共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 107 毫秒
1.
2.
随着现代科学的发展,出现了许多新的边缘科学,化学生态学就是现代生态学向纵深发展的产物,是化学向生态学渗透的结果。化学生态学作为一门系统完整的学科是七十年代在欧美形成的。植物间的生化他感作用研究是目前化学生态学研究的活跃领域之一O一、生化地感作用他感作用(Allelopathy)是植物学家莫利施(HMoltS。h)于1937年首先提出的,指在植物间,包括微生物间各种相互促进或抑制的生物化学作用,又称为异株克生。植物间的他感作用大致可分为异种植物间他感作用和同种作物间的相互作用。前者可能对促进群落形成起作用,后者可能成… 相似文献
3.
生化他惑作用是广泛存在于天然和人工群落中的一种自然现象,因现代研究揭示的特殊生态生理作用而引起各国研究者关注。本文简要介绍了这方面的进展,并浅析了它在植物群落学研究中的意义。 相似文献
4.
植物生化他感与农业生产 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植物生化他感与农业生产杨世诚(山东潍坊教育学院生物学.262500)1937年奥地利科学家Molisoh首先提出了生化他感(Allelopathy)的概念[1],它是指植物在生长发育过程中,通过不断排出次生代谢产物──如生物碱、黄酮、蒽醌、皂甙、强心... 相似文献
5.
6.
小麦秸秆的生化他感效应 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
小麦秸秆的生化他感效应马永清,毛仁钊,刘孟雨,刘小京,张玉铭(中国科学院石家庄农业现代化研究所,050021)AllelopathicEffectsofWheatStraw¥MaYongqing;MaoRenzhao;LiuMenyu;LiuXiaojing(ShijiazhuangInstituteofAgriculturalModernization,AcademiaSinica,050021).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(5);36-38。Theworld-wideresearchesonallelopathiceffectsofwheatstrawaresummarizedandthecurrentsitua-tiononisolationandidentificationofallelochemicalsfromitispresented.whichwillgiveaguidanceinourtheoreticalstudyandproductivepractice。Keywords:Allelopathy,allelochemicals,wheatstraw。 相似文献
7.
尿囊素的合成及其对作物的生化他感作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过乙醛酸和尿素反应人工合成尿囊素,以及对小麦、水稻、萝卜、番茄、黄瓜和大豆等作物的生化他感作用。研究表明:尿囊素对作物的生化他感作用与其浓度有直接关系,10mmol/L浓度对所有受体均表现出强烈的抑制作用,特别是水稻和萝卜种子的萌发完全被抑制。降低浓度则有不同结果,其中对小麦、黄瓜、番茄、萝卜均表现抑制作用,而水稻,尤其是大豆在中低浓度表现为促进作用。进一步对大豆、绿豆和红豆等豆料作物的研究证实:尿囊素对大豆和红豆的幼苗生长均有促进作用,尤其在0.5mmol/L浓度时最为显著。 相似文献
8.
生化他感作用研究中的生物测定方法 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
为了提高生化他感研究的可靠性、可比性等,应不断地发展和完善生物测定技术,建立合理的生物测定技术系统.为此,讨论了生化他感物质的提取和试样的制备、指示植物的选择、合适的评价指标和统计方法的建立等,为生化他感作用研究中建立系统的生物测定方法提供参考. 相似文献
9.
植物他感作用及其在农业中应用的研究进展 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
全面而深刻地研究植物生化他感作用,不但有助于正确认识群落的结构,功能,演替和分类,而且对于营林造林,灌丛利用,杂草防除,园林植物,选配和生态环境的保护都具有十分重要的意义,本文概述了植物生化作用在国内外的研究进展,及其今后的研究发展方向。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
水稻化感作用的机制与应用的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水稻是我国的主要粮食作物,其与周围植物的相生相克作用(化感作用)得到越来越多的重视.简要介绍了近来国内外对水稻对高等植物的化感作用的研究成果,介绍其化感作用途径、化感物质的分离、鉴定、可能的作用原理及在生产实践中的应用. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
16.
