Teaching about Scientific Origins: Taking Account of Creationism

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for measuring experimental design ability based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during biological inquiry. More specifically, the researchers developed an experimental design task that measures experimental design ability. Using the developed experimental design task, they measured both the paper experimental design ability and the fMRI experimental design ability of subjects. Subjects’ paper experimental design ability was measured using the quotient equation of experimental design ability, and their fMRI experimental design ability using the brain connectivity coefficient. According to the fMRI results, differences in design ability existed among subjects in terms of brain connectivity coefficient level during the experimental design task. The experimental design ability brain connectivity coefficient level and quotient for each subject were analysed. Statistically significant correlations between subjects’ connectivity strength level among brain activation regions and quotient value guided the establishment of a measuring model. The model measured experimental design ability and could predict an individual’s experimental design ability quotient using his or her brain connectivity coefficient. Hence, the model developed for this study for measuring experimental design ability based on fMRI may serve as a practical measurement of students’ scientific experimental design ability. Furthermore, this study could serve as a founding theory for measuring models of other scientific processing abilities such as observation, question generation, classification, hypothesis generation and hypothesis evaluation.     

高师生物教育专业实验教学现状及改革研究——来自阜阳师范学院生科院毕业生的调查报告

通过对阜阳师范学院生科院生物教育专业毕业生的问卷调查,发现了高师生物教育专业实验教学中存在的问题,并从实验室硬件建设、实验课程体系、实验教学目的、实验教学方式、实验管理体制以及实验教学评价等方面提出了改进思路。     

醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳实验成绩量化评定模式的设计

通过对实验教学量化评定的内容、类型、考核形式及各部分内容占总成绩的权重,各部分内容中的详细考核项目,各详细考察项目的项目系数等多方面的综合权衡,建立了醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳实验成绩量化评定模式,其使用简便、合理、易行,能科学正确的量化评定学生实验成绩,有效地改进实验教学效果。     

人参皂苷Rg1对抑郁症大鼠抑郁行为和海马神经元损伤、PKA、PKC的影响

摘要 目的：探讨与分析人参皂苷Rg1对抑郁症大鼠抑郁行为和海马神经元损伤、蛋白激酶A（PKA）与蛋白激酶C（PKC）的影响。方法：抑郁症大鼠48只随机平分为三组-模型组、实验1组、实验2组,每组16只大鼠。实验1组、实验2组每天2次灌胃给药（1 mg/mL、4 mg/mL人参皂苷Rg1）,给药体积为10 mL;模型组以相同方式按体重给予双蒸水。观察与记录鼠抑郁行为和海马神经元损伤、PKA、PKC表达变化情况。结果：实验1组、实验2组治疗第7 d、第14 d的逃避潜伏期都显著低于模型组,实验2组与实验1组相比也显著缩短（P<0.05）。实验1组、实验2组治疗第7 d、第14 d的糖水偏好率高于模型组,实验2组与实验1组相比也显著升高（P<0.05）。实验1组、实验2组治疗第7 d、第14 d的血清5-羟色胺较模型组高,血清皮质酮含量较模型组低,实验2组与实验1组对比也有明显差异（P<0.05）。实验1组、实验2组治疗第7 d、第14 d的海马神经元组织的PKA、PKC蛋白相对表达水平显著低于模型组,实验2组与实验1组相比也显著缩短（P<0.05）。结论：人参皂苷Rg1在抑郁症大鼠的应用能改善抑郁行为,增加糖水偏好率,降低逃避潜伏期,还可提高大鼠的血清5-羟色胺含量,降低血清皮质酮含量,降低海马神经元组织的PKA、PKC蛋白表达水平。     

