Cytosporones,coumarins, and an alkaloid from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. isolated from the Chinese mangrove plant Rhizophora mucronata

Chemical examination of the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis sp., isolated from the leaves of the Chinese mangrove Rhizophora mucronata, yielded 11 new compounds including cytosporones J–N (1–3, 5–6), five new coumarins pestalasins A–E (8–12), and a new alkaloid named pestalotiopsoid A (14), along with the known compounds cytosporone C (4), dothiorelone B (7), and 3-hydroxymethyl-6,8-dimethoxycoumarin (13). The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analysis.     

Chemical constituents from the leaves of Ilex urceolatus

Eighteen compounds, including four hemiterpene glycosides (1–4), three triterpenoid saponins (5–7), four triterpenes (8–11), five sterols (12-16) and two monoterpene glucosides (17 and 18), were isolated from the leaves of Ilex urceolatus C. B. Shang, K. S. Tang et D. Q. Du, which was identified as a new species belonging to the genus Ilex. Among them, compounds 14–18 were firstly isolated from the genus Ilex, others were obtained from I. urceolatus for the first time. This work represented the initially phytochemical study on this plant. The isolated compounds have significant chemotaxonomic characteristics with the other species from this genus.     

Chemical constituents from the roots of Euphorbia nematocypha Hand.-Mazz.

A new myrsinol-type diterpene (1), three myrsinol-type diterpenes (2–4), three ent-abietane-type diterpenes (5–7), one tigliane-type diterpene (8), two cycloartane-type triterpenes (9–10), and two tirucallane-type triterpenes (11–12) were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia nematocypha Hand.-Mazz. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of their spectral data with those reported in the literature. Compound 12 was isolated and reported from plants for the first time. All compounds were isolated from E. nematocypha for the first time.     

Chemical constituents from the calyces of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii

One new monoterpenoid glycoside (1), together with seven known compounds, including two alkaloids (2–3), three phenylpropanoids (4–6), and two nucleosides (7–8) were isolated from the calyces of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of detailed spectroscopic analyses, chemical methods, and comparison with reported data. These eight compounds were isolated for the first time from the genus Physalis. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarized.     

Antibacterial and anti-phytopathogenic substances from the insect pathogenic fungus Gibellula sp. BCC36964

Four new compounds (1–4), which were (−)-(7R)-7-O-methylsydonic acid, gibellulic acid, gibellulins A and B, together with 14 known compounds (5–17 and orcinol) were isolated from the insect pathogenic fungus, Gibellula sp. BCC36964. The chemical structures were elucidated by employing NMR spectroscopic techniques, physico-chemical data, and chemical method. These compounds were evaluated for the biological activities including anti-bacterial, anti-phytopathogenic, anti-Herpes simplex virus-type 1 activities, and cytotoxicity against both cancerous (MCF-7, KB, NCI-H187) and non-cancerous (Vero) cells.     

Four new glycosides from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia

Four new glycosides, including one anthraquinone glycoside (1), one naphthalene glycoside (2), and two naphthopyrone glycosides (3–4), with 10 known compounds (5–14) were isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. The new structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformations.     

A novel eudesmane sesquiterpene glycoside from Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

A new eudesmane sesquiterpene glycoside (1), five known eudesmane sesquiterpenoids (2–6), and seven known compounds (7–13), were obtained from Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Their structures were elucidated mainly by NMR and MS methods. Among them, compounds 1–4 and 6–9 were isolated from the A. artemisiifolia for the first time and the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarized.     

Flavonoid glycosides from the aerial parts of Curcuma comosa

Four new flavonoid glycosides, curcucomosides A–D (1–4), three known flavonoid glycosides, 5–7, and four known diarylheptanoids, 8–11, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Curcuma comosa. The structures of the new compounds were established as rhamnazin 3-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside (1), rhamnocitrin 3-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside (2), rhamnazin 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside (3), and rhamnocitrin 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside (4) by spectroscopic analysis and chemical reactions whereas those of the known compounds were identified by spectral comparison with those of the reported values.     

Five new C19-diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum carmichaeli

Five new aconitine-type C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloids, namely, carmichaenine A–E (1–5), and six known diterpenoid alkaloids, namely, 14-benzoylneoline (6), neoline (7), 10-hydroxyneoline (8), neolinine (9), songoramine (10), and songorine (11), were isolated from the aerial parts of Aconitum carmichaeli. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR analyses. Compounds 8 and 9 were isolated for the first time from A. carmichaeli.     

Three new cassane-type furanoditerpenes from the seed of Vietnamese Caesalpinia bonducella

Three new cassane-type furanoditerpenes, bonducellpin H (1), bonducellpin I (2), and 7-acetoxycaesalpinin P (3), together with seven known compounds (4–10) have been isolated from the MeOH extract of the seed kernels of Caesalpinia bonducella from Vietnam. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by using spectroscopic techniques.     

Stachybotrysams A–E,prenylated isoindolinone derivatives with anti-HIV activity from the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum

Four new farnesylated isoindolinone derivatives, named stachybotrysams A–D (2–5), and one new farnesyl-cyclized analogue, named stachybotrysam E (6), as well as one known congener (1), were isolated from the filamentous fungus Stachybotrys chartarum CGMCC 3.5365. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis and by comparison with reported data. Compounds 2–4 exhibited significant HIV-inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 9.3, 1.0, and 9.6 μM, respectively.     

