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1.
贵州特有药用植物毕节小檗的形态变异 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨贵州特有药用植物毕节小檗(Berberis guizhouensis)形态多样性的变异式样及其适应机制,对其野外居群营养器官和花部形态进行研究。对毕节小檗一直空缺的花部性状进行了描述。结果表明,毕节小檗的性状在同一居群或同一性状在不同居群中都存在较丰富的变异,变异系数为0.03~0.57。从总体来看,营养器官性状的变异程度要高于花部性状。单因素方差分析表明居群间部分花部性状存在显著差异(P0.05)。聚类分析表明小白岩居群形成1个独立的分支,这种分化很可能是环境压力选择的结果。主成分分析表明花部性状与营养性状在维持形态结构的稳定性具有协调一致的生态适应。 相似文献
2.
小毛莨居群分化研究(Ⅰ)——居群内和居群间的形态变异 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对小毛莨的3个地点共6个居群的形态变异作了观测,该种的株高、叶形、花瓣数目等性状具有显著的居群内和居群间变异。用31个形态及生境性状作出的聚类分析结果表明,小毛莨巨群遗传分化主要与居群所在生境因素相关,与地理位置之间仅有不显著的相关性。 相似文献
3.
浙江省野生蜡梅花部形态变异及其与环境因子的相关性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以浙江省蜡梅自然分布区的5个居群为研究对象,采用巢式方差分析、主成分分析、相关分析、聚类分析等多种分析方法,探究蜡梅花部的形态变异及其与环境因子相关性以及居群间和居群内的表型多样性。结果表明:蜡梅花部性状中除雄蕊长度、雌蕊数、雌蕊长度、内被片数以外,其他12个性状在居群间均有极显著差异。胚珠数的平均变异系数最大,花冠内径的平均变异系数最小,各性状的平均变异系数为15.03%(10.81%—23.38%)。五尖山的表型多样性最丰富,碧东山居群最小,种群间平均表型分化系数为44.38%(1.57%—89.62%),种群内变异大于种群间变异,种群内变异是花部变异的主要来源。主成分分析显示花冠直径、花冠内径、花筒深度和中被片长对种群变异起主要贡献作用。花部多数性状间存在显著或极显著的相关关系,生态因子中花部性状与土壤酸度相关性最大,土壤中花部性状与大量元素相关性最大,微量元素次之,中量元素最小。通过UPGMA聚类分析可以将5个种群分成两组。浙江省野生蜡梅花部形态存在丰富的变异和多样性,花部部分性状与土壤中钙、铁、铜含量和海拔有显著或极显著相关关系。 相似文献
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5.
比较了濒危植物夏蜡梅(Sinocalycanthus chinensis)大明山、大雷山、龙须山3个居群的果实与种子的形态变异,采用ISSR分子标记技术分析DNA序列的变异,综合评价夏蜡梅3个居群的遗传变异。结果如下:果实性状中,果柄长、果实长、果实重、每果种子数等指标均以大明山居群最大、大雷山居群次之、龙须山居群最小,它们之间差异显著(P<0.05)。种子重、种子长、种子宽、种子厚等指标均以大雷山居群最大,与大明山居群和龙须山居群差异显著(P<0.05)。基于果实形态特征的表型分化系数(VST)在0.5518—0.9750之间,平均为0.8930,所有果实形态指标的变异大部分存在于居群间。基于种子形态特征的VST在0.1669—0.8678之间,平均为0.6240,除种子长外,其他种子形态指标的变异也大部分存在于居群间。ISSR分析表明,3个居群的多态位点百分率、Shannon信息指数、Nei基因多样性均是大明山居群最高、龙须山居群次之、大雷山居群最低。居群间的遗传分化系数(GST)为0.6050。基于ISSR分子标记数据的聚类结果显示大明山居群先与龙须山居群聚在一起,再与大雷山居群相聚,这与基于种子性状特征的聚类结果相似,而与基于果实性状特征的聚类结果不同。3个居群的种子形态特征变异系数与遗传多样性水平具有显著的正相关,且基于果实形态特征估算的VST要高于GST,而基于种子形态特征估算的VST仅略高于GST,表明夏蜡梅不同居群间的种子形态变异主要由遗传变异所造成的,而环境因子在果实形态变异中起了重要作用。Mantel检验显示3个居群基于分子标记数据的遗传距离矩阵和基于果实及种子形态特征的欧氏距离矩阵之间的相关性不显著,表明果实与种子在居群间出现的表型分化除了受遗传因素影响外,还受到其它环境因子的强烈影响。 相似文献
