炭疽毒素受体ATRcDNA的合成和克隆及ATR-Fc融合蛋白的真核表达载体的构建

可溶性炭疽毒素受体(sATR)可以特异性结合炭疽毒素保护抗原(PA),为获得用于中和炭疽毒素以防治炭疽感染的候选抗毒素药物,构建了表达ATRFc抗体样分子融合蛋白的真核表达载体。将全长为681bp的编码炭疽毒素受体N端1～227氨基酸的基因分成长约50～60碱基的18个寡核苷酸片段,相邻片段重叠部分为20～22个碱基,利用重叠延伸PCR和引物PCR法,将合成的片段组装与扩增,得到了含有ATR_1～227的全部编码区和HindIII、BamHI位点在内的DNA片段。回收的基因片段经BamHI/HindIII双酶切连接到pUC19质粒中,挑选阳性克隆进行酶切鉴定和双向序列测定,获得了全序列正确的克隆。将ATR基因与Fc基因连接后插入pcDNA3.1载体多克隆位点HindIII和NotI之间,得到表达ATRFc融合蛋白的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1/ATRFc,为利用CHO哺乳动物细胞表达ATRFc并研究其生物学性质奠定了基础。     

豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂cDNA在大肠杆菌中的克隆与表达

从即将成熟的豇豆予叶中分离出总RNA,逆转录合成cDNA第一条链。参照已知的几种Bowman—Birk型胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因序列,设计并合成了两段寡核苷酸引物,以单链cDNA为模板,进行PCR扩增,得到320bp的均一扩增产物,克隆到pBluescrip sK(+)的EcoRV位点上并转化大肠杆菌JM101。酶切图谱及DNA序列分析表明克隆到的片段含有编码完整80个aa的豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂结构基因和一段编码27aa的前导序列。利用限制酶NcoI对其前导序列进行缺失,只保留成熟蛋白结构基因上游第一个ATG密码子并克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体pKK233—2中进行表达研究,从转化细菌的提取物中检测到了外源CpTJ基因表达产物对胰蛋白酶的抑制活力。     

基孔肯雅病毒非结构蛋白基因合成中多位点缺失突变的校正方法

目的:建立一种PCR方法,以快速校正基孔肯雅病毒非结构蛋白基因合成过程中发生的多位点缺失突变。方法:用PCR方法合成基孔肯雅病毒非结构蛋白基因;对测序的克隆进行序列比对,分析不同克隆上缺失突变发生的位置,以保守区域互相重叠的寡核苷酸为上下游引物、以该区域测序正确的克隆为模板进行PCR扩增,得到所需片段,再将这些片段用PCR方法进一步组装成完整的基因序列并进行测序。结果:测序结果表明,经过2次PCR扩增,校正了基孔肯雅病毒非结构蛋白基因合成过程中发生的5个位点缺失突变。结论:得到序列正确的基孔肯雅病毒非结构蛋白基因。在进行基因合成过程中如发生多位点缺失突变,可利用该方法同时对以上突变进行校正,无须再合成引物,降低了实验操作难度,并提高了实验效率。     

日本血吸虫32dDa蛋白质基因在真核表达载体中的亚克隆

设计和合成特定寡核苷酸引物,TRIZOL提取日本血吸虫成虫RNA,RT－PCR法扩增日本血吸虫32kDa蛋白质（Sj32）基因编码序列,将扩增产物连接pGEM-T克隆载体,再亚克隆到真核表达载体pBK CMV中。结果：RT－PCR法特异性扩增出Sj32编码基因片段,其大小约为1270bp经双酶切、PCR鉴定表明所构建的质粒pGEM-Sj32和pBK-Sj32中含有目的基因。pBK-Sj32重组质粒的成功构建,为进一步表达Sj32及其在血吸虫病免疫诊断、免疫预防中的作用研究提供了条件。     

多片段扩增结合Gibson组装法克隆基因定点突变北大核心CSCD

为寻找一种简洁高效的基因定点突变方案,利用Gibson组装技术对重叠延伸PCR法进行简化,并以克隆细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4基因单位点与双位点突变为例进行验证。采用与重叠延伸PCR相似的策略扩增含点突变的基因片段,同时采用双酶切制备线性质粒载体,保证质粒载体与基因片段含有一小段重叠序列作为接头。直接将基因片段与线性载体通过Gibson组装法拼接成完整质粒。经转化、筛选与检测,成功得到数个单位点与双位点目标突变体克隆,且阳性率均为100%。由于没有繁琐的多轮PCR扩增和频繁的DNA回收操作,也无需消化原始质粒,该方案避免了很多干扰定点突变的因素,能简便、高效地克隆基因单位点与多位点突变。对比而言,该方案规避了重叠延伸PCR与滚环扩增法的主要缺陷,是一种基因定点突变的良好解决方案。     

