Temporal variations in haematological and biochemical indices of the Caspian kutum, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rutilus frisii kutum</Emphasis>

The pattern of haematology and blood biochemistry variations of healthy adult female kutum Rutilus frisii kutum (Cyprinidae) was investigated in the three reproductive states: maturing (autumn), pre-spawning (winter), and spawning (spring). Red blood cells, haemoglobin, and haematocrit were highest in autumn, whereas the highest values for white blood cells, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) were observed in winter. With the exception of MCV and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), fish size had no effect on haematological and biochemical parameters. MCV was higher in larger fish, whereas the reverse trend was found for MCHC. Decreased levels of plasma glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride in the pre-spawning period, when female ovaries were developing, may have been due to the combination of reproductive effects and food shortage in winter. Total protein levels were lower during the maturing period than during the pre-spawning period. The results of this study suggest that temporal variations in haematological and biochemical parameters of blood are significant and should be considered when these parameters are used to assess fish health status.     

Impact of season on haematological and biochemical parameters of crossbred female calves in hot and humid tropics

The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of season on haematological and biochemical parameters of crossbred female calves. Seven crossbred female calves of 6–12 months of age were selected. The study was conducted in three different spells of 30 days each in pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH) and temperature humidity index (THI) was recorded in all the three seasons. Whole blood was collected for estimation of haematological and plasma was used estimation of biochemical parameters. Highest AT and THI was recorded in pre-monsoon while highest RH was recorded in monsoon. The study revealed that season had no effect on haematological parameters such as total leucocyte, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, while total erythrocyte count was significantly lower in monsoon compared to pre and post-monsoon seasons. Glucose and cholesterol were significantly lower in pre-monsoon and monsoon compared to post-monsoon. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in pre-monsoon compared to monsoon and post-monsoon. No significant difference between seasons in the concentration of total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin globulin ratio was noticed. The results indicate that hot conditions have profound effect on haematological and biochemical parameters of crossbred calves.     

Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (Delor 103) on haematological and enzyme parameters of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Rainbow trout at a weight of 223+/-12 g (mean+/-SD) were experimentally injected with a technical mixture of Delor 103 to evaluate the red blood cell indices (red blood cell count, haematocrit, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and some biochemical and enzyme parameters of the blood plasma (total protein, glucose, inorganic phosphate, total calcium, sodium, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase). Delor 103, administered by the i.p. route at a concentration of 0.24 g kg(-1) 120 h(-1), caused an increase in the red blood cell counts, haematocrit values, haemoglobin concentrations, inorganic phosphate, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. The sodium level fell. The fish injected with Delor 103 showed a relative decrease in the lymphocyte count and a relative increase in the count of neutrophile band forms.     

Toxicity studies of nonylphenol on rosy barb (Puntius conchonious): a biochemical and histopathological evaluation

Acute and subacute toxicity of the nonylphenol (NP) on fish was investigated in laboratory toxicity tests with rosy barb (Puntius conchonious). The acute toxicity of NP to rosy barb was determined in semi-static bioassays. Median lethal concentration (LC50) for 96 h was 1.72 microM. The effects of sublethal concentrations of NP (0.17, 0.34 and 0.68 microM) on the structures and biochemical parameters [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanin aminotransferase (ALT)] in gills, liver and kidney of rosy barb were studied after 14 days. The results showed that NP caused alteration of the structure in organs, as evidenced by the hyperplasia of epithelium and the fusion of secondary lamellae in the gills, the disappearance of the cell membrane and the cell necrosis in the liver as well as haemorrhages in the kidney. In addition, the functional enzyme activities were also changed. The increase trend in ALP activity in organs of fish treated with NP was recorded. The levels of AST and ALT in gills, liver and kidney were stimulated to rise at the lower concentration and fall at the higher concentration NP treatment compared to controls. This study suggests that NP can alter of the structures and biochemical parameters within non-endocrine tissue of fish and these changes may be mediated via destroying membrane structure and inducing cell necrosis.     