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采用ISSR分子标记技术分析了湖南省5个地区6个居群白檀的遗传多样性水平和遗传结构。结果表明,9条ISSR引物对6个居群的149份白檀样品PCR扩增检测到122个扩增位点,其中多态性位点113个,多态性比率高达92.62%。Nei's基因多样性指数(He)为0.3264,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.4873,居群之间产生较大的遗传变异(Gst=0.5215,Nm=0.4588),AMOVA分子差异分析表明白檀居群间遗传分化程度高,51.07%的变异存在于居群间,48.93%的变异存在于居群内;UPGMA聚类分析将6个白檀居群分为3大类:大围山和龙山居群为一类,岳阳和道县居群组成另一类;衡山居群单独成一类,聚类原则跟地理位置不一致,与海拔高度有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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为揭示小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)天然居群叶形态性状的变异规律及其生态适应性特征,该研究以10个小叶锦鸡儿天然居群为对象,通过多重比较、巢式方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析等方法,对7个叶形态性状进行分析。结果表明:(1)小叶锦鸡儿叶形态性状在居群内和居群间均存在极显著差异(P < 0.01),平均变异系数为10.13%,不同性状的变异幅度为6.23%~12.78%;平均叶形态性状的表型分化系数为43.62%,居群内变异(30.09%)大于居群间变异(24.91%),说明居群内是其叶形态性状变异的主要来源。(2)相关性分析表明,环境因子对小叶锦鸡儿的叶形态性状变异有很大的影响,在地理空间上主要呈现出沿海拔梯度的变异模式;主成分分析的结果显示,小叶宽、叶柄宽和叶柄长对小叶锦鸡儿叶形态变异起主导作用;利用欧式距离对小叶锦鸡儿居群进行UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,基于叶形态性状和环境因子可分别将小叶锦鸡儿10个居群分为3类和2类,Mantel检验结果表明,小叶锦鸡儿的叶形态性状变异不存在地理连续性。研究结果为小叶锦鸡儿的适应性进化和开发利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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《植物遗传资源学报》2010,(5)
调查了重庆地区若干野生大豆区域居群的8个形态性状,分析了区域居群的表型多样性。结果显示,数量性状有比较丰富的多样性;区域居群的形态多样性存在一定的地域性(地理相关性);数量性状变异系数大小顺序依次为:百粒重单株产量地上部分茎叶干重株高播种至开花天数;各形态多样性指数(香农指数)显示,东北部区域中部区域西部区域的趋势。通过聚类分析,样本数较多的5个区域居群分为3个地理组和1个特别居群组,显示重庆地区地理区域居群存在明显的西部、中部、东北部生态地理的分化,东北部是形态变异丰富的地区。 相似文献
9.
云南樱花(Prunus yunnannensis)为蔷薇科(Rosaceae)多年生落叶乔木,是中国西南地区特有的重要园林观赏植物,其在昆明园林绿化中具有较高的应用价值。以昆明地区的云南樱花为研究对象,研究了6个栽培居群120个单株的16个表型性状的多样性,分析了16个表型性状的相关性和广义遗传力,并对6个栽培居群进行了聚类分析,旨在探明其在资源应用过程中的表型变异程度及变异规律,为今后优良性状选育与种质推广提供科学依据。结果表明:云南樱花在居群间及居群内均存在丰富的表型多样性,除雌蕊长以外,其它15个表型性状在各居群之间均存在显著性差异,其中各性状的平均变异幅度为7.73%~94.04%,在居群内的变异幅度为20.74%~28.22%,各性状居群内的变异明显小于居群间,16个表型性状的广义遗传力介于0.54~0.97之间,其中叶长的广义遗传力最大,而雌蕊长的广义遗传力最小。对云南樱花16个形态指标的相关性分析表明,大部分形态指标之间均存在显著的相关性。利用居群间欧氏距离进行的UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,云南樱花6个栽培居群可以聚为2类。 相似文献
10.