Kristine N. Hopfensperger Katharina A. M. Engelhardt Steven W. Seagle 《Restoration Ecology》2006,14(4):578-586
Establishing restoration feasibility is a multifaceted process that requires consideration of the ecological, social, and economic conditions of a given site. Examining completed restoration projects that report successes and failures may enhance this complex decision‐making process. We describe five completed wetland restoration projects and identify commonalities among them to inform the process of establishing feasibility for proposed restoration projects. Most of the case studies identified the need to gather preexisting and historical information, develop scenarios through hydrologic modeling, study the restoration materials, use best professional judgement for unanswered questions, establish multigroup collaboration, gain public support from stakeholders, and monitor postrestoration. We applied these lessons to a study that evaluated the feasibility of restoring Dyke Marsh Preserve, a tidal freshwater marsh in Virginia that the National Park Service is mandated to preserve. We found that the use of case studies substantially increased confidence in the decision‐making process by focusing discussions on the most important ecological, social, and economic aspects of a potential restoration. 相似文献
17.
Bioassays for allelochemical toxicity of aboveground Juncus effusus tissues were conducted with seeds and seedlings of Eleocharis obtusa and Scirpus cyperinus, two emergent sedge species (Cyperaceae) found sympatric with J. effusus, and with seeds and seedlings of J. effusus itself to evaluate potential autotoxicity. Bioassays were performed under controlled, axenic conditions with aqueous shoot extract treatments simulating in situ dissolved organic carbon concentrations. With respect to the two sedge species, neither shoot development nor seedling biomass accrual was significantly suppressed by lyophilized whole extracts from J. effusus. Although the extracts induced no significant reduction in growth of E. obtusa or S. cyperinus, biomass-specific chlorophyll a concentration was significantly reduced in E. obtusa seedlings. In contrast, seedlings of J. effusus exhibited significant reductions of biomass and chlorophyll a concentrations, and seedling shoot development was retarded in response to leachate exposure. Results of the present study suggest that J. effusus seedlings possess autotoxic sensitivity to extracts of dead, aboveground tissues of adult plants. 相似文献
18.
从第五届国际湿地会议看湿地保护与研究趋势 总被引:56,自引:5,他引:56
从第五届国际湿地会议看湿地保护与研究趋势王仁卿刘纯慧晁敏(山东大学生命科学院生物系,济南250100)WetlandConservationandAdvancesDerivedfromthefifthInternationalWetlandsConf... 相似文献
19.
We examined how geographic distribution of birds and their affinities to three geomorphic wetland types would affect the scale
at which we developed indicators based on breeding bird communities for Great Lakes coastal wetlands. We completed 385 breeding
bird surveys on 222 wetlands in the US portion of the basin in 2002 and 2003. Analyses showed that wetlands within two ecoprovinces
(Laurentian Mixed Forest and Eastern Broadleaf Forest) had different bird communities. Bird communities were also significantly
different among five lakes (Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) and among three wetland types (lacustrine, riverine,
barrier-protected). Indicator values illustrated bird species with high affinities for each group (ecoprovince, lake, wetland
type). Species with restricted geographic ranges, such as Alder and Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax alnorum and E. traillii), had significant affinities for ecoprovince. Ten bird species had significant affinities for lacustrine wetlands. Analyses
on avian guild metrics showed that Lake Ontario wetlands had fewer long-distant migrants and warblers than other lakes. Numbers
of short-distant migrants and total individuals in wetlands were higher in the Eastern Broadleaf Forest ecoprovince. Number
of flycatchers and wetland obligate birds were not different among provinces, lakes, or wetland type. One potential indicator
for wetland condition in Great Lakes wetlands, proportion of obligate wetland birds, responded negatively to proportion of
developed land within 1 km of the wetland. We conclude that, although a guild approach to indicator development ameliorates
species-specific geographic differences in distribution, individual species responses to disturbance scale will need to be
considered in future indicator development with this approach. 相似文献
20.
湿地土壤及其生态功能 总被引:21,自引:3,他引:21
湿地土壤是构成湿地生态系统的重要环境因子之一。在湿地特殊的水文条件和植被条件下 ,湿地土壤有着自身独特的形成和发育过程 ,表现出不同于一般陆地土壤的特殊的理化性质和生态功能 ,这些性质和功能对于湿地生态系统平衡的维持和演替具有重要作用。因此 ,在湿地的诸多定义中有很多都将湿地土壤作为划分湿地的一条重要标准[2 ,4 ] 。近年来 ,湿地研究中较多地涉及湿地生态系统的生物因子 ,但对湿地土壤的研究则鲜见报道。本文简要介绍了我国湿地土壤的类型特点及其生态功能 ,以期引起湿地工作者对湿地土壤的关注。1 湿地土壤的基本类型湿… 相似文献