An error in the typification of Aristolochia watsoni Wooton and Standley

Aristolochia watsoni Wooton and Standley is shown to be the correct name forA. porphyrophylla Pfeifer, andA. lassa I. M. Johnst. the correct name forA. watsoni, sensu Pfeifer.     

Studies of New Zealand Hepaticae. 1–6

Six New Zealand species are treated. 1. The correct basionym reference forBazzania hochstetteri (Reichardt) Hodgson is Reichardt (1866). A key to the New Zealand vittate species ofBazzania is included. 2. The correct citation forBazzania mittenii (Stephani) Stephani is given. 3.Lepidozia leptodictyon Herzog is placed in the synonymy ofPseudocephalozia lepidozioides R. Schuster. 4.Metahygrobiella chilensis Engel & Schuster is a new name forCephalozia heteroica Schuster & Engel. 5.Metzgeria alpina Schuster & Engel is described as new. 6. The correct citation forPachyglossa Herzog is Herzog (1952).     

Meiosis in Mesostoma ehrenbergii ehrenbergii (Turbellaria,Rhabdocoela)

At metaphase I of meiosis in spermatocytes of Mesostoma ehrenbergii ehrenbergii [2n=10] three bivalents and four univalents form. The same two chromosome pairs always form the univalents. Analysis of metaphase I, anaphase I and metaphase II configurations in fixed testis material suggested that the distribution of the four univalents is not a random process but the correct segregation of one member of each pair to each pole is actively achieved before the end of metaphase I. In live preparations of testis material univalents were observed to move between the poles of metaphase I cells, eventually reaching the correct segregation. All cells observed to enter anaphase I had the correct segregation of univalents. It is proposed that the univalent movement during metaphase I is directed towards obtaining the correct segregation of univalents before the cells enter anaphase.     

On Choosing Among Several Experimental Treatments and a Control

The two classical selection approaches in comparing experimental treatments with a control are combined to form an integrated approach. In this integrated approach, there is a preference zone (PZ) and an indifference zone (IZ), and the concept of a correct decision (CD) is defined differently in each of these zones. In the PZ, we are required to select the best treatment for a correct decision (CD₁) but in the IZ, we define any selected subset to be correct (CD₂) if it contains the best treatment among all the experimental treatments and the controlled treatment. We propose a single-stage procedure R to achieve the selection goals CD₁ and CD₂ simultaneously with certain probability requirements. It is shown that both the probability of a correct decision under PZ, P(CD₁ | PZ), and the probability of a correct decision under IZ, P(CD₂ | IZ), satisfy some monotonicity properties and the least favorable configuration in PZ and the worst configuration in IZ are derived by these properties. We also derive formulas for the probabilities of correct decision and provide a brief table to illustrate the magnitude of the procedure parameters and the common sample sizes needed for various probability requirements and configurations.     

The development of the Jamming Avoidance Response (JAR) in Eigenmannia: An innate behavior indeed

Summary In its Jamming Avoidance Response (JAR), the gymnotiform electric fish Eigenmannia shifts its electric organ discharge (EOD) frequency away from similar interfering frequencies. Continual behavioral measurements were carried out in 164 juvenile fish until a correct JAR emerged. Sixty-four of these fish were raised in complete isolation, the remainder in a community of their siblings. A correct JAR emerged in fish of 1.2–1.6 cm in body length, corresponding to a developmental age of 24–32 days. In 6 of 164 fish, the emergence of a correct JAR followed an interim appearance of an incorrect JAR, which involved frequency shifts in the direction opposite to those of a correct JAR. The fish raised in isolation developed the same forms of behavior and showed the same sequence in their appearance as did socially raised fish. This indicates that the JAR and its developmental schedule are innate. The appearance of an incorrect JAR suggests initial errors or incompleteness in the wiring of central nervous connections. A correct JAR ultimately emerged even if a stimulus regimen was offered that rewarded frequency shifts in the direction opposite to those of a correct JAR. This indicates that the development of the JAR is immune to experimental alterations of sensory experience.Abbreviations Df frequency difference between a jamming stimulus and fish's EOD - ELL electrosensory lateral line lobe - EO electric organ - EOD electric organ discharge - JAR Jamming Avoidance Response - nE nucleus electrosensorius - nE subnucleus of nE, causing drop of EOD frequency - nE subnucleus of nE, causing rise of EOD frequency - Pn pacemaker nucleus - PPn prepacemaker nucleus     

Accurate kinetic parameter estimation during progress curve analysis of systems with endogenous substrate production

We have identified an error in the published integral form of the modified Michaelis–Menten equation that accounts for endogenous substrate production. The correct solution is presented and the error in both the substrate concentration, S, and the kinetic parameters V_m, K_m, and R resulting from the incorrect solution was characterized. The incorrect integral form resulted in substrate concentration errors as high as 50% resulting in 7–50% error in kinetic parameter estimates. To better reflect experimental scenarios, noise containing substrate depletion data were analyzed by both the incorrect and correct integral equations. While both equations resulted in identical fits to substrate depletion data, the final estimates of V_m, K_m, and R were different and K_m and R estimates from the incorrect integral equation deviated substantially from the actual values. Another observation was that at R = 0, the incorrect integral equation reduced to the correct form of the Michaelis–Menten equation. We believe this combination of excellent fits to experimental data, albeit with incorrect kinetic parameter estimates, and the reduction to the Michaelis–Menten equation at R = 0 is primarily responsible for the incorrectness to go unnoticed. However, the resulting error in kinetic parameter estimates will lead to incorrect biological interpretation and we urge the use of the correct integral form presented in this study. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2499–2503. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A novel approach to field identification of cryptic Apodemus wood mice: calls differ more than morphology

Field identification of European wood mice Apodemus spp. is challenging due to their morphological resemblance and frequent sympatry. We developed discriminant functions based on body mass and acoustic variables of distress calls to identify three cryptic species of wood mice (Apodemus alpicola, Apodemus flavicollis and Apodemus sylvaticus) in Italy. We achieved an overall correct classification rate of 86–98%; the best results (100% correct classification) were obtained for Apodemus sylvaticus calls. This minimally invasive, effective and low‐cost method highlights the potential role of bioacoustics as a powerful tool for field discrimination of cryptic species of terrestrial mammals.     