重叠延伸PCR法合成栀子两个糖基转移酶基因

[目的]糖基转移酶UGT94E5和UGT75L6催化栀子果实中西红花总苷生物合成途径的末端步骤。该研究利用重叠延伸PCR法,合成编码这两个酶的基因序列。[方法]首先将基因分段,每段两端均加上p UC57载体的多克隆位点作为接头,拼接成800 bp以下的片段,再输入到DNAWorks软件中,获得最优寡核苷酸片段组合;将合成的寡核苷酸片段混合,用作模板,进行两次PCR扩增,获得加了接头的各段序列,亚克隆到自制的p UC57 T载体上。酶切后回收插入片段,混合,用作模板,扩增全长基因,产物克隆到自制的p UC57 T载体上。[结果]成功合成了栀子Gj UGT9(编码UGT94E5)和Gj UGT1(编码UGT75L6)基因,分别长1 496 bp和1 583 bp。[结论]重叠延伸PCR法能够有效地合成栀子两个糖基转移酶基因序列,为遗传操作奠定了基础。     

鱼类抗冻蛋白的研究——Ⅱ.黄盖鲽抗冻蛋白基因cDNA的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

产于我国黄海的黄盖鲽(Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae)体内含有能阻止血液冰冻的抗冻肽(Antifreeze peptide AFP)。在对该蛋白进行纯化及对其特性的一系列研究的基础上,我们合成了一段抗冻肽基因的寡核苷酸片段。以此为引物,与黄盖鲽的mRNA进行杂交,从而特异性地反转录出抗冻肽基因cDNA片段。该片段经EcoRI Linker连接法克隆至大肠杆菌(E.coli)质粒载体pUC19上。抗冻肽cDNA插入片段经杂交证实后,对其进行了酶谱分析,核酸序列测定。重组克隆还在大肠杆菌JM83中得到了表达。     

SOEing 法构建EGFP真核表达载体及其在杜氏盐藻中的表达

通过重叠区扩增基因拼接法（Gene splicing by overlap extension,SOEing）构建含有杜氏盐藻（Dunaliella salina）硝酸盐还原酶（NR）基因5′-上游序列（Pnr）and 3′-端序列（Tnr）的EGFP真核表达载体,并将其转化杜氏盐藻。利用改进的SOEing法,将杜氏盐藻NR基因Pnr与报告基因EGFP cDNA融合,并与pEGM-7zf克隆载体连接,顺序将盐藻NR基因Tnr序列与融合片段相连,构建含Pnr-EGFP-Tnr表达盒的盐藻真核表达载体p7NET。电击法转化杜氏盐藻,在盐藻转化株中观察到了EGFP的瞬时表达。此研究为转基因杜氏盐藻研究和成功建立杜氏盐藻生物反应器奠定了实验基础。     

日本血吸虫32kDa蛋白质基因在真核表达载体中的亚克隆

设计和合成特定寡核苷酸引物,TRIZOL提取日本血吸虫成虫RNA,RT-PCR法扩增日本血吸虫32kDa蛋白质(Sj32)基因编码序列,将扩增产物连接pGEM-T克隆载体,再亚克隆到真核表达载体pBKCMV中.结果RT-PCR法特异性扩增出Sj32编码基因片段,其大小约为1270bp,经双酶切、PCR鉴定表明所构建的质粒pGEM-Sj32和pBK-Sj32中含有目的基因.pBK-Sj32重组质粒的成功构建,为进一步表达Sj32及其在血吸虫病免疫诊断、免疫预防中的作用研究提供了条件.     

抗人CD3单链抗体与改形单域抗体的表达

设计并化学合成含有适当酶切位点及连接肽的寡核苷酸序列,与一定的背景载体连接并改造成适用于单链抗体表达的载体:外分泌型pWAI80和融合蛋白型pROH80从分泌抗人CD3单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞UCHT1中,经PCR扩增出轻、重链可变区基因V_H和V_K,并插入上述表达载体中构建成单链抗体基因.通过对鼠OKT3结合位点的结构模拟,并比较人、鼠抗体家族性保守序列,设计出改形OKT3的基因序列.化学法部分合成8个寡核苷酸片段,应用重叠PCR技术扩增出完整改形重链基因V_H,并克隆、酶切和测序鉴定.将所克隆V_H基因插入表达载体pCOMB3和 pGEX-4T-1中进行表达.经 IPTG诱导表达,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和 Western blot分析以及 ELISA检测,结果发现分泌型表达产物及 M13基因Ⅲ-V_H改形单域抗体融合蛋白具有与CD3单抗竞争抑制的活性;而融合型单链抗体及改形单域抗体表达产物主要以包涵体形式存在,占细菌总蛋白的 30％左右.     