Role of endometrial blood flow assessment with color Doppler energy in predicting pregnancy outcome of IVF-ET cycles

This is a prospective study of 182 women (38 yrs or younger) undergoing IVF-ET. Endometrial thickness, echo pattern and blood flow on transvaginal ultrasonography were recorded eight hours prior to hCG administration. The patients were divided into three groups: A (n = 10) with undetectable endometrial blood flow; B (n = 82) with sub-endometrial blood flow; C (n = 90) with both endometrial and sub-endometrial blood flow. According to IVF-ET outcomes, all patients were re-divided into three groups: 1 non-pregnancy (n = 92); 2 intrauterine pregnancy with live fetus (n = 70); 3 others (n = 20 including biochemical pregnancy, embryonic diapause, ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage). Intrauterine pregnancy with live fetus in Group C (62.2%) was much higher than that in Group A and B (0% and 17.1%, p less than or equal to 0.001). The implantation rate (33.2%) was much higher than that in Group A and B (0% and 19.90%, p less than or equal to 0.001). The pulsatility index, resistance index, and S/D of endometrial spiral arteries were 0.1 +/- 0.2, 0.6 +/- 0.1 and 2.5 +/- 0.4 in Group 2, which were much lower than those in Group 1 and Group 3 (p1-2 less than 0.001, p2-3 less than 0.05). The patients with detectable endometrial blood flow had higher clinical pregnancy rates and implantation rates.     

Plasma phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide as a new marker of oxidative stress in alcoholic patients

Quantitative analysis of plasma phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) is an important step in evaluating the biochemical processes leading to oxidative injury. However, secondary products of lipid peroxidation are now used as indices. One hundred nine alcoholic patients, aged 22-81 years (mean +/- SEM, 52.0 +/- 1.3 years), and 21 healthy volunteers, aged 41-79 years (51.2 +/- 2.2 years), participated in this study. Plasma PCOOH was measured by HPLC with chemiluminescence detection. Plasma PCOOH concentration was significantly higher in alcoholic patients (46.1 +/- 4.1 pmol/ml) than in controls (15.6 +/- 1.8 pmol/ml). It was significantly higher in patients with blood alcohol (88.0 +/- 10.5 pmol/ml) than in those without alcohol (32.6 +/- 3.1 pmol/ml). The patients with high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), and triglyceride (TG) showed significantly higher PCOOH concentrations than did patients with normal levels. The PCOOH level was positively correlated with levels of gamma-GTP, HDL, blood alcohol concentration, and TG. Plasma PCOOH levels in 29 alcoholic patients after a 6 week abstinence were decreased significantly (22.8 +/- 11.1 pmol/ml), which was associated with improvement on liver function tests. This is the first measurement of plasma PCOOH in alcoholic patients. These results suggest the involvement of lipid peroxidation in alcohol-induced liver damage and confirm that the PCOOH plasma concentration is a new marker of alcohol consumption as well as oxidative stress in alcoholic patients.     

Serum cortisol and haematological,biochemical and antioxidant enzyme variables in horse blood sampled in a slaughterhouse lairage,immediately before stunning and during exsanguination

The aim of the study was to determine changes of serum cortisol and biochemical, haematological and antioxidant enzyme variables in the blood of horses sampled during the pre-slaughter period (in the lairage and in the stunning box) and during exsanguination. A total of 24 Slovenian warm-blooded horses were observed. Blood samples for determination of serum cortisol and biochemical, haematological (red blood cell count, haematocrit, haemaglobin concentration) and antioxidant enzyme (whole blood superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) variables were collected by venipuncture of the left jugular vein in the lairage pen, 60 min before stunning (lairage) and immediately before stunning (stunning box). At exsanguination, blood samples were collected from the wound at the time of jugular vein sticking. During blood collection in the lairage pen and in the stunning box, horses were gently restrained with a halter. They were stunned using a penetrating captive bolt pistol impelled by air and were bled by jugular vein sticking. Horses were physically active in the lairage pen and in the race before entering the stunning box. After stunning, the horses showed paddling movements with their legs. In horses, the plasma lactate and glucose concentrations, the serum potassium concentration, the activities of the serum muscle enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase, and values of most of the other biochemical (Table 1) and haematological variables (Table 2), were significantly (P < 0.05) higher at exsanguination, than in blood sampled while they were in the lairage and in the stunning box. The serum concentrations of cortisol and chloride and the activities of alanine aminotransferase and antioxidant enzymes were not significantly different between the pre-slaughter period and exsanguination. All selected blood variables were not significantly different between the lairge and the stunning box sampling time, indicating no physiological stress responses of the investigated horses to stressors, such as novelty of the pre-slaughter environment and handling, present in the slaughterhouse between the lairage and the stunning box. However, the significantly higher values, at exsanguination, for the plasma lactate and glucose concentrations, serum muscle enzyme activities and haematological variables, than during the pre-slaughter period, might partially be attributed to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, caused by stunning and bleeding.     