微囊藻毒素对斑马鱼重要细胞因子表达的影响

微囊藻毒素是一种肝毒素,它攻击的靶位是肝细胞,能导致鱼的肝脏发生病理变化。该研究以斑马鱼为研究对象,采用RT-PCR方法研究了微囊藻毒素对斑马鱼白细胞介素1β(Interleukin 1β,IL-1β),白细胞介素8(Interleukin 8,IL-8),白细胞介素10(Interleukin 10,IL-10),干扰素(Interferon,IFN),肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF),CXC,CXCa等几个重要细胞因子表达的影响。实验表明,25d时,仅毒素组的斑马鱼肝中有IFN和TNF表达。35d时,毒素组斑马鱼鳃中表达了IL-10,肝中表达了CXCa;毒素组和对照组的斑马鱼肝中都表达了IL-1β,TNF,IL-10,CXC,IFN,且其IL-1β,TNF,IL-10的条带亮于对照组。45d时,IFN仅在毒素组鱼鳃和肝中检测到表达;CXC仅在毒素组的鳃中检测到表达;IL-10在对照组的鳃、肠、肾和肌肉中有表达,在毒素组的肝、卵、肾、肌肉中有表达;IL-1β在对照组和毒素组的肝、卵、肾和肌肉中均有表达,且其条带亮于对照组。结果表明:毒素组斑马鱼的肝和鳃组织发生了炎症反应。这为进一步研究微囊藻毒素对鱼类免疫系统的毒害作用奠定了基础。     

开放实验室条件下的动物学实验教学改革新探

探讨了充分利用开放实验室进一步改革动物学实验教学的新方法：把开展大学生课题研究融入动物学实验教学、充分利用动物标本室加强动物学实验教学、以学生为主体调整动物学实验的教学内容以及结合相关产学研课题提高动物学实验教学的效率。结合实际条件激发学生学习的兴趣和参加实验的积极性,提高了实验效果,培养了学生的创新精神和实践能力。     

分子实验技能课程教学模式初探

目的:探索适合临床研究生的分子实验技能课教学模式,提高研究生科研思维能力和实验技能。方法:根据临床研究生的特点,以学生为主体,注重学生科研思维的培养,运用多样化的教学手段,对研究生临床分子实验技能课程的教学方法进行探索。结果:通过实验技能课的学习与培训,临床研究生科研思维能力得到很大的提升,对医学实验研究兴趣增加,取得了很好的教学效果。结论:多元化教学模式比较适合临床研究生实验技能课的教学。     

环境工程微生物学实验教学内容优化研究

本文从实验教学计划、教学内容、教学手段和考核评价体系等多方面对环境工程微生物学实验教学进行了改革和调整,增设了综合和设计性实验,注重实验内容在生活和环境污染治理中的体现和应用,注重学生对实验内容理论知识的理解和掌握,强调学生参与实验的准备工作以及实验考核评价体系的优化等环节。 更多还原     

Analysis of experimental errors in bioprocesses. 1. Production of lactobionic acid and sorbitol using the GFOR (glucose-fructose oxidoreductase) enzyme from permeabilized cells of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zymomonas mobilis</Emphasis>

The proper determination of experimental errors in bioprocesses can be very important because experimental errors can exert a major impact on the analysis of experimental results. Despite this, the effect of experimental errors on the analysis of bioprocess data has been largely overlooked in the literature. For this reason, we performed detailed statistical analyses of experimental errors obtained during the production of lactobionic acid and sorbitol in a system utilizing as catalyst the GFOR (glucose-fructose oxidoreductase) enzyme from permeabilized cells of the bacteria Zymomonas mobilis. The magnitude of the experimental errors thus obtained were then correlated with the process operation conditions and with the composition of the culture media used for bacterial growth. It is shown that experimental errors can depend very significantly on the operation conditions and affect the interpretation of available experimental data. More specifically, in this study, experimental errors depended on the nutritional supplements added to the cultivation medium, the inoculation process, and the reaction time, which may be of fundamental importance for actual process development. The results obtained also indicate, for the first time, that GFOR activity can be affected by the composition of the medium in which cells are cultivated.     

改革微生物实验教学 强化技能训练

为了提高学生的微生物实验技能,通过实验教学研究,对高职微生物实验教学进行了改革探讨。采用逻辑连贯性实验设计、加强基础实验教学、开设综合性实验强化实验技能训练。创新实验教学方法,运用多媒体展示、讲练融合增强实践动手能力。推行徒手练习、加强实验指导与严格规范操作,建立较完善的综合考核机制以调动学生实验的积极性和主动性,促进学生实验技能的提升与实验教学质量的提高。     

长学制医学微生物学实验教学体系构建

针对目前医学微生物学实验教学中的突出问题,从实验内容和实验教学手段等方面入手,探索建立一整套适用于七年制及长学制学生的实验课程教学体系,体现创新教育教学的理念.     

长学制医学微生物学实验教学体系构建

针对目前医学微生物学实验教学中的突出问题, 从实验内容和实验教学手段等方面入手,探索建立一整套适用于七年制及长学制学生的实验课程教学体系, 体现创新教育教学的理念。     

3H-deoxythymidine incorporation in graft-versus-host disease in the Norway rat. I. Liquid scintillation studies.