Protein fabrication automation

Facile "writing" of DNA fragments that encode entire gene sequences potentially has widespread applications in biological analysis and engineering. Rapid writing of open reading frames (ORFs) for expressed proteins could transform protein engineering and production for protein design, synthetic biology, and structural analysis. Here we present a process, protein fabrication automation (PFA), which facilitates the rapid de novo construction of any desired ORF from oligonucleotides with low effort, high speed, and little human interaction. PFA comprises software for sequence design, data management, and the generation of instruction sets for liquid-handling robotics, a liquid-handling robot, a robust PCR scheme for gene assembly from synthetic oligonucleotides, and a genetic selection system to enrich correctly assembled full-length synthetic ORFs. The process is robust and scalable.     

人脂联素重组克隆载体构建

目的：构建含有人脂联素（adiponectin,ad）基因的重组克隆载体pEGFP-N1-AD,为进一步研究AD与脂质代谢及代谢综合征关系奠定基础。方法：根据Gene-Bank中已经公布的AD设计引物,从含有目的基因的质粒克隆模板中,利用PCR方法钓取目的基因。将AD基因克隆到真核表达载体pEGFP-N1中。酶切、PCR、及测序鉴定。结果：PCR、酶切及测序鉴定证实目的基因正确克隆至真核表达载体pEGFP-N1中,测序结果与Gene—Bank报道一致。结论：成功构建了AD重组克隆真核表达载体。     

A simple and accurate two-step long DNA sequences synthesis strategy to improve heterologous gene expression in pichia

In vitro gene chemical synthesis is a powerful tool to improve the expression of gene in heterologous system. In this study, a two-step gene synthesis strategy that combines an assembly PCR and an overlap extension PCR (AOE) was developed. In this strategy, the chemically synthesized oligonucleotides were assembled into several 200-500 bp fragments with 20-25 bp overlap at each end by assembly PCR, and then an overlap extension PCR was conducted to assemble all these fragments into a full length DNA sequence. Using this method, we de novo designed and optimized the codon of Rhizopus oryzae lipase gene ROL (810 bp) and Aspergillus niger phytase gene phyA (1404 bp). Compared with the original ROL gene and phyA gene, the codon-optimized genes expressed at a significantly higher level in yeasts after methanol induction. We believe this AOE method to be of special interest as it is simple, accurate and has no limitation with respect to the size of the gene to be synthesized. Combined with de novo design, this method allows the rapid synthesis of a gene optimized for expression in the system of choice and production of sufficient biological material for molecular characterization and biotechnological application.     

Fc段受体结合蛋白(SPA-SPG)基因克隆表达及其在IgG纯化中的应用

利用生物信息学,遴选编码ＳＰＡ及ＳＰＧ蛋白的基因,进行密码子优化,将目的基因分割成互为重叠的小片段寡聚核苷酸链,采用一步升温后T4 DNA连接酶连接的方法,合成了编码ＳＰＡ及ＳＰＧ蛋白的融合基因.将其克隆到pSK质粒进行扩增, 经测序、修正后再克隆到表达载体,高效表达了带His6的融合蛋白——蛋白ＡＧ.将蛋白ＡＧ共价结合到表面带羧基的磁粒上,形成蛋白ＡＧ磁粒复合物,用此复合物可在1 h内从大鼠、小鼠、人、猕猴、马、羊及猪等常用实验动物血清中纯化ＩｇＧ.     

Prohibitin特异性MiRRNAi表达载体构建及其干扰效果测定

目的：构建携带prohibitin（PHB-1）基因的MiRRNAi真核表达载体pcDNA^TM 6．2-GW／EmGFP-MiR,并观察其转染HEK293细胞株前后PHB-1的表达变化。方法：根据GenBank中prohibifin的序列,设计特异的两条互补的单链寡核苷酸退火后形成双链,克隆至pcDNA^TM6．2-GW／EmGFP-MiR质粒缺口末端,连接在质粒上生成含MiRRNAipcDNA^TM6．2．GW／EmGFP-MiR-PHB载体,测序鉴定后,用脂质体将重组子转染至HEK293细胞中,用Westernblotting检测干扰后HEK293细胞内PHB-1表达的变化。结果：将目的序列成功连接到载体上,并经测序分析证实载体构建成功。Westernblotting检测结果证实构建的PHB-1 MiR RNA表达重组体可显著抑制HEK293细胞内PHB-1的表达。结论：成功构建了携带PHB-1基因的MiR RNAi真核表达载体。     

Expression in Escherichia coli of a synthetic gene coding for horse heart myoglobin

A gene for expression of horse heart myoglobin in Escherichia coli has been constructed in one step from long synthetic oligonucleotides. The synthetic gene contains an efficient translation initiation signal and used codons that are commonly found in E. coli. Unique restriction sites are placed throughout the gene. It has been inserted in a phagemid vector and is expressed from the lac promoter in E. coli at high efficiency, the soluble heme protein representing approximately 10% of soluble protein. Two versions of horse heart myoglobin were produced with aspartic acid or asparagine at residue 122. Comparison of chromatographic mobilities of these two proteins with authentic horse heart myoglobin identified aspartic acid as the correct residue 122. The availability of this gene, which is designed to facilitate oligonucleotide mutagenesis or cassette mutagenesis, will allow systematic structure-function analysis of horse heart myoglobin.     

