Bromine-Induced Selective N-Monodemethylation of N6, N6-Dimethyl-2′,3′-O-isopropylideneadenosine

Abstract

Bromination of the title compound 1 with bromine in phosphate buffer has led to 8-bromo-N⁶, N⁶-dimethyl-2′,3′-0-isopropylidene-adenosine (2) and 2′,3′-0-isopropylidene-N⁶-methyladenosine (3). Under similar conditions, compound 2 gave 8-bromo-2′,3′-0-isopropylidene-N⁶-methyladenosine (4). The transformations 1 → 3 and 2 → 4 represent biomimetic models of in vivo N⁶-demethylation of antibiotic puromycin.     

The Structure of “N1, N6-Carbonyladenosine”

Abstract

Re-interpretation of the available data led to structural assignment of the title N¹, N⁶carbonyladenosine (1b) as N⁶,N⁶-carbonyldiadenosine (4b).     

Antimicrobial efficacy of some N,N’-Dialkyl-N,N’-dimethyl-1, 6-hexanediamine dioxides

A total of 17 N,N'-dialkyl-N,N'-dimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine dioxides were tested for activity against three microorganisms. A relationship was found between the length of the alkyl substituent and antimicrobial activity.     

1株H6N6亚型禽流感病毒分子遗传特性分析

本研究采用无特定病原体(specific pathogen free,SPF)鸡胚,从某活禽市场环境中分离出1株H6N6亚型禽流感病毒(A/environment/Zhenjiang/zj18/2013,en/zj18)。通过二代测序技术进行全基因组测序,通过BLASTn 进行同源性检索,并采用MEGA5.0软件构建系统发生树。基因进化树分析表明,分离株en/zj18的所有8个基因节段(PB2、PB1、PA、HA、NP、NA、M和NS)均与近年来中国华东地区流行的H6N6亚型禽流感病毒的相应基因位于同一进化分支,与参考株的核苷酸同源性达96.7%～99.6%。分离株en/zj18的HA蛋白裂解位点为PQIETR↓GL,是低致病性禽流感病毒的分子特征。HA蛋白上关键受体结合位点190和228位(按H3亚型的HA蛋白序列排序)氨基酸分别是E和G,理论上更易与α2,3-半乳糖苷唾液酸受体结合。结果提示,需加强活禽市场禽流感病毒的持续监测,从而为有效应对禽流感病毒对公共卫生的持续威胁提供科学依据。     

广西鸭源H6N6亚型禽流感病毒NA的序列分析

2009年至2014年间我单位在广西南宁、防城港和梧州三市活禽交易市场进行流行病学调查时,在鸭咽喉和泄殖腔中分离到10株H6亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)毒株。为了解这10株病毒的神经氨酸酶基因(NA)的分子特征和差异,我们运用RT-PCR对这10株H6亚型禽流感病毒的NA基因进行了扩增、序列测定及分析。结果显示,所分离的10株病毒均为H6N6亚型流感病毒。序列同源性分析结果表明A/DK/NN/6121/2013株的NA基因与其他9株NA基因差异性较大,差异性达到5.4%~5.9%,其余9株之间相似性在97.9%~100%;南宁与防城港、南宁与梧州以及梧州与防城港毒株相似性分别为94.5%~100%、94.1%~98.1%和97.8%~98.5%,这些数据表明不同毒株呈现一定的地域性差异。氨基酸序列分析发现10个毒株NA基因上潜在的糖基化位点也有所不同,表明这些毒株有异源性。遗传进化分析表明10株NA基因片段均属于欧亚谱系的禽源演化分支,除了南宁市的DK/NN/6121与福建相应毒株遗传进化关系较近外,其他9株与越南的相应毒株相互之间遗传进化关系都很亲近,且与越南A/duck/Vietnam/LBM235/2012(H3N6)株的NA基因存在很近的遗传关系,推测它们之间的基因可能存在基因交流;同时发现与台湾和韩国等的毒株关联不大。     