Graft-versus-host-disease was produced in newborn Brown Norway (BN) rats with an intravenous (iv) injection of adult allogeneic Lewis (L) lymph node cells (experimental) and the response was compared to littermates injected with adult syngeneic BN cells (control). By 4 days the reaction in the spleen of experimental animals was such that the spleen index was 1.70 and 2.58 on day 7, and continued to increase until death. A one hour iv pulse of tritiated deoxythymidine (3HdT) administered to experimental and control animals revealed a whole organ peak incorporation of 3HdT on day 6 in experimental spleens. A second larger peak occurred on day 10 in the experimental spleen as compared to a single peak at days 6 or 7, respectively, in the experimental mesenteric and combined superficial lymph nodes. However, analysis of the incorporation of 3HdT with respect to organ weight revealed a peak incorporation in animals receiving L cells on day 4--6 with a second smaller peak on day 10 in the experimental spleen and again a single peak on day 5 or 6 in the lymph nodes. Total 3HdT incorporation within both experimental lymph node compartments became less than controls by day 15 even though experimental nodes had a larger mass. 3HdT incorporation per milligram tissue weight decreased in all tissue compartments of experimental animals by day 13--14. The contribution of donor and host cell proliferation to the various peaks observed is discussed.     

Construction of rat spinal cord injury model based on Allen’s animal model

The aim of this study is to explore the construction of rat spinal cord injury model guided by Allen's model. Methods: Male rats aged 4–5 weeks and weighing about 250 g are selected as subjects in the Animal Laboratory Center of XX Hospital. Rats are divided into two groups, which are experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, respectively, so as to construct spinal cord injury model in rats. The first group is given 300 g.cm hitting force of T10 spinal cord, and the second group is given 500 g.cm hitting force of T10 spinal cord. Within 25 days after spinal cord injury in Allen's rats, the survival, neurological function, diet, motor ability, tactile ability and auditory ability of the two groups are monitored and evaluated daily. Results: In terms of survival, the survival rate of rats in group 1 is 85%, while that of rats in group 2 is 21%, and there is a concentrated death phenomenon in group 2. In terms of neurological function recovery, experimental group 1 is stable and gets 7 points and experimental group 2 is stable and gets 3 points. In terms of diet, the experimental group 1 is stable and gets 5 points and the experimental group 2 is stable and gets 2 points. In terms of motor ability, the experimental group 1 is stable and gets 5 points and the experimental group 2 is stable and gets 2 points. In tactile sense, experimental group 1 is stable and gets 17 points and experimental group 2 is stable and gets 12 points. It can be seen that the post-operative recovery ability of the experimental group 1 is better than that of the experimental group 2. Conclusion: Under the guidance of Allen's model, compared with the group 2, the experimental group 1 of the rat spinal cord injury model has better recovery in each index. It can be seen that the smaller impact strength is more beneficial to the recovery of rats after spinal cord injury surgery.     

本科植物细胞与基因工程研究型实验课程的构建与实践

在本科实验教学中开设研究型综合性实验课程是培养创新性人才的重要教改内容。作者利用自身的科研平台,为本科生开设了植物细胞与基因工程的专业选修课,主要讲授植物组织培养、原生质体分离与培养、植物遗传转化及转基因植物的筛选与鉴定等植物细胞与分子生物学技术原理及实验操作。通过整合植物组织、细胞和分子3个水平的实验教学内容和操作技术,采用集中讲解—独立操作—全天候开放的实验教学模式,并在实验教学中增加自主设计环节,培养本科生的综合性实验设计能力,训练独立操作技能,激发科研兴趣和自主创新意识,从而达到培养本科创新人才的目标。文章总结了开展植物细胞与基因工程实验教学的经验和教学效果,介绍了该实验教学的教学模式、教学内容和方法、考核评价体系,分析了存在的问题,阐述了以高水平科学研究促进实验教学对于深化本科教学改革和培养现代生物技术创新人才的重要性。     

Evaluating experimental cerebral malaria using oxidative stress indicator OKD48 mice

Cerebral malaria is a fatal complication of malaria. Conventional methods for evaluating experimental cerebral malaria have several drawbacks. Therefore, we aimed to develop an easy-to-use method for evaluating experimental cerebral malaria using OKD48 (Keap1-dependent Oxidative stress Detector, No-48-luciferase) mice to evaluate oxidative stress. OKD48 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain (PbA) suffered from experimental cerebral malaria and oxidative stress was successfully detected in the brains of living OKD48 mice developing experimental cerebral malaria. Oxidative stress in the brain was dependent on the development of experimental cerebral malaria, as prevention of experimental cerebral malaria did not elicit oxidative stress. We provide a novel evaluation method for experimental cerebral malaria using oxidative stress indicator OKD48 mice.     