Does breeding status influence haematology and blood biochemistry of yellow-legged gulls?

We compared the haematological and biochemical values within a population of yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) in the Chafarinas Islands (Northern Africa), in non-breeding (February) and breeding (May) animals. We collected blood samples from 51 adults. We found that according to the haematological data, there was a significant variation in haemoglobin content, and a higher proportion of heterophils, thrombocytes, and Haemoproteus infection in breeding individuals with a lower level in basophils. Blood biochemistry showed a higher level in plasmatic proteins, calcium, phosphorus, thiobarbituric acidreactive substances and alkaline phosphatase as well as alanine aminotransferase activity in breeding animals while cholesterol and phospholipid levels showed a lower level. There was also a sexual difference in triglycerides, albumin, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and alkaline phosphatase activity. Hence, the haematological and blood chemistry values of yellow-legged gulls showed some differences between breeding and non-breeding individuals as well as between sexes.     

Platelet reactivity: a contribution to age dependence studies

The authors examined 230 healthy donors (20-90 years) as to basic biochemical and haematological parameters and those parameters characterizing the function of blood platelets. Besides well known age dependences of fibrinogen concentration, AT III, erythrocyte sedimentation, glucose, cholesterol, alpha-2-macroglobulin and circulating immunocomplexes the results are presented showing a pronounced dependence of primary haemostatic system upon age. Within the age groups 65-75 years and those above 75 years there was a significantly higher amount of circulating aggregates (increase up to 152%), elevated concentration of beta-thromboglobulin and F VIII R:Ag. The increased reactivity of platelets is detectable even by applying relatively simple tests such as the determination of heparin-neutralizing activity, aggregation response to lower concentrations of induces or the determination of the amount of circulating aggregates.     

Serum molybdenum concentration in healthy Japanese adults determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

The serum molybdenum (Mo) concentrations in 70 Japanese adults (35 males and 35 females) not receiving any medical care or treatment were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Serum Mo concentration in the subjects ranged from <0.1 to 9.11 ng/mL. More than half (55.7%) of the subjects showed values of less than 1 ng/mL and only 6 (8.6%) subjects showed more than 2 ng/mL. The mean+/-SD, geometrical mean (GM), range of GM+/-geometrical SD (GSD) and median value were 1.21+/-1.34, 0.81, 0.30 to 2.16, and 0.90 ng/mL, respectively. Among age, body mass index and several serum biochemical values, activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase showed significant associations with serum Mo; 15 subjects suspected of having liver dysfunction showed significantly higher serum Mo than others. We propose a range of 0.10-4.73 ng/mL, estimated as a range of GM+/-2GSD of serum Mo in the remaining 55 subjects without liver dysfunction, as a reference range of serum Mo in Japanese healthy adults.     

Haematological and biochemical reference intervals for farmed channel catfish

The reference intervals for biochemical variables and red blood cell indices of healthy intensively bred channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were determined. The blood variables were determined using standardized clinical methods. The reference intervals (25th and 75th percentiles) were established using a non-parametric method. Reference intervals for plasma glucose, serum total protein, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride concentration, primary and secondary red blood cell indices were established. The haematological and biochemical reference intervals established may allow important clinical decisions about channel catfish.     

Adiponectin in patients with various stages of coronary heart disease - comparison of its concentration in coronary arteries and peripheral venous circulation