N6-甲基腺嘌呤修饰与环状RNA

N6-甲基腺嘌呤(N6-methyladenosine,m6A)是发生在腺嘌呤第6位氮原子上的甲基化修饰,广泛存在于多种真核生物的RNA中。环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一类表达稳定的非编码RNA。该文分别从m6A影响circRNA的形成和翻译、降解、出核、先天免疫,通过下游分子影响circRNA的方面,以及circRNA竞争性结合三种m6A相关酶影响其他RNA的m6A修饰,海绵吸附微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)靶向m6A相关酶,调控甲基转移酶的表达,结合去甲基化酶的mRNA促进其表达,增强去甲基化酶与mRNA的相互作用,结合并参与泛素化降解m6A结合蛋白的方面,及其他间接联系方面总结归纳了二者之间的作用机制,以期为研究m6A与circRNA相互影响的机制提供参考。     

番鸭源H6N6亚型禽流感病毒全基因组的分子特征

【目的】为了丰富水禽源禽流感病毒的分子流行病学资料,明确我国国内首次分离的番鸭源H6N6亚型禽流感(Avian influenza virus,AIV)病毒A/Muscovy Duck/Fujian/FZ01/2008(H6N6)(以下简称MD/FJ/F1/08)全基因组的分子特征,弄清该病毒的遗传进化特点。【方法】对其8个基因片段分别进行扩增和序列测定,并利用分子生物学软件对测序结果进行序列分析。【结果】MD/FJ/F1/08的HA裂解位点附近的氨基酸序列为PSMKVIV↓GL,为非连续的碱性氨基酸,其静脉接种指数(the intravenoys pathogenicity index,IVPI)为0.15,推测其为一株低致病力AIV。其HA基因、NP基因、M基因和PB2基因均与我国台湾分离株A/duck/Kingmen/E322/04(H6N2)该基因的核苷酸同源性最高,分别高达94.2%、95.7%、97.2%和95.6%,均处于同一遗传进化分支。其NA基因和我国远东分离株A/duck/Eastern China/01/2007(H4N6)同源性最高,达97.1%;其颈部有11个氨基酸的缺失(TNSTTTIINNN),为N6亚型神经氨酸酶基因中首次报道,在遗传进化上和H4N6亚型AIV的NA基因处于相同的分支。NS基因和香港地区分离株A/duck/HongKong/3600/99(H6N2)同源性最高,达96.1%;PB1和PA均与高致病性禽流感病毒株A/duck/HongKong/140/1998(H5N1)同源性最高,达95.6%和96.7%。且MD/FJ/F1/08的8基因与H6N6亚型流感病毒北美洲分离代表株均不处在同一遗传进化分支上,相互之间遗传关系较远。【结论】MD/FJ/F1/08可能是由H6N2、H4N6和H5N1等多亚型AIV基因重组而成。     

Polymyxin Acylase: An Enzyme Causing Intramolecular N2⇄N6 Acyl Transfer in N-Monooctanoyl-l-Lysine

Polymyxin acylase from Pseudomonas sp. M-6-3 can deacylate not only polymyxin antibiotics, but also A-fatty acyl-peptides and N-fatty acyl-amino acids. We found that this enzyme causes intramolecular N²?N⁶ acyl transfer in monooctanoyl-l-lysine; when N²-octanoyl-l-lysine is the substrate, N⁶-octanoyl- l-lysine is produced at pH 10.5, but when N⁶-octanoyl- l-lysine is the substrate, N²-octanoyl- l-lysine is produced at pH 8.0. In these reactions, the deacylation proceeded gradually at the final stage and eventually, both N²-octanoyl- l-lysine and N⁶-octanoyl- l-lysine were hydrolyzed to l-lysine and octanoic acid. Furthermore, this enzyme showed intermolecular acyltrans- ferase activity, transferring several N-octanoyl- dl-amino acids to N-octanoyl-hydroxylamine. This acyltransfer ability of polymyxin acylase offers a new method of enzymic N-acylation of compounds containing amino components.     

鸭源H6N6亚型AIV荧光定量PCR方法的建立及应用

[目的]为检测鸭感染H6N6亚型AIV后排毒及在组织器官病毒分布情况。[方法]通过建立H6N6亚型AIV荧光定量PCR检测方法,以H6N6亚型AIV M基因保守序列设计特异性引物,将分离到的H6N6亚型AIV病毒反转录为cDNA,进行pMD18-T-M基因克隆质粒构建,以其为标准品建立荧光定量PCR标准曲线,并进行敏感性和重复性试验,利用所建立的方法检测鸭感染H6N6亚型AIV后排毒及在组织器官病毒分布情况。[结果]该方法灵敏度高,最低检测到1.0×10^(1) copies/μL,从而可以得出拷贝数与Ct值之间的线性关系曲线表达式:Ct=-3.408×lg Copynumber+33.773(R^(2)=0.998),线性范围为1.0×10^(7)~1.0×10^(1)拷贝/μL,熔解峰的熔解温度在83℃左右。[结论]表明建立的鸭源H6N6亚型AIV荧光定量PCR检测方法,特异性强,重复性好,为后续实验研究提供了技术和数据支撑。     