调查了重庆地区若干野生大豆区域居群的8个形态性状,分析了区域居群的表型多样性。结果显示,数量性状有比较丰富的多样性;区域居群的形态多样性存在一定的地域性(地理相关性);数量性状变异系数大小顺序依次为:百粒重>单株产量>地上部分茎叶干重>株高>播种至开花天数;各形态多样性指数(香农指数)显示,东北部区域>中部区域>西部区域的趋势。通过聚类分析,样本数较多的5个区域居群分为3个地理组和1个特别居群组,显示重庆地区地理区域居群存在明显的西部、中部、东北部生态地理的分化,东北部是形态变异丰富的地区。 相似文献
11.
Pollination biology of the deceptive orchid Changnienia amoena 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
HAIQIN SUN YIBO LUO RONNY ALEXANDERSSON SONG GE 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2006,150(2):165-175
The pollination biology of Changnienia amoena , an endangered terrestrial orchid, was investigated at two sites in the Shennongjia Mountains, Hubei, central China. The results show that the orchid is exclusively pollinated by bumblebees. In Longmenhe, Bombus ( Diversobombus ) trifasciatus is the primary effective pollinator, whereas B. ( Tricornibombus ) imitator is the only pollinator in Guanmenshan. These two bumblebees can be treated as a functional group because they carry pollinaria on the same position on their bodies and have similar pollinating behaviours. The morphological traits of the flower adapt precisely to the pollinators. Visitation by bumblebees is mainly in the first half of the flowering period of C. amoena . Pollinarium removal and pollinia deposition take place when bumblebees withdraw from the flower. Crossing experiments show that C. amoena is a self-compatible and outcrossing species. Fruit set in this species is low and may result from limited pollinators because 87.5% of individuals set fruits under hand-pollination, but only 6–12% of individuals set fruits under natural conditions. These results imply that it is important to conserve the pollinator community together with the plants when conservation management for this endangered species is undertaken. Artificial pollination would also be a useful measure to facilitate restoration of the small populations. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 150 , 165–175. 相似文献
12.
外来有害植物刺萼龙葵(Solanum rostratum)又名黄花刺茄, 已扩散至中国多省, 各地的种群在表型上存在差异。为揭示刺萼龙葵在中国不同分布区表型变异产生的原因及变异规律, 该文以来自中国9个地区的刺萼龙葵种群的种子为材料, 进行同质生物园种植。通过对营养和生殖器官共10个表型性状进行严格细致的测量, 并采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)、变异系数分析、主成分分析、聚类分析(UPGMA)和相关性分析等数理方法, 分析了各个种群的表型变异。结果表明: (1)来自不同种群的刺萼龙葵在10个性状上差异均极显著(p < 0.01), 表明种群间的性状差异具有遗传上的稳定性; (2)营养性状平均变异系数(CV = 18.2%)显著高于花部性状(CV = 9%), 结合主成分分析的结果, 可得出冠幅、 花冠直径、节间距以及株高是决定表型变异的主要代表性状; (3)种群间的聚类分析将刺萼龙葵的9个种群划分为3类, 表型性状并没有依地理距离而聚类; (4)地理因子中, 对性状影响最大的是海拔, 其次是经度, 最后是纬度。 相似文献
13.
Reproductive versus floral isolation among morphologically similar Serapias L. species (Orchidaceae)
Flowers of the Mediterranean orchid genus Serapias L. form small, dark tubes that vary among taxa in diameter and depth. Visiting insects use the floral tube as shelter and act as pollinators if they touch the sticky viscidium at the rear of the tube and remove the pollinarium. It has been assumed that floral tube size and shape limit access to the flowers and thus may act as a barrier to gene flow between different Serapias species. Here we investigated floral characters and nuclear microsatellite markers in populations belonging to three morphologically similar Serapias species to test whether these species show evidence for floral or reproductive isolation. We found strong overlap of floral traits between two species, suggesting that floral isolation is nonexistent between them. Microsatellite markers applied to the same populations were highly polymorphic and revealed clear genetic differentiation among all three species. These results suggest that reproductive isolation exists, despite the lack of floral isolation between two of the species. In contrast to morphological characters, diagnostic microsatellite alleles were found for all Serapias species. The microsatellite markers could thus provide a useful tool to identify Serapias species and further investigate evolutionary relationships in this fascinating orchid lineage. 相似文献
14.
