4株真眼点藻的生长及光合生理特性

目的:研究4株真眼点藻(Eustigmatos sp.、Eustigmatos polyphem、Vischeria helvetica、Nannochloropsis oculata)的生长、色素组成及光合生理特性。方法:采用重量法、HPLC和分光光度法及液相氧电极法测定藻细胞的色素组成和光合生理指标在不同时相的变化。结果:4种藻最大生物质浓度分别为:9.4 g·L-1(E.sp.)、10.42 g·L-1(E.polyphem)、7.26 g·L-1(V.helvetica)和7.15 g·L-1(N.oculata);随培养时间延长,其chlorophyll a/β-carotene和violaxanthin/β-carotene的值均降低,最大光合速率先上升后下降,最大呼吸速率则不断上升;N.oculata的最大光合速率和呼吸速率达到最高,分别为59.62μmol O2·mg-1Chla·h-1和54.23μmol O2·mg-1Chla·h-1;4种藻的77 K低温荧光发射光谱均没有高等植物PSⅠ730 nm处的特征峰。结论:真眼点藻的生长与光合生理特征具有种间差异性,其77 K低温荧光发射光谱与高等植物相比具有特异性。     

8-甲氧基二氢血根碱化感潜能的评估

以莴苣幼苗为材料,检测了分离自细果角茴香的生物碱对莴苣幼苗根生长及根毛发育的影响。结果表明:50~200μmol·L-1浓度范围内,8-甲氧基二氢血根碱对莴苣幼苗根长显著抑制;10、20和30μmol·L-18-甲氧基二氢血根碱对莴苣幼苗根毛的长度和数量有显著的抑制作用,且抑制作用均表现了浓度依赖性。通过对莴苣根尖细胞有丝分裂研究发现,50μmol·L-1的8-甲氧基二氢血根碱能显著抑制根尖细胞的有丝分裂,而且莴苣幼苗净增值率与根尖细胞的有丝分裂之间呈正相关,证明8-甲氧基二氢血根碱主要通过抑制根尖细胞有丝分裂对莴苣根的生长产生影响。     

1-萘氨甲酰苯甲酸、外源IAA和GA3对拟南芥根的伸长和向重力性反应的影响

拟南芥幼苗用1-萘氨甲酰苯甲酸(NPA)、IAA和GA3处理后测定根的伸长和向重力性弯曲的结果表明,低浓度(0.001μmol·L-1)IAA和(0.01~1μmol·L-1)GA3促进根的伸长和向重力性弯曲,高浓度(0.01~10μmol·L-1)IAA和(10~100μmol·L-1)GA3的则相反。NPA在总体上是抑制根的伸长和向重力性弯曲,但低浓度(0.4μmol·L-1)的NPA有促进根伸长的趋势。低浓度的IAA和GA3均拮抗NPA对根伸长的影响,且低浓度的GA3对根伸长的促进作用并不依赖IAA。     

HPLC法测定酮洛芬在大鼠血浆中的浓度

目的:建立大鼠血浆中酮洛芬的HPLC测定方法,进行酮洛芬微乳凝胶的药物动力学研究.方法:血浆样品采用甲醇沉淀蛋白方法处理,萘普生钠为内标;色谱柱为DiamosilC18(200mm× 4.6mmi.d,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.01 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾(70:30,磷酸调pH3.0),流速1 mL·min-1,检测波长为255 nm.进样量为20μL,柱温为室温.结果酮洛芬与内标萘普生钠完全分离且血浆中内源性物质对酮洛芬的含量测定无影响;酮洛芬在0.2～50 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 8;最低定量限为0.05μg·mL-1;日内和日间精密度均(RSD)小于2.4%;回收率为91.3%～107.2%.结论:所用方法灵敏、准确、重复性好、回收率高,可用于酮洛芬微乳凝胶的血药浓度检测.     

人参硝酸还原酶活力与氮肥效应的关系

针对氮肥不能使人参增产甚至减产的结果,1991年6月21日在公主岭六年生参床上开沟追施（NH4）。SO4210g／m2,以后分期测定硝酸还原酶的活性（华东师范大学．植物生理实验指导．北京：教育出版社,1980．73）、非蛋白态氮［硝酸盐用紫外分光光度法、亚硝酸盐用萘基盐酸二氨基乙烯（萘己二胺）法〕和NH4．N及酸胺一N（波钦诺克,荆家海泽．植物生物化学分析法．北京：科学出版社,1981．107）。获得以下结果：NR活性单位：umolNO,s－‘FWh－‘。同时测定的玉米和向日葵NR活性,07－08分别为队伍,0．24;08－06分别为585,3．30。1·…     

荧光方法直接测定一氧化氮

根据2,3-二氨基萘(2,3-diaminonaphthalene,DAN)可与一氧化氮( ^·NO)反应生成荧光性2,3-萘酚三唑(2,3-naphthotriazole,NAT)和 ^·NO的气体特性,设计了一个流动气体和荧光方法相结合的 ^·NO直接测定方法.此法以惰性气体氮气为流动气体使样品中的待测 ^·NO随流动气体进入测定溶液,溶液中的DAN捕集流动气体中的 ^·NO生成荧光性NAT.实验结果表明测定溶液的荧光强度与 ^·NO浓度呈正比,与酸化亚硝酸盐溶液的浓度亦呈良好线性关系.用此方法测得五份酸化正常人血浆的 ^·NO浓度为(31.04±4.70) nmol/L,并可用于连续观察 ^·NO从亚硝基硫醇的自发释放.     