Comparative taxonomy of desert truffles of the Australian outback and the African Kalahari

An error in correcting page proofs of a previous paper led to an invalid new combination, Mattirolomyces westraliensis. Here the correct new combination, Mattirolomyces austroafricanus, is validated.     

Memory for spatial and object-specific cues in food-storing and non-storing birds

Two storer/non-storer pairs of species, marsh tit (Parus palustris)/blue tit (P. caeruleus) and jay (Garrulus glandarius)/jackdaw (Corvus monedula) were compared on a one-trial associative memory task. In phase I of a trial birds searched for a reward in one of four feeders which differed in their trial-unique spatial location and object-specific cues. Following a retention interval, the birds had to return to the same feeder to obtain a further reward. In control trials the array of feeders was unaltered, whilst in dissociation tests it was transformed to separate spatial location and object-specific cues.In control trials there was no difference in performance between species. In dissociation tests, the two storing species went first to the correct spatial location and second to the correct object-specific cues, whereas the two non-storing species went first with equal probability to the correct spatial and local object cues.Monocular occlusion was used to investigate differences between the two eye-systems. In control trials there was no effect of occlusion. In dissociation trials, all 4 species preferentially returned to the feeder with the correct object-specific cue when the left eye had been covered in phase I and to the feeder in the correct spatial position when the right eye had been covered in phase I.These results suggest that (a) food-storing birds differ from non-storers in responding preferentially to spatial information and (b) in storers and non-storers the right eye system shows a preference for object-specific cues and the left eye system for spatial cues.     

Centaurea tchihatcheffii Fischer & C.A. Meyer (Asteraceae)

Centaurea tchihatcheffii is a steppic annual possessing some unique features absent in other Centaureas. The chromosome number is 2n = 20, differing from all other annual species of Centaurea sect. Cyanus. The type locality as published is erroneous and the correct provenance is provided.     

Evaluation of the 2‐(1‐Hexyloxyethyl)‐2‐devinyl pyropheophorbide (HPPH) mediated photodynamic therapy by macroscopic singlet oxygen modeling [J. Biophotonics 9, No. 11–12, 1344–1354 (2016)]

In the article by R. Penjweini, M. M. Kim et al. (doi: 10.1002/jbio.201600121 ), published in J. Biophotonics 9, 1344–1354 (2016), the constants C₀₁, C₀₂, b₁, and b₂ determined from fitting the fluorescence single value decomposition (SVD) for phantoms with different optical properties and the corresponding Figure 2(a) are not correct. This erratum is published to correct the Section 2.3 and Figure 2(a).     

William Roxburgh’s eye plant and its relevance in the nomenclature of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phaeanthus</Emphasis> (Annonaceae)

An attempt is made to discover the identity and correct name for Uvaria tripetala Roxb., Uvaria tripetala Blanco, Phaeanthus nutans Hook. f. & Thomson and Uvaria ophthalmica Roxb. ex G. Don (Annonaceae). It is concluded that all but one belong to what has been called Phaeanthus ebracteolatus (C. Presl) Merr., which must now be referred to correctly as Phaeanthus ophthalmicus (Roxb. ex G. Don) J. Sinclair. The correct name for the species that has generally been called Phaeanthus nutans or Phaeanthus ophthalmicus is Phaeanthus intermedius (P. Parm.) I. M. Turner & Veldkamp. Typification of these names and their known synonyms is presented. This includes four new lectotypifications and the designation of two new epitypes and one new neotype.     

Staphylococcus aureus requires at least one FtsK/SpoIIIE protein for correct chromosome segregation

Faithful coordination between bacterial cell division and chromosome segregation in rod‐shaped bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, is dependent on the DNA translocase activity of FtsK/SpoIIIE proteins, which move DNA away from the division site before cytokinesis is completed. However, the role of these proteins in chromosome partitioning has not been well studied in spherical bacteria. Here, it was shown that the two Staphylococcus aureus FtsK/SpoIIIE homologues, SpoIIIE and FtsK, operate in independent pathways to ensure correct chromosome management during cell division. SpoIIIE forms foci at the centre of the closing septum in at least 50% of the cells that are close to complete septum synthesis. FtsK is a multifunctional septal protein with a C‐terminal DNA translocase domain that is not required for correct chromosome management in the presence of SpoIIIE. However, lack of both SpoIIIE and FtsK causes severe nucleoid segregation and morphological defects, showing that the two proteins have partially redundant roles in S. aureus.     

Caelorinchus abditilux Merrett, 1980, a junior synonym of Caelorinchus caudani (Koehler, 1896) (Teleostei: Macrouridae)

Comparisons between the holotype of Macrurus caudani Koehler, 1896 and the type series of Caelorinchus abditilux Merrett, 1980, show that the latter is a junior synonym of the former. Caelorinchus caudani (Koehler, 1896) is the correct scientific name for this valid species.