under different accelerated aging periods (AAP, 0, 24, 48, and 72 h) at each of the following water potentials (ψ, 0, ??0.12, ??0.24, and ??0.36 MPa). Results indicated that both germination percentage (GP) and germination rate (GR) significantly influenced by ψ, AAP, and their interactions (P?<?0.01). GP and GR decreased by 62.6 and 47.3% with longer AAP from 0 to 72 h and by 90.7 and 81.5% with lower ψ from zero to ??0.36 MPa as compared to the control, respectively. Therefore, the effect of ψ on GP and GR was more than AAP. The θH value was constant (~?6.71 MPa h?1) till 50.6 h AAP and then linearly declined with the rate of 0.1545 MPa h?1 per hour increase in AAP until 72 h (~?50% lower than its initial value). The ψb(50) value was ? 0.343 MPa in the control and then increased (became more positive) by ~?70% until 72 h AAP (? 0.104 MPa). In general, GP and GR of soybean declined with the increasing ψb(50) which can be due to cell membrane damage and reduce the activity of enzymes and organelles during AAP. Based on our findings, the θH model could describe well these relationships and their parameters can nicely be used for simulating soybean seed germination under this condition. 相似文献
7.
Background and Aims
In neotropical forests, very small-seeded pioneer species (<0·1 mg seed mass) recruit preferentially in small tree fall gaps and at gap edges, but large-seeded pioneers do not. Since water availability is related to gap size, these differences in microsite preference may reflect in part species-specific differences in germination at reduced water potentials.Methods
For 14 neotropical pioneer species, the hypothesis is tested that small-seeded species, with shallow initial rooting depths, reduce the risks associated with desiccation by germinating more slowly and at higher water potentials than large-seeded species.Key Results
Germination occurred both more quickly and at lower water potentials with increasing seed mass. For example, Ochroma pyramidale (seed mass 5·5 mg) had a time to 50 % germination (T50) of 2·8 d and a median base potential for germination (ψb50) of −1·8 MPa while Clidemia quinquenervia (seed mass 0·017 mg) had a T50 of 17·6 d and ψb50 of −1·1 MPa.Conclusions
These data suggest that small-seeded species germinate only in comparatively moist microsites, such as small canopy gaps, which may reduce the risk of drought-induced mortality. Conversely, large-seeded species are able to germinate in the drier environment of large gaps, where they benefit by enhanced seedling growth in a high irradiance environment. The positive association of seed size and canopy gap size for optimal seedling establishment is maintained by differential germination responses to soil water availability coupled with the scaling of radicle growth rate and seed size, which collectively confer greater drought tolerance on large-seeded species.Key words: Germination, seed size, Panamá, neotropical, pioneer, water potential 相似文献8.
Temperature (T) and water potential (y) are two primary environmental regulators of seed germination. Seeds exhibit a base or minimum T for germination (Tb), an optimum T at which germination is most rapid (To), and a maximum or ceiling T at which germination is prevented (Tc). Germination at suboptimal T can be characterized on the basis of thermal time, or the T in excess of Tb multiplied by the time to a given germination percentage (tg). Similarly, germination at reduced y can be characterized on a hydrotime basis, or tg multiplied by the y in excess of a base or threshold y that just prevents germination (yb). Within a seed population, the variation in thermal times to germination among different seed fractions (g) is based on a normal distribution of yb values among seeds (yb(g)). Germination responses across a range of suboptimal T and y can be described by a general hydrothermal time model that combines the T and y components, but this model does not account for the decrease in germination rates and percentages when T exceeds To. We report here that supra‐optimal temperatures shift the ψb(g) distribution of a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seed population to more positive values, explaining why both germination rates and percentages are reduced as T increases above To. A modified hydrothermal time model incorporating changes in ψb(g) at T > To describes germination timing and percentage across all T and ψ at which germination can occur and provides physiologically relevant indices of seed behaviour. 相似文献
9.
《Acta Oecologica》2000,21(2):119-124
I tested predictions of the hypothesis that a longer seed passage time through the gut of the lizard Podarcis lilfordi enhances germination performance in the plant Withania frutescens. I compared germination success and germination time between seeds that were ingested by lizards and control seeds that were not. I also explored relationships between natural variation in seed passage time and germination performance. Germination success did not differ between ingested (63 %) and non-ingested seeds (56 %); there was no significant relationship between germinability and retention time. Germination time did not differ between ingested and non-ingested seeds, and was unrelated to retention time. Hence, I found no support for the hypothesis that prolonged retention times should improve germination performance. In addition, this is a pilot study stressing the importance of reptiles as seed dispersers, at least in certain habitats. 相似文献
10.
