长颚斗蟋的鸣声结构与行为分析

通过计算机外接话筒对长颚斗蟋（Velarifictorus asperses)在不同条件下的鸣声进行录音,利用软作Cool edit2000对其结构进行了较系统的分析。结果表明：长颚斗蟋的鸣叫声有7种类型,即召唤声,警戒声,挑衅声,胜利声,欢迎声,求爱声和催促声;这7种鸣声在声学特征上有明显的区别,并与行为有关。     

双斑蟋鸣声特征与行为关系的初步研究

利用计算机声分析技术对双斑蟋（Gryllus bimaculatus 1773)的召唤声、不同性比的求偶声和争斗声的结构、频谱与时域特征进行比较,以探讨鸣声特征与行为的关系。结果表明：①3种鸣声的脉冲时间长度（PL）、脉冲时间间隔（IPI）、每个脉冲群（PG）的脉冲数（PN）、声脉冲组合形态和密度等基本相同。这些特征参数较为稳定,为种间鉴别因子,其中以IPI为最。②节奏（Rh)、声长（SL）、间歇（IT）特征与蟋蟀的社会活动和个体活动有密切联系。从雄性单独生活时的召唤声到有雌性存在时的求偶声,每个节奏中的音节数逐渐增加,从单音节、双音节到多音节;SL、IT呈下降趋势。不同性比条件下,雄性数量明显影响鸣声特征。雄性数目增加,Rh、SL呈上升趋势;IT呈下降趋势。不同比例的雌性对雄性鸣声的影响无明显规律。③鸣声的频谱与时域呈一定对应关系。召唤声、求偶声和争斗声的脉冲能量主要集中在1个能量区上,表现出种的同一性。     

迷卡斗蟋鸣声的声学特征及其生物学意义

首次利用计算机技术对迷卡斗蟋Velarifictorus micado (Saussure)的鸣声特征 及其生物学意义进行了研究。结果表明：迷卡斗蟋在不同性比条件下,鸣声的声学特征不同。雄性独处时发出召唤声;2只以上的雄性在一起时会发出警戒声、挑战声或胜利声;1雄1雌在一起时会发出欢迎声、求爱声,如果雌性不理会雄性的求爱时则会发出一种催促声。利用计算机 ,除了对人们用耳辨别的3种鸣声（召唤声、求偶声和争斗声）进行客观记录外,还可以对以前所称的“求偶声”和“争斗声”进行更细致地分析和比较。根据其生物学意义,作者首次将其 鸣声分为7种,并对这7种鸣声在功率谱和时域两方面进行了比较,发现迷卡斗蟋在不同行为下 有不同的鸣声特征,传递不同的信息。     

迷卡斗蟋鸣声的声学特征及其生物学意义

首次利用计算机技术对迷卡斗蟋Velarifictorusmicado (Saussure)的鸣声特征及其生物学意义进行了研究。结果表明 :迷卡斗蟋在不同性比条件下 ,鸣声的声学特征不同。雄性独处时发出召唤声 ;2只以上的雄性在一起时会发出警戒声、挑战声或胜利声 ;1雄 1雌在一起时会发出欢迎声、求爱声 ,如果雌性不理会雄性的求爱时则会发出一种催促声。利用计算机 ,除了对人们用耳辨别的 3种鸣声 (召唤声、求偶声和争斗声 )进行客观记录外 ,还可以对以前所称的“求偶声”和“争斗声”进行更细致地分析和比较。根据其生物学意义 ,作者首次将其鸣声分为 7种 ,并对这 7种鸣声在功率谱和时域两方面进行了比较 ,发现迷卡斗蟋在不同行为下有不同的鸣声特征 ,传递不同的信息。     

棺头蟋属六种常见蟋蟀鸣声特征分析与种类鉴定

本文对蟋蟀科Ｇｒｙｌｌｉｄａｅ棺头蟋属Ｌｏｘｏｂｌｅｍｍｕｓ６种常见种类的鸣声特征进行了较为系统的分析研究,从其频域特征和时域特征上明显地显示了种间差异,并将其鸣声特征用于分类。     

白腹锦鸡鸣声的声谱分析

1986年1月—8月,12月及翌年1月,我们在云南省昆明市西部山区进行白腹锦鸡野外生态观察期间,录制了白腹锦鸡的鸣声。本文就啼叫声、呼唤声、惊叫声、恐惧叫声、威胁叫声及召唤雏鸟声等6种意义比较明确的鸣声进行了声谱分析,探讨各种鸣声与其相应的行为关系。     

棺头蟋属六种常见蟋蟀鸣声特征分析与种类鉴定(直翅目:蟋蟀总科)

