修饰的cry1Ac基因导入籼稻明恢81获得抗虫纯合系

采用细胞内定位技术对cryl Ac基因进行修饰,其表达产物定位于内质网及衍生自内质网的蛋白体。通过基因枪法成功地通过修饰的cryl Ac基因导入到优良杂交籼稻有恢81中。对潮霉素抗性植株的PCR和Southern检测及ELISA分析证实,修饰的cryl Ac基因已整合到受体水稻品种中并得以表达,自交加代结合潮霉素筛选于T2代获得转基因纯合系。抗虫性测试表明,部分转基因纯合系高抗二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)。     

转修饰cry1Ac基因籼稻明恢81经花药培养获得抗虫DH系

对基因枪法获得的明恢81转修饰的cry1Ac基因当代植株进行花药培养,共接种花药2600枚,获得83份花培植株,其中双倍体植株43份,单倍体植株40份。 PCR结果表明含有cry1Ac基因的植株55份,花培植株群体中转基因与非转基因植株的比值为2∶1（55/28）。进一步结合Southern blot和ELISA分析,于花培植株当代筛选到转基因纯合株系36份。外源蛋白表达量上,花药来源于同一克隆的DH系的不同植株之间基本一致,最高的Cry1Ac含量达0.25%。田间抗虫性试验表明,经花药培养纯合获得的部分转基因纯合系植株对二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)表现出高抗,而且主要农艺性状保持不变。以上结果表明水稻花药培养可以加速转基因的纯合与育种利用。     

转cry1Ab/cry1Ac基因籼稻对稻田节肢动物群落影响

将稻田节肢动物群落按营养关系划分为5个功能团,即植食类、寄生类、捕食类、腐食类和其它类,从功能团优势度、功能团内科组成及其优势度、群落主要参数及群落相异性等方面,经两年四点的调查就2个转cry1Ab/cry1Ac基因籼稻（Bt水稻）品系TT9.3和TT9.4对稻田节肢动物群落的影响作了较系统评价。植食类、寄生类和腐食类功能团内某些优势科的优势度在Bt水稻田与对照（IR72）田之间有时呈显著或极显著差异,如Bt水稻田中茧蜂或姬蜂科的优势度有时明显低于对照。但是,在大多情况下Bt水稻田与对照田之间功能团优势度、功能团内科组成及其优势度、群落主要参数（物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势集中性指数）及其时间动态基本无明显差异;Bt水稻田与对照田间植食类、寄生类、捕食类亚群落和整个节肢动物群落的相异性大多较低。可见,Bt水稻对稻田节肢动物群落基本无明显的负面影响。     

转cry1Ac/sck基因抗虫水稻对稻田寄生蜂群落影响的评价

以转cry1Ac/sck双基因抗虫水稻MSA、MSB、MSA4（对照： MH86）及其杂交稻KF6-304（对照： Ⅱ-YM86）为材料,系统地研究了转基因抗虫水稻对稻田寄生蜂群落的影响及生态安全性。结果表明： 在群落水平上,转基因抗虫水稻MSA、MSB、MSA4及杂交稻KF6-304对稻田寄生蜂的物种丰富度、多样性指数、均匀性指数和优势集中性指数的总体情况与时间动态以及个体总数无明显负面影响,但在生长中期转基因稻可降低稻田寄生蜂的个体数量。按寄生蜂功能团分析,MSA与MSA4在水稻生长发育的后期初始,提高卵寄生蜂的数量,MSA、MSB、MSA4及杂交稻KF6-304显著降低以靶标害虫稻纵卷叶螟为寄主的寄生蜂功能团的个体数量,对其他寄生蜂无明显负面影响。     