MRNA N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)修饰与发育调控

有关RNA的修饰有超过100种不同的修饰方式,其中信使RNA修饰中的N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)是最重要的修饰之一,其由甲基转移酶复合物m6A "writer"生成,与RNA结合蛋白m6A "readers"特异性结合,通过去甲基酶m6A"erasers"除去。m6A修饰涉及参与mRNA加工过程中的多个步骤,以此实现其对基因的转录后表达的调节,尤其是能够在发育过渡期间通过靶向m6A标记来降解该转录物,从而调节发育过程。本文重点介绍m6A修饰在发育过程的主要生物学功能及其机制,并比较其在不同物种之间的差异。     

Were there any "misassignments" among iron-sulfur clusters N4, N5 and N6b in NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (complex I)?

NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) in bovine heart mitochondria has a molecular weight of approximately 1 million Da composed of 45 distinct subunits. It is the largest energy transducing complex so far known. Bacterial complex I is simpler and smaller, but the essential redox components and the basic mechanisms of electron and proton translocation are the same. Over the past three decades, Ohnishi et al. have pursued extensive EPR studies near liquid helium temperatures and characterized most of the iron-sulfur clusters in complex I. Recently, Yakovlev et al. [G. Yakovlev, T. Reda, J. Hirst, Reevaluating the relationship between EPR spectra and enzyme structure for the iron-sulfur clusters in NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104 (2007) 12720-12725] challenged Ohnishi's group by claiming that there were EPR "misassignments" among clusters N4, N5 and N6b (in order to prevent confusion, we used current consensus nomenclature, as the nickname). They claimed that we misassigned EPR signals arising from cluster N5 to cluster N4, and signals from cluster N6b to cluster N4. They also proposed that cluster N5 has (4Cys)-ligands. Based on the accumulated historical data and recent results of our site-specific mutagenesis experiments, we confirmed that cluster N5 has (1His+3Cys)-ligands as we had predicted. We revealed that E. coli cluster N5 signals could be clearly detected at the sample temperature around 3 K with microwave power higher than 5 mW. Thus Hirst's group could not detect N5 signals under any of their EPR conditions, reported in their PNAS paper. It seems that they misassigned the signals from cluster N4 to N5. As to the claim of "misassignment" between clusters N4 and N6b, that was not a possibility because our mutagenesis systems did not contain cluster N6b. Therefore, we believe that we have not made any "misassignment" in our work.     

STAT6识别N4位点DNA的结构基础被揭示

正天然免疫又称为固有免疫,存在于所有多细胞生物中,从1883年发现细胞的吞噬现象至今,天然免疫的研究经历了130多年,但是直到20世纪90年代,法国科学家Jules Hoffmann和美国科学家Bruce Beutler     

中国台湾地区H6N1禽流感病毒血凝素基因的适应性进化

2013年在中国台湾地区发现了第一例人感染H6N1禽流感,研究该地区H6N1病毒血凝素基因(HA)的适应性进化特征和种群动力学,将为人感染H6N1病毒的来源、进化及致病机制的理解提供更多信息,为进一步的研究和防治提供一定帮助。本研究从Flu和GISAID两大数据库中获得中国台湾地区所有已释放的H6N1病毒的HA序列,构建系统发育树和进化动力曲线,并推测其进化速率,分析其适应性进化特征。结果表明中国台湾地区H6N1病毒的HA有五种类型,其中人感染H6N1病毒的HA所属类型为目前当地优势类型;该病毒种群于1971年底第一次扩张,2008年迅速减少,而后又略有增加。同时在长期的进化过程中,3个位点受到正选择作用的影响,增加了病毒的适应能力;89个位点受负选择作用的影响,它们在病毒的复制、流行中可能具有重要的功能;其中剪切位点附近的329位所受负选择作用强烈(PSLAC0.001、PFEL0.000、BFREL137),此位点可能与病毒毒力有关。中国台湾地区H6N1病毒的HA已发生了明显的适应性进化,具有发生疫情的可能性,人们应高度重视,并能及时给与监测和防治。     