本文对蟋蟀科Ｇｒｙｌｉｄａｅ棺头蟋属Ｌｏｘｏｂｌｅｍｍｕｓ６种常见种类的鸣声特征进行了较为系统的分析研究。从其频域特征和时域特征上明显地显示了种间差异,并将其鸣声特征用于分类。     

蟋蟀(Loxoblemmus doenitzi Stein)鸣声的特征和黑蝉(C.atrata Fabricius.)鸣声对其的影响

本文由1741个叫声的分析,给出了蟋蟀的鸣声特征和黑蝉叫声的影响.雄蟋招引声的每个单次叫声(SC)平均含有7.6个节拍,每个含有2个脉冲列组,每组含有4个主要的调幅脉冲列.每个SC的声长、间隔和平均重复周期(?)及节拍速(?)分别为1.285-1.325s,0.755—0.746s和2.078s及每秒7.6个节拍.鸣声谱的主峰频率(MPF)和MPF下降20db的带宽分别为5223±79Hz和(4498±82)—(5656±68)Hz.正在歌唱的蟋蟀鸣声基本上不受黑蝉自鸣声的影响,但黑蝉的前置自鸣声对蟋蟀鸣声波形有一定的影响.黑蝉的惊叫声不仅对蟋蟀鸣声波形有明显影响,而且时间特性有一定影响,即(?)约缩短一半,(?)的变差明显扩大.但对频率特性都无影响.     

白头鹎方言的初步研究

对浙江省乘泗岛，普陀岛，温岭，长兴，杭州和龙游等６个地区白头鹎的鸣声进行了研究，发现它们鸣声主句的语调，音节数，持续时间，频谱特征和频率范围等均有差异，说明白头鹎鸣声中普遍存在“方言”，但它们作为同一个种在鸣声主句上有其共同特征：主要是鸣声多在１．５－３ｋＨｚ的低中频段内变化，单音节的鸣叫声等都极为相似。     

褐鹛属鸟类的鸣声特征及种间比较

在雀形目鸟类系统分类和进化研究中,鸣声有重要作用。褐鹛属（Fulvetta）是近年从雀鹛类（Alcippe）独立的属,其鸣声特征及种间差异尚缺乏定量研究。我们于2016至2022年在野外录制了该属7种463只个体的鸣声,包括棕头雀鹛（F. ruficapilla,n=64）、褐头雀鹛（F. manipurensis,n=71）、白眉雀鹛（F. vinipectus,n=124）、中华雀鹛（F. striaticollis,n=64）、路氏雀鹛（F. ludlowi,n=33）、灰头雀鹛（F. cinereiceps,n=84）和玉山雀鹛（F. formosana,n=23）。基于野外行为观察,将鸣声区分为鸣叫和鸣唱,并将鸣叫分为联络鸣叫、呼唤鸣叫、报警鸣叫及觅食鸣叫4种类型。对鸣唱的声谱图进行人工检视,划分为1～8种鸣唱型。采用多变量方差分析（MANOVA）比较鸣声参数种间差异,显示最高频率、最低频率、峰频率、句子持续时间、频率宽度、平均熵6个参数在该属7种间均有显著性差异。将7种褐鹛鸣声特征的马氏距离与种间遗传距离进行Mantel检验,表明鸣唱特征与种间遗传距离呈正相关（r=0.51...     

三种油葫芦鸣声节律谱图比较

采用长时间连续采样的方法研究了黄脸油葫芦Teleogryllus emma(Ohmachi et Matsumura)、北京油葫芦Teleogryllus mitratus(Burmeister)和黑脸油葫芦Teleogryllus occipitalis(Serville)等3种油葫芦的鸣声节律特征谱图,分析其特点及其在鸣声分类中的意义.     

湖北省三种蟋蟀鸣声结构分析（直翅目：蟋蟀总科）

重点对湖北省３种蟋蟀的鸣声结构进行了较系统的分析研究,从频域特征和时域特征明显地显示了种间差异。     

Ambient temperature and sound power of cicada calling songs (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Tibicina)

Abstract.  Male cicadas produce a loud calling song that attracts females at long range. In some cases, ambient temperature has been shown to have an effect on the temporal structure of this acoustic signal. Here, a positive correlation is reported for the first time between the ambient temperature and the sound power of the calling song. This relationship is illustrated in three species of the Palaearctic genus Tibicina : Tibicina corsica fairmairei Boulard, Tibicina garricola Boulard and Tibicina tomentosa Olivier. It is suggested that the males thermoregulate behaviourally. The minimal ambient temperature range that the Tibicina species need to call is 22–24 °C. The effect of ambient temperature on calling song power is assumed to be the result of thermal effects in the response of the acoustic system (i.e. muscle activity of the acoustic system being temperature-dependent). Inter-individual and interspecific differences in calling song power are interpreted in the general context of the Tibicina sound behaviour.     