Inter and intra-population variation in morphological traits, such as body size and shape, provides important insights into the ecological importance of individual natural populations. The radiation of Diaptomid species (~400 species) has apparently produced little morphological differentiation other than those in secondary sexual characteristics, suggesting sexual, rather than ecological, selection has driven speciation. This evolutionary history suggests that species, and conspecific populations, would be ecologically redundant but recent work found contrasting ecosystem effects among both species and populations. This study provides the first quantification of shape variation among species, populations, and/or sexes (beyond taxonomic illustrations and body size measurements) to gain insight into the ecological differentiation of Diaptomids. Here we quantify the shape of five Diaptomid species (family Diaptomidae) from four populations each, using morphometric landmarks on the prosome, urosome, and antennae. We partition morphological variation among species, populations, and sexes, and test for phenotype-by-environment correlations to reveal possible functional consequences of shape variation. We found that intraspecific variation was 18-35% as large as interspecific variation across all measured traits. Interspecific variation in body size and relative antennae length, the two traits showing significant sexual dimorphism, were correlated with lake size and geographic location suggesting some niche differentiation between species. Observed relationships between intraspecific morphological variation and the environment suggest that divergent selection in contrasting lakes might contribute to shape differences among local populations, but confirming this requires further analyses. Our results show that although Diaptomid species differ in their reproductive traits, they also differ in other morphological traits that might indicate ecological differences among species and populations. 相似文献
15.
Theory predicts that tighter correlation between floral traits and weaker relationship between floral and vegetative traits more likely occur in specialized flowers than generalized flowers,favoring by precise fit with pollinators.However,traits and trait correlations frequently vary under different environments.Through detecting spatiotemporal variation in phenotypic traits (floral organ size and vegetative size) and trait correlations in four Ranunculaceae species,we examined four predictions.Overall,our results supported these predictions to a certain degree.The mean coefficient of variation (CV) of floral traits in two specialized species (Delphinium kamaonense and Aconitum gymnandrum) was marginally significantly lower than that of another two generalized species (Trollius ranunculoides and Anemone obtusiloba).The two specialized species also showed marginally significantly smaller CV in floral traits than vegetative size across the two species.The absolute mean correlation between floral and vegetative traits,or that between floral traits in species with specialized flowers was not significantly lower,or higher than that in generalized plants,weakly supporting the predictions.Furthermore,we documented a large variation in trait correlations of four species among different seasons and populations.Study of covariance of floral and vegetative traits will benefit from the contrast of results obtained from generalized and specialized pollination systems. 相似文献
16.
独花兰(Changnienia amoena Chien)为我国特有的单种属植物,近年因生境破碎化和过度采挖,其野生资源日渐减少.迄今对独花兰极为有限的研究表明,其结实率很低或根本不结实,其传粉媒介也一直未被发现.2002年3~4月,我们对神农架2个移植居群和5个天然居群进行了传粉生物学的定点观察,发现雌性三条熊蜂(Bombus(Diversobombus)trifasciatus Smith)、仿熊蜂(Bombus(Tricornibombus)imitator Pittion)和蜜蜂均访问独花兰,但只有三条熊蜂身体粘有花粉块,是独花兰的有效传粉者.三条熊蜂的访问频率很低,在113 h的观察中只有9次访问,但在一个天然居群(population 3)中曾观察到一天4次的最高访问频率;访问主要在12:00~15:00出现,但在花上停留时间很短,不超过10 s.在未被授粉的情况下,独花兰花朵大约3周后自然枯萎,但受粉后3、4 d内即出现一系列形态和颜色的变化,包括花梗逐渐伸长,子房在花梗逐渐停止伸长后开始膨大等,表明花梗伸长可作为结实(授粉成功)的指标.人工授粉实验表明,自花、异花受粉后花梗均伸长,而套袋隔离花的则花梗不伸长,说明独花?兰是自交亲和的异交种,需要昆虫传粉.根据传粉者的访问频率、居群中果实的分布,尤其是花距内无花蜜等特征,我们认为独花兰是种欺骗性传粉的兰花.相对于其他欺骗性传粉的兰花,独花兰的自然结实率并不很低(26.98%),这与居群规模小会提高欺骗性传粉兰花结实率这一观点吻合.花粉块的输出数远高于结实数,这说明独花兰存在一定的花粉浪费. 相似文献
17.