Adiponectin is an adipocytes-produced protein and showing a number of antiatherogenic effects. Adiponectin seems to be extensively deposited in the intersticium of venous lesions of persons with myocardial infarction. It may exhibit antiatherogenic and reparative effects. A decreased adiponectin concentration may be a risk factor of the origin and complications of atherosclerosis. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1) Do the adiponectin concentrations in venous blood of persons with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) differ from those in persons with stress angina pectoris? 2) In these persons do adiponectin concentrations in venous blood differ from those in main coronary arteries? 3) Do adiponectin levels differ in the infarction and non-infarction arteries in persons with STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarct) and delay within 4 hours after the onset? 4) In persons with ACS does any correlation exist between venous adiponectin and common risk factors of cardiovascular complications? Adiponectin concentration was determined in samples of blood collected from the peripheral vein and during coronarography in various localizations in 4 groups of examined persons (I. - no signs of CAD, II. - stable stress angina pectoris, III. - ACS over 48 hours without elevations of ST segment, IV. - STEMI during first 4 hours after its origin and proved occlusion of coronary artery at coronarography). Coronary angiography, risk factors and anamnestic data were analyzed. The software Medcalc was used to perform statistical analysis. We examined 73 probands with signs of myocardial ischemia (mean age of 61.5 years, 64 % males), who were subjected to coronarography and 21 healthy volunteers. A mean delay (delay from the origin of complaints to the performed coronarography) was 3.1 +/- 0.5 hours in individuals in the group IV. In patients with ACS we found lower adiponectin concentrations in venous blood compared to healthy individuals and persons with stress AP, but changes were not statistically significant (I.: -5.9 +/- 2.7 ng/l, II.: -4.9 +/- 1.2 ng/l, III.: -5.2 +/- 4.1 ng/l, IV.: -4.6 +/- 2.7 ng/l); no differences were found also with BMI. No significant difference was recorded between the samples of venous blood and those of coronary arteries, nor between the infarction and the non-infarction arteries in the group IV. (5.2 +/- 2.6 ng/l vs. 4.8 +/- -2.7 ng/l). Significant negative correlations were observed between adiponectin concentrations and BMI (correlation coefficient -0.29), triacylglycerols (correlation coefficient -0.4), AOPP (correlation coefficient -0.39), and positive correlations with HDL (correlation coefficient 0.32). No correlation was recorded between adiponectin and CRP. Adiponectin concentrations in persons with ACS are lower than in healthy persons or patients with stable angina pectoris, but differences are not statistically significant. The absence of adiponectin differences between the infarction/non-infarction artery may support the hypothesis of adiponectin uptake in the ischemic lesion with subsequent decrease in blood adiponectin. On the contrary, adiponectin decrease may be a risk factor independent of the origin and development of ACS.     

Immunological parameters of Javanese carp Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker) exposed to copper and challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila.

This study was to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of copper to Javenese carp, Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker), and the immune response after the fish were exposed to sublethal levels of copper and challenged with formalin killed Aeromonas hydrophila. The LC50 of copper on P. gonionotus at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h were estimated as 2.17, 0.91, 0.57, 0.53 and 0.42 mg l(-1), respectively. To determine the effect of copper on the immune system, fish were exposed for 66 days to 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mg Cu l(-1). After 56 days of initial exposure to copper, fish were challenged with 0.1 ml of 4.5 x 10(5) cfu ml(-1) formalin killed A. hydrophila and maintained in the same concentration of copper. After the challenge, the immune response was monitored for 2 weeks using haematological and serological assays. During the initial phase of exposure to copper, significant changes were noted in the white blood cell, lysozyme, potential killing activity, total plasma protein, total immunoglobulin and haematocrit levels between the control and treated fish. One week after challenge with A. hydrophila, there was a significant increase in the values of white blood cells, total protein and total immunoglobulin compared to the values before the challenge. However, these values were not significantly different (P>0.05) between the control and the treated fish. In contrast, NBT and lysozyme assays exhibited a significant difference (P<0.05) in fish exposed to 0.10 mg Cu l(-1) (0.525 +/- 0.17; 24.42 +/- 3.35 x 10(2) micromg ml(-1)) and 0.15 mg Cu 1(-1) (0.536 +/- 0.19; 21.78 +/- 1.29 x 10(2) micromg ml(-1)) compared to the control (0.746 +/- 0.31; 30.73 +/- 5.42 x 10(2) micromg ml(-1)) after the bacterial challenge (day 61). There was however no significant difference (P>0.05) in NBT and lysozyme levels in fish exposed to lower level of copper (0.05 mg Cu l(-1)), suggesting the absence of immunosuppressive effects at lower level of exposure.     

Comparative study of some haematological and biochemical blood parameters in fishes from the Skagerrak

Marine fishes caught in the Skagerrak, 27 different species representing various groups of fishes (Cyclostomi, Holocephali, Elasmobranchii and Teleostei), were examined for the following haematological and biochemical blood parameters: haematocrit, haemoglobin, mean corpuscle haemoglobin concentration, total plasma protein, blood glucose and blood lactate. Interspecies variations as well as variations within some species were observed. The haemoglobin values for all species showed a positive correlation to the corresponding haematocrit values. Relatively low values for haematocrit and haemoglobin were found in cyclostomes, holocephaleans and elasmobranchii compared to the majority of teleosts. Within the teleost group, the haematocrit and haemoglobin levels were positively correlated with the activity of the fish species. The cyclostome Myxine glutimsa L. had a total plasma protein content in the same range as most teleosts, whereas holocephaleans, elasmobranchii and the deep-water teleost Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunnerus showed comparatively low values. Among teleosts some relationship seemed to exist between the total plasma protein level and the activity of the fish species. In addition, a correlation between plasma protein content and levels of blood lipids were noted. Values for blood glucose and blood lactate were found to be lower in cyclostomes, holocephaleans and elasmobranchii than in most teleosts. Higher blood glucose levels were observed in the more active teleost species.     