三种四膜虫全基因组N6-甲基腺嘌呤比较研究

为了揭示N6-甲基腺嘌呤(6mA)在近缘物种间的分布规律和物种进化过程中的变化, 研究在分离2种四膜虫(Tetrahymena malaccensis和Tetrahymena pyriformi)大核的基础上, 利用三代测序技术绘制了其全基因组单碱基分辨率6mA图谱, 结合公共数据库中已有的模式种Tetrahymena thermophila数据, 开展了3种四膜虫比较6mA甲基化组分析, 发现: (1)3种四膜虫6mA甲基化位点分布特征类似, 包括呈约200 bp周期性分布和具有保守AT基序; (2)6mA主要分布于基因的5′端, 在种间直系同源基因上的分布模式具有区域近似性, 但在单碱基水平不完全保守; (3)在种内近期复制的并系同源基因中, 6mA分布在单碱基水平具有较高的保守性; (4)结合3种四膜虫的分化时间, 估算出了四膜虫中6mA动态变化过程, 6mA位点建立的速度大约为每Mb每百万年69.9—226个位点。     

The increase in activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in skeletal muscles of rats after subcutaneous administration of N,N′-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine

Summary After subcutaneous administration of N,N-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine (DPPD) in rats, a myogenic myopathy was produced in the skeletal muscles. In this communication, the results of the application of various histochemical techniques for the localization of oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases and isomerases and biochemical techniques for the estimation of activities of oxidoreductases in the experimental skeletal muscles are presented. The most striking result was the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase which increased dramatically during the early phase of the muscle disease. The increase in activity of the pentose phosphate shunt enzymes was the first pathological alteration and was present as early as 8 h after a single injection of DPPD. Histochemical techniques for demonstration of activity of both enzymes are therefore highly suited for the detection of minor diseases and the early onset of major diseases of the neuromuscular system. Some glycolytic enzymes as well as some enzymes of the aerobic part of the metabolism showed an early decrease or increase in activity indicating a metabolic imbalance in the muscle fibres. There were more fibres with an intermediate pattern of the energy yielding enzymes in the experimental muscle specimens then in specimens from the control groups. The activity of the catabolic hydrolytic enzymes was strongly increased in pathological muscles. The aerobic muscles were more vulnerable to DPPD than the anaerobic muscles.     

Reactions of Nb2Cl6(SMe2)3 and Ta2Cl6(SMe2)3 with compounds containing NN single bonds

Ta₂Cl₆(SMe₂)₃ reacts with PhHNNHPh to afford Ta₂Cl₄(μ-Cl)₂(μ-PhN)(PhNH₂)₃ (1) a compound with a Ta^IVTa^IV single bond, with a length of 2.644(1) Å. The compound crystallizes in space group Pnma with unit cell dimensions a = 22.960(8), b = 16.875(4), c = 6.367(3) Å, V = 2467(1) ų, and Z = 4. The reaction of Nb₂Cl₆(SMe₂)₃ with PhHCNNCHPh, merely on mixing at room temperature produced Nb₂Cl₆(SMe₂) [PhHC(N)PhHCNHNCHPh]·C₇H₈ (2) as large red crystals in ca. 50% yield. The molecule consists of two Nb^IV atoms, one six-coordinate and the other seven-coordinate, united by three bridging atoms (Cl, Cl, N) and a NbNb bond of length 2.681(1) Å. The way in which the tridentate triazo ligand is generated is completely obscure. Crystallographic data for 2: space group P2₁/n with a = 11.393(3), b = 11.988(3), c = 27.233(7) Å, β = 100.75(2)°, V = 3654(3) Å, and Z = 4.     

植物DNA和mRNA中N6-甲基腺嘌呤的比较研究

DNA、RNA的甲基化作为重要的表观遗传标记,在真核生物多个细胞过程中发挥作用.DNA中的 N6-甲基腺嘌呤(N6-methyladenine in DNA,6mA)和 RNA 中的 N6-甲基腺嘌呤(N6-methyladenine inRNA,m6A)均为来自腺嘌呤第6位的甲基化修饰,在合成和功能上有相似性也有区别...