古尼拟青霉最佳镇痛活性培养基的筛选

以1株有镇痛活性的古尼拟青霉为试验材料,从5种培养基中筛选出使该株产生最佳镇痛活性成分的培养基。结果表明:产生镇痛活性成分的最佳发酵时间为6 d,最佳培养基为改良沙氏培养基Ⅰ,其成分为葡萄糖20 g,甘油5 g,可溶性淀粉5 g,KCl 0.5 g,MgSO4.7H2O 0.5 g,KH2PO4.3H2O 1 g,FeSO4.7H2O 0.5 g,pH 7～8。     

古尼拟青霉和蝙蝠蛾拟青霉发酵菌丝体挥发性成分的分析与比较

对蝙蝠蛾拟青霉Paecilomyces hepiali和古尼拟青霉P. gunnii菌丝体的挥发性成分进行了研究,采用同时蒸馏萃取法分别提取两种菌丝体中的挥发性成分,经GC-MS联用仪对挥发性成分进行分离鉴定,分别分析出25种和32种挥发性成分。在蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体挥发性成分中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和1,5-二氢-1-甲基-2H-吡咯-2-酮相对含量较高,分别占65.78%和12.77%;在古尼拟青霉菌丝体中挥发性成分2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛相对含量较高,分别占62.11%和12.32%。两种菌丝粉共有8种共有成分,分别占蝙蝠蛾拟青霉挥发性成分的71.58%,古尼拟青霉挥发性成分的69.67%;由此可见蝙蝠蛾拟青霉和古尼拟青霉菌丝体主要挥发性物质的成分是相同的。通过对蝙蝠蛾拟青霉和古尼拟青霉挥发性成分的研究,为我们进一步了解这两种真菌菌丝体的药理作用提供了实验依据。     

玫烟色拟青霉最适液体培养条件的研究

通过对不同营养和不同培养条件下玫烟色拟青霉菌丝生物量和产孢量的研究,结果表明:葡萄糖为玫烟色拟青霉液体培养的最适碳源,蛋白胨为该菌生长的最适氮源,C/N为10∶1~20∶1最适于玫烟色拟青霉菌丝生长和产孢;25℃2、4 h全光照条件,对该菌生长和产孢均有利。接种后144~168 h时,菌丝生物量和产孢量均达到高峰,分别为31.72 mg/mL、24.62孢子/mL,为黑暗条件下的1.5倍和18.3倍,因此玫烟色拟青霉液体发酵终点应选择在接种后144~168 h为最好。     

古尼拟青霉液体发酵液有机粗提物产量的研究

目的:培养基成分对古尼拟青霉液体发酵液有机粗提物产量的影响。方法:采用正交设计方法,考察古尼拟青霉液体发酵培养基3种组分马铃薯、葡萄糖和蛋白胨对其菌丝体与发酵液有机粗提物量的影响。结果:在马铃薯300g/L,蛋白胨8g/L,葡萄糖30g/L时,古尼拟青霉液体发酵液有机粗提物产量可达到136.3mg/L。结论:培养基成分对古尼拟青霉液体发酵有机粗提物产量有显著影响,该文结果对指导古尼拟青霉液体的深层发酵具有参考价值。     

古尼虫草的生物活性物质I含肽镇痛组分的分离及性质

用理化分离分析和生物检测方法相结合,从古尼虫草(Cordyceps gunnii(Berk.)Berk.)无性型,古尼拟青霉(Paecilomyces gunnii Liang)菌丝体中初步分离纯化得到镇痛物质,该物质经氨基酸组成分析表明是一种酸性氨基酸残基高的肽类物质。经不同温度、pH及蛋白酶的稳定性试验分析观察到这种肽类物质对酸稳定、在酸性条件下抗热,对胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶部分敏感,对蛋白酶K不敏感。经小鼠竖尾法和大鼠攻击法测定,无吗啡类药物依赖性。     