Haematological and blood biochemical studies in female domesticated Indian elephants (Elaphas maximus L.)

1. Some haematological and biochemical blood parameters in female Indian elephants were investigated. 2. Haematological data were as follows: Ht = 39.2 +/- 2.36%, Hb = 10.1 +/- 0.54 g%, RBC = 2.66 +/- 0.32 x 10(6)/mm3, WBC = 5.43 +/- 0.48 x 10(3)/mm3. Lymphocytes, determined on blood smears were mainly leucocytes from (67.0 +/- 1.59%). Data for MCV, MCH and MCHC are also given. 3. Blood plasma was separated into 5 main fractions, total plasma protein concentration was 6.98 +/- 0.53 g%, A/G ratio was 0.69 +/- 0.1. 4. Plasma minerals concentration was as follows: Na, 3044 +/- 194 micrograms/ml; K, 529 +/- 38.5 micrograms/ml; Mg, 33.0 +/- 3.43 micrograms/ml; Ca, 181.0 +/- 17.8 micrograms/ml; InP, 44.6 +/- 6.1 micrograms/ml. Ca: P ratio was 3.25 +/- 0.34. 5. Some seasonal differences in investigated parameters were observed. Ht values, WBC and neutrophils number as well as Ca, and Mg concentrations were higher during winter, whereas RBC and Na and InP concentrations were lower in winter.     

两种温度下大黄素对团头鲂生长、血液指标及肝脏 HSP70 mRNA表达的影响

实验采用2×2双因子设计, 研究两种温度下在饲料中添加大黄素对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)生长、血液生理反应及肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达的影响。选取300尾健康的团头鲂初均重(7.29±0.01) g, 两种温度下(25℃、30℃)分别投喂不添加和添加25 mg/kg的大黄素配合饲料, 养殖时间为77d。结果显示: 在长期30℃高温下, 鱼体增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)、红细胞积压(HCT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)显著升高, 饵料系数(FCR)和脏体比(VSI)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆汁酸(TBA)显著下降(P0.05); 添加25 mg/kg大黄素, SGR和肝体比(HSI)、红细胞积压(HCT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)显著升高, 饵料系数(FCR)和摄食率(FR)显著下降(P0.05)。温度和大黄素对谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和血糖(GLU)无显著影响(P0.05), 对尿素(UREA)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、补体3 (C3)、补体4 (C4)和肝脏HSP70 mRNA的相对含量存在显著交互作用(P0.05)。与常温对照组相比, 高温对照组UREA、TG、TC显著下降; 在高温下, 添加大黄素组UREA、TG、TC有升高趋势(P0.05), C3、C4和肝脏HSP70 mRNA的相对含量显著升高(P0.05)。以上结果表明, 在饲料中添加25 mg/kg大黄素有助于缓解长期高温对团头鲂血液生理的影响, 提高补体水平和肝脏HSP70 mRNA的相对含量, 促进鱼体的生长。       

Immune adaptive response induced by Bicotylophora trachinoti (Monogenea: Diclidophoridae) infestation in pompano Trachinotus marginatus (Perciformes: Carangidae)