A NEW SOUND TRAP,AND OBSERVATIONS ON THE MIGRATORY AND ACOUSTIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE FIELD CRICKET TELEOGRYLLUS COMMODUS (WALKER)

ABSTRACT

A new sound trap for capturing male and female crickets attracted to the calling song of the male is described. Major advantages of the trap are its portability and effectiveness. It was designed to operate in conjunction with a previously described cricket-song generator. The trap is compared with other designs and the acoustic and migratory behaviour of crickets revealed by sound trapping are discussed.     

The effect of ultrasound on the attractiveness of acoustic mating signals

Abstract. Previous laboratory studies ( Nolen & Hoy 1986b ) have shown that the phonotactic responses of flying crickets are influenced by the relative intensities of attractive (mating signal) and repulsive (predator) stimuli. At the functional level, these results suggest that predator cues (ultrasound) can change the attractiveness of a calling song. Using extracellular recordings from cervical connectives it was shown that, like other field crickets, Gryllus rubens (south-eastern field cricket) is sensitive to ultrasound. This ultrasonic sensitivity has probably evolved in response to predation pressure from echolocating bats. Using acoustic playback under field conditions, it was tested whether the relative attractiveness of two male calling songs was influenced by the simultaneous broadcast of ultrasound. A simulated male calling song of G. rubens was broadcast at two different intensities (109 and 103 dB) from two sound traps that caught flying crickets attracted to the songs. Simulated bat ultrasound was broadcast simultaneously with the high-intensity calling song (109 dB) and the relative catch in each of the two traps was measured. The intensity of the ultrasound was varied on different nights. The relative attractiveness of the high-intensity sound trap decreased significantly as the intensity of the ultrasound broadcast with it was increased. For the lowest of the ultrasound broadcast levels, the relative attractiveness did not differ from that expected for two calling songs broadcast without ultrasound. Thus, increased levels of simulated predation risk decreased the attractiveness of the calling song associated with it. These are the first field experiments to show that predation risk in the form of simulated bat ultrasound influences the phonotactic behaviour of flying crickets.     

蝉鸣特征及其在分类学上的意义：同翅目：蝉总科

本文总结了蝉鸣的几种机制,并初步提出了具鼓膜发音器的蝉鸣模式图;综述了国内外有关蝉鸣在分类中的应用历史和现状;分析讨论了蝉鸣声在各级分类阶元中的差异和应用,即发音机制和方式可用于科及亚科级的分类;鸣声的颖谱特征和一些鸣叫行为可为属级分类提供一些依据,鸣叫节律型具有明显的种性,而音色的差异在近缘种,疑难种及其种下分类方面具有重要的意义。     

杭州鹊鸲的声行为

1996年8月至2002年7月,在杭州对鹊鸲的声行为进行了观察和记录,并以鸣声回放验证某些鸣声的功能。对求偶鸣唱、领域鸣唱、抗议鸣叫、嬉闹鸣叫、联络呼唤声和惊叫声等6种鸣声进行了分析,各具不同的声学特征。该鸟的鸣声结构非常复杂,由一系列不同类型的短语所组成,每个短语又有3～10个音素所构成。并将杭州与印度哈里瓦地区鹊鸲的领域鸣唱进行了比较,两地鹊鸲的鸣声特征很不相同。     

Calls of Recently Introduced Coquí Frogs Do Not Interfere with Cricket Phonotaxis in Hawaii

Acoustically-signaling animals such as crickets may experience interference from environmental noise, a particular concern given the rise in anthropogenic or other novel sources of sound. We examined the potential for acoustic interference of female phonotaxis to calling song in the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus) by invasive coqui frogs (Eleutherodactylus coqui) in Hawaii. The frogs were introduced to Hawaii from Puerto Rico in the 1980s. When female crickets were exposed to male calling songs with and without simultaneous broadcast of a coqui chorus, they were equally likely to move toward the cricket song, regardless of the location of the frog sound (ground level or above ground). Unlike some species of frogs and birds, T. oceanicus do not appear to experience acoustic interference from an introduced signaler, even though the introduced species’ calls subjectively seem to be masking the crickets’ songs.     

Fourier and electrophysiological analyses of acoustic communication in Acheta domesticus

Waveform and spectral analysis were made on the call song of the cricket, Acheta domesticus. Sounds produced by unrestrained male crickets were led directly to a computer where discrete Fourier transforms were performed on selected segments of the call song. The findings revealed essentially pure tone carrier frequencies which result from the rate at which the individual teeth of the pars stridens are struck by the plectrum. An electrophysiologically determined audiogram showed good agreement with the dominant frequency of the call song, but was less sensitive and more broadly tuned than hearing curves of most fiels crickets.