拟青霉属一新种及其杀蚜活性

从病死棉蚜（ＡｐｈｉｓｇｏｓｓｙｐｉｉＧｌｏｖｅｒ）分离到拟青霉属一新种－灰绿拟青霉（ＰａｅｃｉｌｏｍｙｃｅｓｇｒｉｓｅｉｖｉｒｄｉｓＭ．Ｘ．Ｄａｉｌ）。在查氏琼脂和ＰＤＡ上菌落呈灰绿色,瓶梗１．８～３．２×５．６～１０．３μｍ基部椭圆形膨大或呈圆柱状,上部明显变细,分生孢子纺锤形,单胞,壁光滑,１．２０～１．８×２．８～４．４μｍ分生孢子对蚜虫具有侵染力,该菌发酵液（离心后）亦具有一定的杀蚜活性     

古尼虫草分生孢子阶段的分离和鉴定

用古尼虫草[Cordyceps gunnii(Berk.)Berk.]的子座和内菌核作组织分离,用成熟子座自然发射的子囊孢子作孢子分离,经多批次重复操作结果皆获得同一种真菌培养物。鉴定表明这种真菌是拟青霉属的一个新种——古尼拟青霉(Paecilomyces gunnii Liang sp.nov.)。它的主要特征是,在察氏琼脂上菌落白色至灰色,背面棕色;分生孢子梗短,多从气生菌丝上长出,一般长60μm;瓶梗7—12(-19)×2—3(-4)μm,有再育现象;分生孢子多数拟椭圆形或梭形,表面具细刺,(1.6-)2.6—4.0(-4.8)×(1.2-)1.6—2.5(-3.5)μm,平均大小为4.0×2.6μm;厚垣孢子近球形,光滑;5.5—7.2×3.2—5.5μm。32℃以上不生长。     

蝉拟青霉LB菌株的生物学特性

本文研究碳源、氮源、温度、湿度、pH值和光照等对蝉拟青霉LB菌株生长、产孢和孢子萌发的影响.结果表明,适合该菌株菌落生长和产孢的最佳碳源是可溶性淀粉和蔗糖,最佳氮源为蛋白胨;菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最适温度范围是25℃～27℃,产生分生孢子的最适温度是25℃;分生孢子萌发所需湿度范围是RH 90%～100%,当RH低于90%时很难萌发;在pH值4～10的范围内该菌能生长和产孢,菌丝生长最适pH为6,产生分生孢子和孢子萌发最适pH范围为6-7;光照处理对该菌产孢有一定的影响;分生孢子的致死条件为55℃ 10min.生物学特性显示,蝉拟青霉LB菌株是一株对营养要求不高、对环境适应能力较强的昆虫病原真菌.     

分离自蜻蜒虫草的拟青霉属一新种

本文描述了拟青霉属(Paecilomyces)一新种—蜻蜓拟青霉(P. odonatae),该菌分离自蜻蜓虫草(Cordyceps odonatae),与其它种的典型区别特征是它具有拟青霉型产孢结构,产椭圆形链状排列的分生孢子和枝顶孢霉型产孢结构,产柱状粘成团排列的分生孢子.     

拟青霉属一新种及其杀蚜活性

从病死棉蚜（AphisgossypiiGlover)分离到拟青霉属一新种一灰绿拟青霉（PaecilomycesgriseiviridisM．X．Dai）。在查氏琼脂和PDA上菌落呈灰绿色。瓶梗1．8～3．2×5．6～10．3μm,基部椭圆形膨大或呈圆柱状,上部明显变细;分生孢子纺锤形,单胞,壁光滑,1．2～1．8×2．8～4．4μm。分生孢子对蚜虫具有侵染力;该菌发酵液（离心后）亦具有一定的杀蚜活性。     

两株古尼拟青霉菌株的镇痛差异蛋白质组学研究

为了探明古尼虫草无性型——古尼拟青霉差异表达蛋白与镇痛活性之间的关系,对有镇痛活性和无镇痛活性的两个古尼拟青霉菌株,进行蛋白质差异表达研究,结果显示,活性菌株（HZJ-1）中出现或表达显著上调的蛋白质点数为51个,结构鉴定得到39个类别功能各异的蛋白质,其中大量蛋白与代谢相关,其中NADP特异性谷氨酸脱氢酶可能参与使长时程突触传递的效能减弱的作用,从而减弱了疼痛的发生。另外几个保守假定蛋白的功能尚未鉴定,还有待进一步研究。     