Fish have developed protective strategies against monogeneans through immunological responses. In this study, immune adaptive response to parasites was analysed in the pompano Trachinotus marginatus infested by Bicotylophora trachinoti. Hosts were pre-treated with formalin and after 10 days assigned to one of the following experimental treatments: (1) fish infested with remaining eggs of B. trachinoti; (2) fish infested with remaining eggs of B. trachinoti and experimentally re-infested by exposure to T. marginatus heavily infested with B. trachinoti. Samples were collected at 0, 15, and 30 days. Gills were dissected to check the presence of B. trachinoti. Blood was collected for haematological and biochemical assays. Spleen and head-kidney were dissected for phagocytosis assay. The spleen-somatic index was also calculated. Re-infested fish showed a faster and higher parasite infestation than infested ones. The parasite mean abundance at 15 days was 24.86+/-13.32 and 11.67+/-8.57 for re-infested and infested fish, respectively. In both groups, hosts showed an immune adaptive response to parasite infestation that was marked by an increased number of leukocytes. Also, phagocytosis (%) in spleen and head-kidney cells was stimulated after parasite infestation (92.50+/-3.73 and 66.00+/-9.54, respectively), becoming later depressed (77.39+/-6.69 and 53.23+/-9.14, respectively). These results support the hypothesis that monogenean infestation induces a biphasic response of the non-specific defence mechanisms in the pompano T. marginatus. This response is marked by an initial stimulation followed by a later depression of the non-specific defence mechanisms.     

Serum biochemical values in fallow deer (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dama dama</Emphasis> L.) from different habitats in Croatia

Serum biochemical values were determined in blood samples collected from 48 shot fallow deer from the Brijuni islands and 45 sedated fallow deer (Dama dama L.) from hunting grounds in the continental part of Croatia. The parameters were compared with regard to age, sex and habitat. Statistically significant differences were found for serum total protein concentration, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity between young and adult island deer, as well as for total protein, triacylglyceride, cholesterol concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity between young and adult continental deer. In young animals, island males had higher albumin concentrations, while continental males had higher alkaline phosphatase values than females. In adult animals, island males had a higher blood urea nitrogen concentration, while continental males had higher albumin and cholesterol concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase activities. In this group, males exhibited lower bilirubin and triacylglyceride concentrations than females. Our results indicate that besides age, sex and sampling method, nutritional and environmental factors should be considered when evaluating serum biochemical parameters of fallow deer     

不同人工饲料对刀鲚幼鱼生长、血清生化指标及脂质代谢酶活性的影响

试验选择体长、体质量基本一致的6月龄刀鲚,分别投喂日粮1(人工配合软颗粒饲料)、日粮2(人工配合饲料与鱼油混合的软颗粒饲料)及日粮3(人工配合缓沉硬颗粒料)3种配合饲料60 d,探讨不同人工饲料对刀鲚幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标及脂质代谢酶活性的影响.结果表明: 日粮2组和日粮3组的幼鱼体质量、体质量增长率、特定生长率和肥满度显著高于日粮1组;日粮3组的饵料系数显著低于日粮1组和日粮2组;各组间体长、体长/体高、体长/体厚、肝体比及脏体比等生长指标及总蛋白、白蛋白、血糖、胆固醇和甘油三酯等血清生化指标均无显著差异;日粮1组的肉碱软脂酰基转移酶-Ⅰ(CPT-Ⅰ)含量显著高于日粮2组和日粮3组;日粮2组的肉碱软脂酰基转移酶-Ⅱ(CPT-Ⅱ)含量显著低于日粮1组和日粮3组;各组间淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性及脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)含量均值无显著差异.表明日粮中添加多不饱和脂肪酸有利于刀鲚幼鱼的生长,缓沉饲料的利用效率最高,适合于刀鲚幼鱼驯养阶段使用.     

Acute effects of nitrite on ion regulation in two neotropical fish species

To broaden the understanding of physiological responses of tropical fish to environmental stressors, the effects of nitrite on haematological parameters and plasma and red blood cell ion regulation were studied in two neotropical fish species, Astyanax altiparanae and Prochilodus lineatus. Both fish species were exposed to NaNO2 (30 mg l(-1)) over a 96-h period and blood samples were taken for ion and haematological analyses. The results revealed that nitrite leads to a decrease in P. lineatus blood haematocrit and haemoglobin content and an increase in blood methaemoglobin. A. altiparanae did not exhibit any significant difference in these haematological parameters. During the exposure to NO2- both fish species had significantly reduced plasma Na+ concentration and red blood cell (RBC) K+ concentration, but only P. lineatus showed an increase in extracellular K+ concentration. When RBC volume was analyzed in vitro, after 2 min of exposure to NaNO2, a 36% shrinkage was observed in P. lineatus cells, while only a 10% shrinkage was observed in A. altiparanae cells. These results suggest that for P. lineatus, nitrite entrance into the cell leads to methaemoglobin formation and K+ efflux, causing red cell shrinkage and increased plasma K+. However, A. altiparanae proved to be a species more resistant to nitrite, exhibiting fewer responses to this compound.