超敏C反应蛋白及D-二聚体联合检测深静脉血栓的价值

目的:探讨超敏C反应蛋白及D-二聚体联合检测法在深静脉血栓诊断中的临床应用。方法:选取我院检验科收治的深静脉血栓患者120例作为实验对象,所有患者均采取深静脉造影进行确诊。采用随机对照表分为实验1组与实验2组与实验3组,每组40例患者。另选取门诊健康体检患者41例为对照组,所有患者均空腹状态下于入院第一天清晨抽取静脉血5 m L,对实验1组进行CRP检测,对实验2组行D-二聚体检测检测,实验3组行CRP检测联合D-二聚体检测。比较4组患者的血超敏C反应蛋白与D-二聚体水平,以及联合检测的阳性率。结果:1实验组患者CRP水平以及D-二聚体水平较对照组明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验1组与实验3组CRP水平比较,没有统计学差异(P0.05);实验2组与实验3组D-二聚体水平比较,无统计学差异(P0.05);2与实验3组比较,实验1组、实验2组阳性检出率较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:超敏C反应蛋白及D-二聚体水平对深静脉血栓具有较好的敏感性,联合检测能够对本病的诊断及预后具有指导意义,值得临床推广。     

天然药物化学实验教学模式的改革探索

天然药物化学是药学专业一门重要的必修课程。其实验课以培养学生的综合实验技能,提高学生的创新能力为主。针对天然药物化学实验教学中存在的问题,对其实验教学内容和方法作出相应的改革,以提高教学效果和质量。     

医学微生物学实验教学改革的探索与实践

以麻醉学专业学生为研究对象,进行了传统实验教学与新实验教学模式的对比研究。新实验教学模式围绕如何在实验教学中培养学生的创新能力,从实验教学计划、教学内容、教学方法和手段、实验考核方法进行了改革和探索,增设了综合性与探索设计性实验,研制了实验多媒体课件。结果显示新实验教学模式有利于培养学生的动手能力、科研思维、创新能力以及综合分析能力,教学效果优于传统实验教学。创建了适合于培养麻醉学专业的医学微生物学实验教学体系。     

Histopathological changes in gerbil liver and kidney after aluminum subchronic intoxication

Young gerbil livers and kidneys were analyzed by means of light and electron microscope to assess the histopathological changes caused by prolonged systemic aluminum (Al) administration. The experimental group was injected with AlCl3 i.p. for 5 weeks, while litter mates received PBS as sham-injected controls or served as untouched controls. Mortality occurred in 33% of experimental and 12.5% of sham-injected groups. The animals were perfused intracardially with 1% glutaraldehyde plus 1% paraformaldehyde and samples of liver and kidneys were processed for aluminum and iron histochemistry and conventional light- and transmission electron microscopy. White deposits composed of cellular debris appeared on the surface of liver and kidneys and in the mesentery as a consequence of Al treatment. Adherences of Glisson capsule to the diaphragm, as well as scattered small foci of hepatocyte necrosis with non-caseificant microgranulomas and mild portal inflammation, developed in the experimental group. Sham-injected animals also exhibited these granulomas but to a lesser degree. Al deposits were found in experimental animal granulomas and inside macrophages cytoplasm scattered throughout the liver. Iron deposition appeared in pericentral hepatocytes of experimental animals, in granulomas and in portal spaces of the three groups of animals. Ultrastructurally, hepatocytes of experimental animals showed mitochondria hyalinization, disintegration of endoplasmic reticulum and clustering of ribosomes. Phagolysosomes appeared larger and occurred more frequently in both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells of experimental animals. In 2 out of the 6 experimental animals studied, tubular atrophy was present in the renal cortical region, the kidneys of the remaining animals appearing normal. Al and iron were found very occasionally in the kidney parenchyma of experimental animals, while isolated mesangial cells showed iron deposits in a few glomeruli of both experimental and the two groups of control animals.