Background and Aims
The competition–colonization trade-off theory postulates that the competitive and colonizing abilities of organisms are negatively related; this trade-off has been proposed as a major force in the maintenance of diversity. In plants, the competition–colonization trade-off is often considered to result from variation in resource partitioning, thus generating heavy competitive (non-dispersing) seeds and light (dispersing) non-competitive seeds. Here, the possibility is explored that early germination provides a competitive advantage, thus mediating competitive interactions.Methods
Using eight populations of the heterocarpic species Crepis sancta (Asteraceae), the possibility was tested that dispersing and non-dispersing achenes differ in germination timing, and the impact of early germination on individual fitness components was analysed in the context of intraspecific competition. To evaluate whether seed reserve varies among achene types, endosperm size was also measured by analysing photographs of cross-sections taken under a binocular microscope.Key Results and Conclusions
The results show that non-dispersing achenes germinated 4 d earlier (on average) than dispersing achenes. It is also shown that early germination provides a positive advantage for the survival and final biomass of individuals, a pattern that was consistent over the eight populations and independent of achene type. Dispersing and non-dispersing achenes did not differ in terms of seed reserve (endosperm size). It is proposed that germination phenology may mediate the competition–colonization trade-off in Crepis sancta and the evolutionary significance of this phenomenon is discussed. 相似文献11.
为明确黄土丘陵沟壑区植物种子库如何调控种子萌发来提高个体适合度,选择研究区7种具有种子库的主要物种为研究对象,以刚成熟和室内储存种子为对照,比较植冠宿存(5个宿存期)和土壤埋藏(5a埋藏期)对植物种子萌发特性的影响,探讨植冠种子库与土壤种子库储存下的种子萌发策略。结果表明:7种植物种子经过不同种子库储存后萌发特性表现出明显的种间差异,黄刺玫(Rosa xanthina)和水栒子(Cotoneaster multiflorus)种子萌发力表现为植冠宿存不变型、土壤储存增强型,土壤储存明显提高水栒子种子萌发速率;达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)和狼牙刺(Sophora davidii)种子萌发力表现为植冠宿存增强型、土壤储存减弱型,种子萌发历时表现为植冠宿存延长型,土壤种子库储存还可加快达乌里胡枝子萌发速率、缩短萌发历时;茭蒿(Artemisia giralaii)和铁杆蒿(Artemisia gmelinii),种子萌发率随植冠宿存时间先升高后降低,随土壤储存时间先降低后升高,土壤储存可推迟其萌发,铁杆蒿种子萌发速率在植冠与土壤储存后均加快;紫丁香(Syringa oblata)种子萌发率随植冠宿存先升高后降低,土壤储存明显加快其种子启动萌发与速率。在黄土丘陵沟壑区,植物种子经过植冠或土壤种子库储存,或增加、加快、提早萌发充分利用有利条件提高占据性,或减少、减缓、推迟萌发分摊不利条件的风险;而且该区植物植冠与土壤储存后种子萌发特性间的关系,体现各自适应环境与应对干扰的分工与协作策略,主要表现为:单一主导型和相辅相成型。 相似文献
12.
Tree seed retention is thought to be an important factor in the process of forest community regeneration. Although dense understory dwarf bamboo has been considered to have serious negative effects on the regeneration of forest community species, little attention has been paid to the relationship between dwarf bamboo and seed retention. In a field experiment we manipulated the density of Fargesia decurvata, a common understory dwarf bamboo, to investigate the retention of seeds from five canopy tree species in an evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Jinfoshan National Nature Reserve, SW China. We found that the median survival time and retention ratio of seeds increased with the increase in bamboo density. Fauna discriminately altered seed retention in bamboo groves of different densities. Arthropods reduced seed survival the most, and seeds removed decreased with increasing bamboo density. Birds removed or ate more seeds in groves of medium bamboo density and consumed fewer seeds in dense or sparse bamboo habitats. Rodents removed a greater number of large and highly profitable seeds in dense bamboo groves but more small and thin-husked seeds in sparse bamboo groves. Seed characteristics, including seed size, seed mass and seed profitability, were important factors affecting seed retention. The results suggested that dense understory dwarf bamboo not only increased seeds concealment and reduced the probability and speed of seed removal but also influenced the trade-off between predation and risk of animal predatory strategies, thereby impacting the quantity and composition of surviving seeds. Our results also indicated that dense understory dwarf bamboo and various seed characteristics can provide good opportunities for seed storage and seed germination and has a potential positive effect on canopy tree regeneration. 相似文献
13.