Ameiva chrysolaema is distributed across the island of Hispaniola in the West Indies. The species is restricted to dry lowlands between major mountain ranges and along the southern and eastern coasts. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of mtDNA sequence variation from 14 sampling localities identify at least three independent evolutionary lineages, separated from one another by major mountain ranges. Nested clade phylogeographic analysis (NCPA) suggests a complex history of population fragmentation, consistent with geological evidence of seawater incursions into the Azua and Enriquillo basins during the Pliocene/Pleistocene (approximately 1.6 mya). Significantly negative Fu's F(S) values and parameters of mismatch distributions suggest that formerly fragmented populations have recently expanded their ranges. Significantly large average population clade distances (APCD) for two sampling localities in the Azua basin suggest secondary contact at these localities of previously separated populations. The distribution of haplotypes among polymorphic populations of A. chrysolaema suggests that variation in dorsal pattern represents a polymorphism within evolutionary lineages. Ameiva leberi is ecologically indistinguishable from and syntopic with A. chrysolaema. Genetic data suggest that A. leberi is a junior synonym of A. chrysolaema. 相似文献
18.
Nicolas Juillet Roxane Delle-Vedove Laurent Dormont Bertrand Schatz Thierry Pailler 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2010,289(3-4):213-221
Colour polymorphism has often been described among individuals of deceptive orchid species, and several studies have investigated reproductive success variations among colour morphs. However, whether colour morphs differed in other traits has received little attention in previous studies. Here, we report the case of a tropical deceptive orchid in Reunion Island that exhibits three different colour varieties. We investigated patterns of trait variation among colour varieties and found significant differences in floral and inflorescence morphology. Interestingly, we found that most populations included only individuals of a single variety, and that strong differences exist among varieties in spatial distribution and flowering phenology. This situation differs from previously reported cases of floral polymorphism in deceptive orchids where colour morphs co-occur and flower in the same populations. The spatio-temporal variation in flowering suggests that colour varieties have independent reproductive ecologies and are adapted to local conditions. We propose that potential variations in pollinator species abundance or diversity and the co-occurrence of nectar-producing species in the community may have driven the adaptation of each variety to its current pollination niche. 相似文献
19.
Andrés?Ernesto?Ortiz-Rodríguez Santiago?Ramírez-Barahona Dolores?González Hernández Francisco?Lorea-Hernández
Pleistocene glacial periods have had a major influence on the geographical patterns of genetic structure of species in tropical montane regions. However, their effect on morphological differentiation among populations of cloud forest plants remains virtually unexplored. Here, we address this question by testing whether geographical patterns of morphological variation in Ocotea psychotrioides can be explained by the intensity of climate change occurring during 130,000 years. For this, we measured vegetative and reproductive traits for 96 individuals from 36 localities registered across the species’ distribution range. Species distribution models and multivariate statistics were used to investigate geographical patterns of morphological variation and test their association with current and past climatic conditions. Leaf size and pubescence in O. psychotrioides showed a latitudinal pattern of clinal variation that does not fit the geographical gradient of increasing leaf size towards lower latitudes observed globally among plants. Instead, the observed clinal variation conforms to a pattern of increasing leaf size towards higher latitudes. However, our analyses showed weak to non-significant association between morphology and current climate. Interestingly, our analyses showed that predicted shifts in the distribution range of O. psychotrioides during the last 130,000 years were accompanied by significant changes in climatic conditions, particularly temperature seasonality and precipitation. Accordingly, climatic instability showed a better fit to the observed patterns of leaf size and pubescence variation than current climate conditions. These results suggest that climatic instability during the Pleistocene glacial periods might play a key role in promoting morphological differentiation among populations of cloud forest plants. 相似文献