基因枪法获得转cry1Ac基因甘蔗的研究

根据定向克隆原则,以pGreenⅡ0229为载体骨架,cry1Ac为目的基因,bar为筛选标记基因,构建了大小为8602 bp的植物表达载体pUBCG0229-cry1Ac。酶切结果表明,构建的载体pUBCG0229-cry1Ac结构完全正确。用基因枪轰击法将pUBCG0229-cry1Ac质粒DNA转化甘蔗(Saccharum Complex)品种福农95-1702和桂糖94-119的胚性愈伤组织,使用PPT(phosphinothricin)对轰击后的材料进行继代、分化和生根筛选,移栽成活后使用Basta溶液喷洒进行初步筛选,共获得86株抗性植株,通过PCR检测、Dot-Southern检测及PCR产物测序,证明已将cry1Ac基因整合到其中22株甘蔗基因组中。     

陆地棉栽培品种转复合启动子控制下的cry 1Ac3基因获得高效抗虫植株

以根癌土壤杆菌( Agrobacterium tumefaciens )介导法分别将植物表达载体pBinMoBc和pBinoBc导入陆地棉( Gossypium hirsutum L.)栽培品种"新陆早1号"、"晋棉7号"、"晋棉12号"和"冀合321".pBinMoBc携带有高效启动子复合OM启动子控制下的 cry 1Ac3基因,pBinoBc携带有35S启动子控制下的 cry 1Ac3基因.经过共培养、卡那霉素筛选抗性愈伤组织及体细胞胚的诱导,得到了再生植株.对T2代的PCR、Southern blotting、ELISA检测及Western blotting证明 cry 1Ac3基因已整合入受体棉花基因组并得到表达.抗虫性检测表明转基因后代对棉铃虫( Heliothis armigera ) 具有良好的抗性,转pBinMoBc T2代与转pBinoBc T2代相比,对棉铃虫具有更快的致死速度.本研究建立了一套高效的陆地棉栽培品种转化体系;进一步的检测结果表明,复合OM启动子可以提高外源基因的表达量从而增强转基因棉的抗虫性.     

转cry1Ac+cry2Ab基因棉与转cry1Ac+EPSPS基因棉荒地的生存竞争能力

【背景】此研究为"十二五"转基因生物新品种培育国家项目中创建新的转基因棉花品种环境安全评价技术而设。【方法】以转双价双Bt抗虫基因(cry1Ac+cry2Ab)棉和转双价抗虫、抗除草剂基因(cry1Ac+EPSPS)棉为观察品种,非转基因棉赣棉11号为对照品种,在荒地用撒播和3cm深度播种2种方式,于2011年5月～2012年3月对棉花出苗率、株高、生育进程、棉吐絮瓣数、絮瓣脱落率、自生苗等生存竞争能力进行比较,检测、评价其杂草化的风险,并探讨、验证检测技术的可行性。【结果】在荒地条件下,以2种方式播种的转cry1Ac+cry2Ab基因棉和转cry1Ac+EPSPS基因棉与非转基因棉相比,上述各项指标的竞争能力总体上未表现显著优势。【结论与意义】转cry1Ac+cry2Ab基因棉和转cry1Ac+EPSPS基因棉在荒地条件下生长无杂草化风险。同时,研究证明,在荒地自然生态条件下,可以采用撒播和3cm深度播种方法检测新的转基因棉花品种在生存竞争能力上的杂草化风险,在测评上有互为参照效应,为定性评价新的转基因棉花品种的杂草化风险提供了保障。     

陆地棉栽培品种转复合启动子控制下的cry1Ac3基因获得高效抗虫植株(英文)