ROBERT E L NAYLOR 《The Annals of applied biology》1993,123(2):379-390
Seed was obtained from two adjacent trials of wheat (cv. Avalon) and triticale (cv. Lasko) harvested in 1990. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of five levels of spring nitrogen (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1) with fungicide treatments designed to control foliar diseases. Seed was graded by size into different fractions. Application of foliar fungicides to the parent plant increased the proportion of large seed in wheat but not in triticale. Fungicide application had no effect on seed vigour (quantified as the value of K; after controlled deterioration), final germination, median germination time (t50) or rate of germination. Parent plant nutrition altered the proportions of seed in different size categories in triticale and wheat. In laboratory germination tests, final germination of wheat increased with seed size. Large (> 3.0 mm diameter) wheat seed from plots receiving 50 kg N ha“1 had a lower final germination than large seed from plots which had received greater amounts of nitrogen, but t50 and K; were similar for all nitrogen levels. In triticale, the higher the seed weight, the higher the final germination, the faster the rate and the higher the Ki. Final germination, t50 and K;, were all positively correlated with the amount of nitrogen received by the parent plants. Parent plant nutrition had no effect on the response to temperature of final germination, t50, or rate of germination for large or small seeds of both wheat and triticale. 相似文献
14.
- Helichrysum microphyllum subsp. tyrrhenicum (Asteraceae) is an endemic taxon of Sardinia and Corsica, where it grows at different altitudes. The objective of this study was to investigate the seed traits and germination behaviour of four Sardinian populations of this taxon located at different altitudes.
- Seed traits were evaluated, and germination tests were carried out by incubating seeds at a range of constant (5–30 °C) and alternating (25/10 °C) temperatures. The dry after‐ripening (DAR) pre‐treatment was also applied by storing seed in dry conditions for 3 months at 25 °C. Seed traits and germination behaviour data were statistically analysed to identify if there was a correlation with altitude.
- Differences in seed size, area and mass among populations were recorded, however, no relationship was found with altitude. High germination percentages were obtained in all populations, both in untreated and DAR seeds, and were positively affected by alternating temperatures. The final germination percentage and time required to reach 50% final germination (T50) showed no relationship with altitude.
- The differences in seed traits and germination detected among the studied populations of H. microphyllum subsp. tyrrhenicum were not correlated with altitude. This study provides new and important knowledge for this taxon. H. microphyllum subsp. tyrrhenicum is characterised by high germination percentages and low T50 values and does not seem to require any dormancy‐breaking treatment. This species represents a high‐potential native plant species that should be considered within environmental management plans.
15.
P.E. Gundel L.A. Garibaldi M.A. Martínez-Ghersa C.M. Ghersa 《Basic and Applied Ecology》2012,13(1):32-39
Plant fitness is enhanced by resource allocation to seed number (offspring number) or weight (offspring survival). Besides, there is a well known trade-off in resource allocation between both traits. Symbiotic interactions can influence plant resource allocation to reproduction, yet little research has been performed in this direction. We studied the consequences of a grass–fungus symbiosis on the trade-off between seed number and weight, using Lolium multiflorum and the endophyte Neotyphodium occultans as our study system. In ecological terms, we experimentally removed N. occultans from L. multiflorum plants, and compared reproductive allocation to seed number and weight in endophyte-symbiotic vs. non-symbiotic plants at different levels of nutrient availability (small pots vs. large pots). In evolutionary terms, we compared reproductive allocation between symbiotic vs. non-symbiotic plants for different host genotypes. All plants showed a negative association between seed number and weight, once standardized for total reproductive biomass. Under high nutrient availability, endophyte-symbiotic plants showed higher seed weight than non-symbiotic plants for any seed number. However, no differences were observed under low nutrient availability. Endophyte influence also varied according to L. multiflorum genotype; specifically, endophyte-symbiotic plants showed a lower slope in the relationship between seed number and weight than non-symbiotic plants for the ‘Marshall’ genotype but no endophyte influence was found for the “Pampean” genotype. The results implied a higher plasticity in seed weight and lower plasticity in seed number for symbiotic plants. Indeed, endophyte-symbiotic plants showed an overall lower slope in the association between seed number and total reproductive biomass than non-symbiotic plants. Our results suggest that N. occultans induces heavier seeds in L. multiflorum plants under environmental conditions favorable to plant growth or for certain plant genotypes. We propose that symbiotic interactions may influence the evolution of seed number and weight trade-off. 相似文献
16.