A novel approach for the construction of plant amiRNA expression vectors

Artificial microRNA (amiRNA) technology has been applied in Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants to efficiently silence target genes of interest. Here we described a novel approach to construct plant amiRNA expression vectors with seamless enzyme-free cloning (SEFC) and mating-assisted genetically integrated cloning (MAGIC). Two pairs of primers were designed when the loop of amiRNA precursor was longer than 60 bp while three oligonucleotides were used to amplify the linearized vector containing the amiRNA precursor whose loop was smaller than 60 bp. The PCR products were transformed into Escherichia coli to generate the donor plasmid containing the amiRNA expression cassette through homologous recombination in vivo. The amiRNA expression cassette was then transferred to the recipient plasmid via MAGIC and an amiRNA expression plasmid was created. More than 200 amiRNA expression vectors were generated with this approach, three of which have been transformed into A. thaliana and successfully silence the target genes. Given its low-cost and simplicity, this novel approach of plant amiRNA expression vectors construction will benefit the study of individual gene function and establishment of plant amiRNA libraries.     

Gateway Vectors for Efficient Artificial Gene Assembly In Vitro and Expression in Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Construction of synthetic genetic networks requires the assembly of DNA fragments encoding functional biological parts in a defined order. Yet this may become a time-consuming procedure. To address this technical bottleneck, we have created a series of Gateway shuttle vectors and an integration vector, which facilitate the assembly of artificial genes and their expression in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our method enables the rapid construction of an artificial gene from a promoter and an open reading frame (ORF) cassette by one-step recombination reaction in vitro. Furthermore, the plasmid thus created can readily be introduced into yeast cells to test the assembled gene’s functionality. As flexible regulatory components of a synthetic genetic network, we also created new versions of the tetracycline-regulated transactivators tTA and rtTA by fusing them to the auxin-inducible degron (AID). Using our gene assembly approach, we made yeast expression vectors of these engineered transactivators, AIDtTA and AIDrtTA and then tested their functions in yeast. We showed that these factors can be regulated by doxycycline and degraded rapidly after addition of auxin to the medium. Taken together, the method for combinatorial gene assembly described here is versatile and would be a valuable tool for yeast synthetic biology.     

Synthesis of a gene for human serum albumin and its expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A 1761 base pairs long artificial gene coding for human serum albumin (HSA) has been prepared by a newly developed synthetic approach, resulting in the largest synthetic gene so far described. Oligonucleotides corresponding to only one strand of the HSA gene were prepared by chemical synthesis, while the complementary strand was obtained by a combination of enzymatic and cloning steps. 24 synthetic, 69-85 nucleotides long oligonucleotides covering the major part of the HSA gene (41-1761 nucleotides) were used as building blocks. Generally, four groups of 6-6 such oligonucleotides were successively cloned in pUC19 Escherichia coli vector to obtain about quarters of the gene as large fragments. Joining of these four fragments resulted in a cloned DNA coding for the 13-585 amino acid region of HSA, which was further supplemented with a double-stranded linker sequence coding for the amino terminal 12 amino acids. The completed structural gene composed of frequently used codons in the highly expressed yeast genes was then supplied with yeast regulatory sequences and the HSA expression cassette so obtained was inserted into an Escherichia coli-Saccharomyces cerevisiae shuttle vector. This vector was shown to direct the expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of correctly processed, mature HSA which was recognized by antiserum to HSA, and possessed the correct N-terminal amino acid sequence.     

利用载体介导小干扰RNA诱导RSRC1基因沉默

目的：设计并构建人RSRC1基因小干扰RNA（siRNA）的真核表达载体,并观察其沉默效果。方法：以人RSRC1基因的cDNA序列为靶标,设计含有小发卡结构的2条寡核苷酸序列,并将其克隆到siRNA表达载体pSliencer2.1-U6neo上,转化大肠杆菌DH5α菌株,抽提质粒,测序正确后将重组质粒转染人胚肾293T细胞,通过Western blot和荧光分析检测其抑制效果。结果：重组体测序成功后,Western blot分析证明构建的siRNA能有效抑制外源性及内源性RSRC1表达;将siRNA重组质粒和带GFP标签的RSRC1共转染293T细胞,荧光显微镜下GFP的亮度明显减弱。结论：获得了2条人RSRC1siRNA真核表达载体,均能有效地抑制RSRC1基因表达。