以根癌土壤杆菌 (Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)介导法分别将植物表达载体pBinMoBc和pBinoBc导入陆地棉(GossypiumhirsutumL .)栽培品种“新陆早 1号”、“晋棉 7号”、“晋棉 12号”和“冀合 32 1”。pBinMoBc携带有高效启动子复合OM启动子控制下的cry1Ac3基因 ,pBinoBc携带有 35S启动子控制下的cry1Ac3基因。经过共培养、卡那霉素筛选抗性愈伤组织及体细胞胚的诱导 ,得到了再生植株。对T2 代的PCR、Southernblotting、ELISA检测及Westernblotting证明cry1Ac3基因已整合入受体棉花基因组并得到表达。抗虫性检测表明转基因后代对棉铃虫 (Heliothisarmigera )具有良好的抗性 ,转pBinMoBcT2 代与转pBinoBcT2 代相比 ,对棉铃虫具有更快的致死速度。本研究建立了一套高效的陆地棉栽培品种转化体系 ;进一步的检测结果表明 ,复合OM启动子可以提高外源基因的表达量从而增强转基因棉的抗虫性。     

转cry1Ac＋cry2Ab基因棉与转cry1Ac＋剧咯邢基因棉荒地的生存竞争能力

【背景】此研究为“十二五”转基因生物新品种培育国家项目中创建新的转基因棉花品种环境安全评价技术而设。【方法】以转双价双成抗虫基因（cry1Ac＋cry2Ab）棉和转双价抗虫、抗除草剂基因（cry1Ac＋肼强阳）棉为观察品种,非转基因棉赣棉11号为对照品种,在荒地用撒播和3cm深度播种2种方式,于2011年5月一2012年3月对棉花出苗率、株高、生育进程、棉吐絮瓣数、絮瓣脱落率、自生苗等生存竞争能力进行比较,检测、评价其杂草化的风险,并探讨、验证检测技术的可行性。【结果】在荒地条件下,以2种方式播种的转cry1Ac＋cry2Ab基因棉和转cry1Ac＋EP5P5基因棉与非转基因棉相比,上述各项指标的竞争能力总体上未表现显著优势。【结论与意义】转cry1Ac＋cry2Ab基因棉和转cry1Ac＋EPSPS基因棉在荒地条件下生长无杂草化风险。同时,研究证明,在荒地自然生态条件下,可以采用撒播和3cm深度播种方法检测新的转基因棉花品种在生存竞争能力上的杂草化风险,在测评上有互为参照效应,为定性评价新的转基因棉花品种的杂草化风险提供了保障。     

陆地棉栽培品种转复合启动子控制下cry1Ac3基因获得高效虫植株

以根癌土壤杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法分别将植物表达工体pBinMoBc和pBinoBc导入陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum L.)栽培品种“新陆早1号”,“晋棉7号”,“晋棉12号”和“冀合321”,pBinMoBc携带有高效启动子复合OM启动子控制下的cry1Ac3基因,pBinoBc携带有35S启动子控制下的cry1Ac3基因,经过共培养,卡那霉素筛选抗性愈伤组织及体细胞胚的诱导,得到了再生植株,对T2代的PCR,Southern blotting ELISA检测及Western blotting证明cry1Ac3基因已整合人受体棉花基因并得到表达,抗虫性检测表明转基因后代对棉铃虫（Heliothis armigera)具有良好的抗性,转pBinMoBc T2代与转pBinoBc T2代相比,对棉铃虫具有更快的致死速度,本研究建立了一套高效的陆地棉栽培品种转化体系;进一步的检测结果表明,复合OM启动子可以提高外源基因的表达量从而增强转基因棉的抗虫性。     

转cry1Ab基因水稻对二化螟幼虫血细胞的影响

研究了转cry1Ab基因水稻“克螟稻1号”对二化螟Chilo suppressalis幼虫细胞免疫系统的影响。结果表明,转cry1Ab基因水稻对二化螟幼虫的血细胞影响明显,取食转cry1Ab基因水稻后,二化螟幼虫各类血细胞都明显低于取食非转基因水稻“秀水11”的对照组（原血细胞和囊血细胞在取食初期例外）,随取食时间延长,各类血细胞数量及血细胞总数均呈递减的趋势。从各类血细胞所占血细胞总数的百分比来看,原血细胞在取食36 h后锐减,而浆血细胞和粒血细胞则比例增加,其余珠血细胞、囊血细胞的变化不明显。另外,血细胞还出现空泡化、肿胀等病态变化,致使血细胞快速破裂。由此推测转cry1Ab基因水稻自身表达的毒蛋白能严重干扰靶标昆虫二化螟幼虫的细胞免疫系统。     