基于钙黄绿素的荧光分光光度法测定谷胱甘肽

目的:基于钙黄绿素的荧光分光光度法建立一种测定谷胱甘肽的新方法。方法:在pH=8.0介质中,铜(Ⅱ)与钙黄绿素配位引起荧光猝灭,由于谷胱甘肽与铜(Ⅱ)的亲和力很强,可从钙黄绿素-铜离子的络合物中夺取铜离子而使钙黄绿素游离出来使荧光强度得以恢复,荧光恢复的程度与加入谷胱甘肽的浓度在一定浓度范围内成线性。结果:据此建立了一种测定谷胱甘肽的新方法,该方法的线性范围为2.0×10-6～1.4×10-5mol.L-1,F=8.1964C+196.43,检测限为1.0×10-6mol/L。结论:用此法测定谷胱甘肽简便快速,灵敏度高。     

基于光谱法-图像灰度法高通量筛选高效固定CO2的苯甲酸脱羧酶*

目的:苯甲酸脱羧酶能够催化羧化反应固定CO₂,为了获得高效的苯甲酸脱羧酶,需要利用高通量分子克隆与突变体筛选系统对产生的大量突变体进行筛选,因此建立、开发高效的筛选评价方法对于获得高羧化效率的突变体至关重要。方法:利用2,3-二羟基苯甲酸脱羧酶催化邻苯二酚固定CO₂的反应体系,建立了光谱法-图像灰度法高通量筛选和评价固定CO₂的苯甲酸脱羧酶突变体。利用分光光度法在308 nm快速定量羧化产物2,3-二羟基苯甲酸。同时利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对分光光度法的测定结果进行了校正,确定了分光光度法估算的2,3-二羟基苯甲酸浓度与HPLC方法测定的准确浓度之间具有良好的线性关系(R² = 0.996)。利用HPLC-分光光度法的相关性可以获得实际样品中准确的2,3-二羟基苯甲酸浓度。利用Image J软件获得蛋白质标准品和突变体的灰度均值,根据灰度法定量蛋白质标准品的标准曲线计算突变体的蛋白质表达量。利用单位酶量催化邻苯二酚获得2,3-二羟基苯甲酸的浓度比较突变体的催化活性。结果:纯酶和粗酶体系下HPLC法测定的2,3-二羟基苯甲酸浓度与分光光度法测定的吸光度值的关系分别为C₁=0.500A₁-0.010(R² = 0.996)和C₂=1.458A₂+0.431 9(R² = 0.991)。从13个突变体中获得了两个正向突变体,羧化活性分别是WT的3.5倍和1.7倍。结论:基于光谱法-图像灰度法可以实现高通量筛选固定CO₂的苯甲酸脱羧酶,该方法可用于具有相似功能的苯甲酸脱羧酶对其他取代基的酚类和水杨酸类似物的底物选择性筛选。     

二苯乙烯苷通过上调XIAP抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡

目的:二苯乙烯苷(2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside,TSG)具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,As)等作用。课题组前期研究表明TSG对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导损伤的内皮细胞具有保护作用,并抑制内皮细胞的凋亡,但机制尚未完全明确。本研究目的在于探讨TSG是否通过影响X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein,XIAP)、Caspase-9的表达来抑制细胞凋亡。方法:体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,实验分为正常对照组、模型组(300μmol·L-1H2O2)、TSG预处理组(10μmol·L-1TSG+300μmol·L-1H2O2)、Embelin与TSG联合处理组(30μmol·L-1Embelin+10μmol·L-1TSG+300μmol·L-1H2O2)、TSG单独处理组(10μmol·L-1TSG)、Embelin组(30μmol·L-1Embelin)。采用MTT法检测细胞增殖率,Hoechst 33258染色观察凋亡细胞核形态,RT-PCR和Western blot检测XIAP、Caspase-9的表达。结果:与空白对照组相比,H2O2组内皮细胞增殖率降低,核损伤明显,XIAP表达显著性下降,Caspase-9表达显著增加(P0.01);与H2O2组比较,经TSG预处理后,细胞增殖率增加,核损伤减轻,XIAP的表达上升,Caspase-9表达减少,差异均有显著性(P0.01)。与TSG预处理组比较,用XIAP阻断剂Embelin与TSG联合处理后,内皮细胞活力下降,XIAP表达显著降低,Caspase-9表达增加(P0.01)。结论:TSG具有抑制H2O2诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡作用,其机制与增加XIAP的表达,抑制Caspase-9的表达有关。     

萝卜对铀及其伴生金属镉的富集特征与光合生理响应

该研究以萝卜(Raphanus sativus)幼苗为试材,在溶液培养条件下测定了铀(U,50 μmol·L-1)、镉(Cd,10μmol·L-1)单一及复合处理后萝卜幼苗对U、Cd的富集特征及其生物量、光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光特性等,探究U单一存在以及与Cd伴生时的生物学效应.结果显示:(1)U、Cd主要分布在萝...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.