Background and Aims
A fundamental element in the evolution of obligate root-parasitic angiosperms is their ability to germinate only in response to chemical stimulation by roots, to ensure contact with a nearby nourishing host. The aim of this study was to explore inheritance of the unique germination control in this group of plants.Methods
Analysis was made of the segregation of spontaneous (non-induced) germination that appeared in hybrid progenies derived from crosses between Orobanche cernua and O. cumana, which, like all other Orobanche species, are totally dependent on chemical stimulation for the onset of germination, and show negligible spontaneous germination in their natural seed populations.Key Results and Conclusions
F1 and F2 seeds did not germinate in the absence of chemical stimulation, but significant spontaneous germination was found in some F3 seed families. This indicates that the prevention of non-induced germination in Orobanche seeds, i.e. dependence on an external chemical stimulation for seed germination, is genetically controlled, that this genetic control is expressed in a seed tissue with maternal origin (presumably the perisperm that originates from the nucellus) and that genetic variation for this trait exists in Orobanche species. Similar segregation results were obtained in reciprocal crosses, suggesting that stimulated germination is controlled by nuclear genes. 相似文献17.
The value of the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) germination test in estimating levels of variation in embryo length between carrot seed lots was examined. For the two groups of seed lots used, the coefficient of variation (c.v.) of embryo length ranged from 16 to 50%. The c.v. of embryo length was negatively correlated with the numbers of normal seedlings counted after 7 days of germination at 20°C, rs= - 0·72 D.F. 12 and - 0·82, D.F. 15 for the two groups of seed lots used. Provided the relationship between these two characters is established for each laboratory, it is likely to be useful in identifying seed lots of potentially low c.v. of embryo length. 相似文献
18.
JuHong Wang Wen Chen Carol C. Baskin Jerry M. Baskin XianLiang Cui Yong Zhang WeiYa Qiang GuoZhen Du 《Ecological Research》2012,27(2):453-465
We have examined the seed germination strategy of 86 subalpine woody species from the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau
and assessed correlations between seed germination and phylogeny, life-history attributes, habitat, and altitude using stepwise
analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and phylogenetically independent contrasts (PICs). A series of ANOVAs revealed that the total
amount of variance in the arcsine-transformed value of germination percentage among species could be accounted for by phylogeny
(19.2%) and dispersal mode (14.3%) in seeds incubated in the light and by phylogeny (29.3%) and dispersal mode (11.0%) in
those incubated in the dark. In addition, the total amount of variance in T50 (days to half of the final germination) can
be accounted for by phylogeny (22.7%) and dispersal mode (17%) in seeds incubated in the light and by phylogeny (32.1%) and
dispersal mode (9.9%) in those incubated in the dark. PICs indicated a significant correlation between germination percentage
and dispersal mode and a positive correlation between T50 and seed mass, showing that wind-dispersed seeds had higher germination
percentages than both unassisted and vertebrate-dispersed seeds and that small seeds germinated faster than large ones. We
suggest that phylogeny and dispersal mode may constrain variation in seed germination across species and that the speed of
germination and seed mass may co-vary to adapt to a variable environment. Therefore, from an evolutionary perspective, seed
germination might be the result of both selective pressures over long-term ecological time and phylogenetic constraints over
the long-standing evolutionary history of the phylogenetic group. 相似文献
19.
Esmaeil Bakhshandeh Mohsen Jamali Esmaeil Afshoon Mobina Gholamhossieni 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2017,39(11):250
To quantify both temperature (T) and water potential (ψ) effects on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed germination (SG) and also to determine the cardinal T s for this plant, a laboratory experiment was carried out using hydrothermal time model (HTT). For this purpose, four sesame cultivars (‘Asbomahalleh’, ‘Darab’, ‘Dashtestan’ and ‘Yellowhite’) were germinated at seven constant T s (20, 25, 30, 35, 37, 39 and 43 °C) at each of the following ψ s (0, ? 0.12, ? 0.24 and ? 0.36 MPa; provided by PEG 8000). Germination rate (GR) and germination percentage (GP) significantly influenced by ψ, T and their interactions in all cultivars (P ≤ 0.01). There was no significant difference, based on the confidence intervals of the model coefficients, between cultivars, so an average of cardinal T s was 14.7, 35.4 and 47.2 °C for the minimum (T b), optimum (T o) and maximum (T c) T s, respectively, in the control condition (0 MPa). Hydrotime values in all cultivars decreased when T was increased to T o and then remained constant at T s > T o (15 MPa h?1). An average value of ψ b(50) was estimated to be ? 1.23 MPa at T s ≤ T o and then increased linearly (0.1041 MPa°Ch?1, the slope of the relationship between ψ b(50) and supra-optimal T s) with T when T s increased above T o and finally reached to zero at T c. The T b and T o values were not influenced by ψ, but T c value decreased (from 47.2 for zero to 43.5 °C for ? 0.36 MPa) at supra-optimal T s as a result of the effect of ψ on GR. Based on our findings, this model (as a predictive tool) and or the estimated parameter values in this study can easily be used in sesame SG simulation models to quantitatively characterize the physiological status of sesame seed populations at different T s and ψ s. 相似文献
20.