转sck+cry1Ac基因水稻对二化螟及二化螟绒茧蜂存活和生长发育的影响

在实验室研究了转sck+cry1Ac基因水稻（MSB）对二化螟Chilo suppressalis (Walker)生长、存活以及经寄主对二化螟绒茧蜂Apanteles chilonis (Munakata)生物学特性的影响。连续取食转sck+cry1Ac基因水稻的二化螟, 体重下降、死亡率上升,从第2天开始,其体重显著低于取食明恢86的对照组;从第6天开始,死亡率极显著高于对照组。二化螟取食MSB 36 h后移至对照水稻上继续取食3、6、9、12天后,死亡率与对照差异都不显著;但体重均低于对照,其中第3天的体重差异达显著水平。二化螟绒茧蜂分别以取食MSB一定时间的3、4、5龄二化螟幼虫为寄主时,寄生率均低于以对照组,其中对4龄幼虫的寄生率差异显著;结茧率与对照差异均不显著;寄生在取食MSB的5龄二化螟幼虫体内的蜂、蛹期显著长于对照,而所结茧的茧长显著短于对照;但卵 幼虫历期、每茧块茧数、羽化率、雌性率、成蜂寿命和前翅长与对照无显著差异。结果表明转sck+cry1Ac基因水稻不仅对二化螟生长和存活有显著影响, 而且可经寄主二化螟影响到二化螟绒茧蜂的一些生物学特性。     

转cry1Ab/cry1Ac基因玉米Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac融合蛋白表达及对亚洲玉米螟的室内杀虫效果

【目的】室内抗螟性评价是转Bt基因抗虫玉米研发和安全性评价的重要环节。【方法】采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定了转cry1Ab/cry1Ac基因玉米ZZM030心叶中Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac融合杀虫蛋白的表达量;采用室内生测法测定了分别取食转基因玉米ZZM030和非转基因玉米X249心叶后亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis敏感品系ACB-BtS、Cry1Ab抗性品系ACB-AbR和Cry1Ac抗性品系ACB-AcR初孵幼虫的存活率。【结果】转基因抗虫玉米ZZM030 4叶期和8叶期心叶中Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac融合杀虫蛋白的表达量分别是10.62和2.94 μg/g FW。敏感品系亚洲玉米螟初孵幼虫取食转基因玉米ZZM030心叶2 d的存活率仅为23.6%,4 d后存活率为0,而取食非转基因对照玉米X249心叶4 d的存活率高达93.1%。Cry1Ab抗性品系和Cry1Ac抗性品系初孵幼虫取食转基因玉米ZZM030心叶6 d后的存活率分别为11.1%和12.5%,而取食非转基因玉米X249心叶6 d后的存活率分别为81.9%和77.8%。【结论】转cry1Ab/cry1Ac基因玉米ZZM030心叶中高表达的Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac融合蛋白对亚洲玉米螟初孵幼虫具有极高的杀虫效果。     