Cytotoxic abietane-type diterpenoids from twigs and leaves of Croton laevigatus

Seven new abietane-type diterpenoids, crotolaevigatones A–G (1–7), one new aromatic compound, hexyl Z-ferulate (8), along with three known diterpenoids (9–11) and one known aromatic ester, hexyl E-ferulate (12), were obtained from the twigs and leaves of Croton laevigatus. The structures of all isolated compounds were established on the basis of extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 2 and 7 exhibited weak anti-proliferative activity against the A549 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, while compound 10 selectively showed significant inhibitory activity against the A549 cancer cells.     

Alkaloids from the mangrove endophytic fungus Diaporthe phaseolorum SKS019

Six new alkaloids including four new chromeno[3,2-c]pyridines, diaporphasines A-D (1–4), and two new isoindolinones, meyeroguillines C and D (6–7), as well as three known compounds meyeroguilline A (5), 5-deoxybostrycoidin (8), and fusaristatin A (9), were isolated from an endophytic fungus Diaporthe phaseolorum SKS019. Their structures were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic data. Compounds 1–9 are alkaloid components reported for the first time from the Diaporthe sp., and diaporphasines A-D (1–4) are the third examples of alkaloids possessing the unique chromeno[3,2-c]pyridine nucleus. All isolated compounds 1–9 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in vitro using MDA-MB-435, HepG2, MCF10A, HCT116, and NCI-H460 human cell lines. Compound 8 exhibited cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-435 and NCI-H460 human cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 5.32 and 6.57 μM, respectively, and compound 9 showed growth-inhibitory activity against MDA-MB-435 human cancer cell line with IC₅₀ value of 8.15 μM.     

Chemical constituents from the whole plant of Liparis japonica

A new lignanoid (1), together with six known lignanoids (2–7) and four known flavonoids (8–11), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Liparis japonica. Their structures were determined by analyzing the HRESIMS, NMR, CD spectroscopic data, and comparing with the reported literatures. Among them, 1 was a new compound, 2–11 were first isolated from L. japonica and the genus of Liparis. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolates was comprehensively discussed.     

Xanthone,benzophenone and bianthrone derivatives from the hypersaline lake-derived fungus Aspergillus wentii

Five new metabolites, including the xanthone derivative wentixanthone A (1), the benzophenone wentiphenone A (2), the diastereomeric mixtures of the bianthrones wentibianthrone A (3a, b) and wentibianthrone B (4a, b), as well as (10R,10′S)-wentibianthrone C (5a) and (10R,10′R)-wentibianthrone C (5b) were obtained from the fungus Aspergillus wentii, isolated from soil of the hypersaline lake El Hamra in Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by one and two-dimensional NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis. The relative configuration of bianthrones (3–5) was elucidated by comparison of experimental and computed ¹H NMR chemical shifts. Results of biological assays are reported.     

Chemical constituents from Nelumbo nucifera leaves and their anti-obesity effects

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae), commonly called lotus, is widely distributed throughout Eastern Asia. It has been used for food and medicine for a long time. A phytochemical investigation of N. nucifera leaves led to the isolation of 13 megastigmanes (1–13), including a new megastigmane, nelumnucifoside A (1), and a new eudesmane sesquiterpene, nelumnucifoside B (14), eight alkaloids (15–22), and 11 flavonoids (23–33). Their chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods including 1D, 2D NMR and MS spectrometry. The relative and absolute stereochemistry of the compounds was determined by NOESY and CD spectrometry, respectively. Compounds 19 and 22 significantly inhibited pancreatic lipase, whereas compounds 15 and 16 showed a strong inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, the leaves of N. nucifera have potential as an anti-obesity agent by inhibiting pancreatic lipase and adipocyte differentiation.     

Chemical constituents of the Piper crocatum leaves and their chemotaxonomic significance

Chemical study of Piper crocatum leaves has led to isolation of a new megastigmane glucoside isomer (18), along with 23 known compounds including fifteen phenolic compounds (1–15), two monoterpenes (16 and 17), three sesquiterpenes (19–21), a phenolic amide glycoside (22), a neolignan (23), and a flavonoid C-glycoside (24). Structures of these compounds were identified via spectroscopic methods and compared with those reported in the literature. Seven compounds (7, 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, and 24) from the P. crocatum species and 17 others (1–6, 8–10, 12, 15–16, 18–19, and 21–23) from the Piper genus and Piperaceae family were isolated and reported for the first time. Furthermore, this study discusses chemotaxonomic relations between P. crocatum and other Piper species.     

Sinopestalotiollides A–D,cytotoxic diphenyl ether derivatives from plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis palmarum

Four new diphenyl ether derivatives, sinopestalotiollides A–D (1–4), one new natural α-pyrone product (11), as well as twelve known compounds (5–1?7), were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis palmarum isolated from the leaves of medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd et Wils. The structures were elucidated by HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectrometry data. Bioassay experiments revealed that compounds 1–4 and 11 exhibited strong to weak cytotoxicities against three human tumor cell lines Hela, HCT116 and A549.     

Ceramicines B–D,new antiplasmodial limonoids from Chisocheton ceramicus

Three new limonoids, ceramicines B–D (1–3), have been isolated from the bark of Chisocheton ceramicus. Structures and stereochemistry of 1–3 were fully elucidated and characterized by 2D NMR analysis. Ceramicines exhibited a moderate antiplasmodial activity.