古尼拟青霉麦角甾醇高产液体培养条件及提取工艺的优化

以古尼拟青霉生物量和麦角甾醇含量为指标,对古尼拟青霉的高产麦角甾醇培养条件及麦角甾醇提取工艺进行了优化。正交试验结果表明,高产麦角甾醇的最适液体培养基为蔗糖4%,麸皮2%,KH2PO4 0.025%和NaCl 0.05%;响应面实验结果表明,麦角甾醇最佳提取工艺为：提取溶剂浓度为80%乙醇,液料比为200:1,提取时间为65min。     

斜链拟青霉多糖活性组分的分离及其清除自由基活性

对斜链拟青霉胞外多糖进行体外清除自由基活性研究。利用醇沉法从斜链拟青霉发酵液中醇沉获得斜链拟青霉胞外多糖,经DEAE-纤维素-52柱层析后得到1个主峰P3和2个小峰P1与P2,对主峰P3进行Sephadex G-100柱层析,表明P3为纯化物; 应用DPPH-酶标法和化学发光法分别对P3进行清除DPPH·、·OH和O-2·能力测试。结果表明：P3对DPPH·、·OH和O-2·均具有明显的清除能力,且与浓度呈量效关系,IC50分别为0.083、0.121和0.214 mg/mL。     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the entomopathogenic hyphomycete,Paecilomyces fumosoroseus

Nine microsatellite markers were isolated from the entomopathogenic haploid fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. Genetic diversity was assessed in 26 P. fumosoroseus isolates originated from the whitefly Bemisia tabaci collected in various geoclimatic areas. Eight loci were polymorphic with an observed number of alleles ranging from two to six. The loci differentiated some isolates and group of isolates according to their geographical location, showing promise for the study of gene flow. All loci failed to give clear amplifications in P. fumosoroseus isolates from hosts other than B. tabaci. These microsatellite markers provide powerful tools for ecological, epidemiological, and population genetic studies.     

人工饲料成分对甜菜夜蛾核多角体 病毒产量的影响

通过采取单因素和正交组合设计的方法,研究了甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua人工饲料中黄豆粉、酵母粉和麦麸3种主要营养成分对甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒产量的影响,同时获得甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒高产优化组合方案：酵母粉7 g、黄豆粉14 g和麦麸6 g。此外,还研究了4种无机盐和1种非蛋白氮对甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒产量的影响。     

Phenotypic flexibility as key factor in the human nutrition and health relationship

Metabolic adaptation to a disturbance of homeostasis is determined by a series of interconnected physiological processes and molecular mechanisms that can be followed in space (i.e., different organs or organelles) and in time. The amplitudes of these responses of this “systems flexibility network” determine to what extent the individual can adequately react to external challenges of varying nature and thus determine the individual’s health status and disease predisposition. Connected pathways and regulatory networks act as “adaptive response systems” with metabolic and inflammatory processes as a core—but embedded into psycho-neuro-endocrine control mechanisms that in their totality define the phenotypic flexibility in an individual. Optimal metabolic health is thus the orchestration of all mechanisms and processes that maintain this flexibility in an organism as a phenotype. Consequently, onset of many chronic metabolic diseases results from impairment or even loss of flexibility in parts of the system. This also means that metabolic diseases need to be diagnosed and treated from a systems perspective referring to a “systems medicine” approach. This requires a far better understanding of the mechanisms involved in maintaining, optimizing and restoring phenotypic flexibility. Although a loss of flexibility in a specific part of the network may promote pathologies, this not necessarily takes place in the same part because the system compensates. Diagnosis at systems level therefore needs the quantification of the response reactions of all relevant parts of the phenotypic flexibility system. This can be achieved by disturbing the homeostatic system by any challenge from extended fasting, to intensive exercise or a caloric overload.