Comparison of three transgenic Bt rice lines for insecticidal protein expression and resistance against a target pest,Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Two transgenic rice lines (T2A‐1 and T1C‐19b) expressing cry2A and cry1C genes, respectively, were developed in China, targeting lepidopteran pests including Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The seasonal expression of Cry proteins in different tissues of the rice lines and their resistance to C. suppressalis were assessed in comparison to a Bt rice line expressing a cry1Ab/Ac fusion gene, Huahui 1, which has been granted a biosafety certificate. In general, levels of Cry proteins were T2A‐1 > Huahui 1 > T1C‐19b among rice lines, and leaf > stem > root among rice tissues. The expression patterns of Cry protein in the rice line plants were similar: higher level at early stages than at later stages with an exception that high Cry1C level in T1C‐19b stems at the maturing stage. The bioassay results revealed that the three transgenic rice lines exhibited significantly high resistance against C. suppressalis larvae throughout the rice growing season. According to Cry protein levels in rice tissues, the raw and corrected mortalities of C. suppressalis caused by each Bt rice line were the highest in the seedling and declined through the jointing stage with an exception for T1C‐19b providing an excellent performance at the maturing stage. By comparison, T1C‐19b exhibited more stable and greater resistance to C. suppressalis larvae than T2A‐1, being close to Huahui 1. The results suggest cry1C is an ideal Bt gene for plant transformation for lepidopteran pest control, and T1C‐19b is a promising Bt rice line for commercial use for tolerating lepidopteran rice pests.     

Resistance of transgenic rice events (rbcS:cry1Ac) against three lepidopteran rice pests

The transgenic rice expressing cry1Ac gene, which is linked to the rice rbcS promoter and its transit peptide sequence (tp), was highly resistant against all instars of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenetée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). In this study, we evaluated the larval mortality, behavior change, and field occurrence of three main rice pests, C. medinalis, Naranga aenescens (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Parnara guttata (Bremer & Grey) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in T4 generations of three Bt rice events (rbcS3:cry1Ac; 608102, 608104 and 608107) and non-Bt rice. All of the three Bt rice events were resistant to C. medinalis which showed significantly higher mortality for all instars compared to non-Bt rice. The resistance of Bt rice events against the larvae decreased gradually as the larvae developed. However, the survived larvae which ingested Bt rice events died eventually without further development. The resistance of three Bt rice events was investigated in the pot test, which was conducted with 3rd instars of C. medinalis, N. aenescens, and P. guttata, showed mortalities of over 70%. In behavioral assay, C. medinalis fed on the Bt rice events showed feeding avoidance and less leaf rolling behavior compared to that of the larvae fed on non-Bt rice. A 2-yr field survey conducted with larvae of C. medinalis and P. guttata also showed that the three Bt rice events significantly had lower damaged on leaves compared to that of non-Bt rice. Overall, the three Bt rice events were highly resistant to the larvae of lepidopteran target rice pests.     

水稻耐贮藏基因（lox-3）DH作图群体构建方法的比较研究

以与水稻耐贮藏材料（Daw Dam）有丰富分子标记多态性的常规材料2070、明恢63、Dulur/协青早B为亲本,分别与之杂交,采用改良一步成苗花药培养法对其F1代进行花药培养,以一步成苗法为对照,评价新方法在构建耐贮藏基因DH作图群体中的应用潜力。研究结果表明,改良一步成苗法显著地提高了愈伤组织分化率、植株再生率、绿苗率、绿苗素质,而且得到的加倍单倍体系田间表现良好,是构建耐贮藏基因DH作图群体的理想方法,但在不同基因型间表现有一定的差异性,其中Daw Dam/2070、Daw Dam/明恢63组合的培养效率有较大增幅。利用改良一步成苗法已获得一定数量的DH群体,为开展进一步研究奠定了基础。 Abstract:Crosses were produced by using a storable rice variety (Daw Dam) and 2070,Ming Hui 63,as well as Dulur/Xie Qing Zao B as parents,among these materials there are abundant polymorphisms of DNA molecular markers.Their F1's were applied to generate DH lines by an improved method of direct induction of pollen plant.The method of the direct induction of pollen plant was used as check treatment to evaluate the improved method.The results showed that the improved method increased the re-differentiation percentage of pollen callus,the percentage of regeneration plantlets,and the percentage of green regeneration plantlets and produced more vigorous seedlings.The improved method was a competent method of establishing DH population for mapping lox-3 gene.It was also showed that the efficiency of the new method was different among genotypes and out of three experimental crosses Daw Dam/2070 and Daw Dam/Minghui 63 showed more efficient.More than 60 DH lines have been obtained in this experiment.