The Hydrolysis of Starch as Related to the Interruption of Dormancy in the Ash Bud

In The Bud Of The Great Ash (Fraxinus Excelsior L.) The Reserves Of Starch Stocked During Dormancy — The Presence Of Which Was Demonstrated By Use Of The Schiff-Periodic Acid Method — Were Used Differently In The Shoot Apex And In The Stem Tip Underneath The Meristem. In The Shoot Apex The Starch Was Mobilized Before The Resumption Of Growth Activity. During The Last Days Of Dormancy The Water Content In The Buds Remained Low, Inferior To The Threshold Which Characterized Them During Active Growth; But In The Shoot Apex The Water Potential, Measured In Terms Of The Degree Of Plasmolysis, Rose By Almost 15 - 105 Pa: some water which had been bound was liberated in the cells of the shoot apex, it could contribute to the hydrolysis of the starch into soluble sugars, which modified the requirement of water. This constituted, therefore, a decisive step in the passage from dormancy to active growth, and the interruption of dormancy was thus linked to an adequate increase of the water content in the bud. In contrast, in the stem tip underneath the meristem the progressive hydrolysis of the starch reserves constituted the response to the hydration of the bud which occurred after the resumption of growth, when the energy requirements resulting from the development of the annual branch were manifest.     

The Studies on Embryology in Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim

The development of the anther wall follows Basic-type. The cytokinesis at the time of pollen mother cell meiosis conforms to successive type. The arrangement of the microspores in the tetrad is referred to isobilateral. The primary wall between the generative cell and the vegetative cell is callose. The callose wall is easily detected under the fluorescence microscope. The mature pollen grain is 2-celled type. The ovule is bitegminous, tenui-nucellar and anatropous. The development of the female gametophyte follows Fritillaria-type. The mature embryo sac. consists of the six cells including the seven nuclei. The fertilization is referred to the premitotic syngamy type. The fusion of the female and male nucleoli is not observed at the end of the fertilization. The division of the primary endosperm nucleus is earlier than that of the zygote. The development of the endosperm is referred to nuclear type. The division of the zygote is transverse of longitudinal, the development of the embryo conforms to Onagradtype. When the seed is mature, the embryo is at the proembryo stage without differentiation and the endosperm cells are not absorbed.     

马蹄香大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体形成

马蹄香（Ｓａｒｕｍａｈｅｎｒｙｉ,Ｏｌｉｖ．）花药壁的发育属双子叶型。花粉母细胞减数分裂为同时型,四分体主要为四面体形,少数为左右对称式排列。腺质绒毡层,其细胞可排列为不规则的两层,双核或多核。到单细胞花粉阶段,绒毡层细胞内切向壁上出现许多乌氏体。成熟花粉为２细胞型,圆球状,具单萌发沟。雌蕊６心皮,上部彼此分离、下部联合。倒生胚珠,双珠被,厚球心。胚囊发育蓼型。成熟胚囊为七细胞结构,但两个助细胞退化较早。     

菱臼齿兽((犭亚)目、哺乳纲)耳区的骨骼结构

本文详细描述了菱臼齿兽耳区各个部分的基本结构;并指出了耳区结构与某些啮齿类的相似性,以及中耳鼓泡组成成份与戈壁(犭亚)兽(Anagale gobiensis)的区别。     

严重缺碘对体质及遗传性状影响的研究

对严重缺碘地区一个容貌特殊,身材较矮,智力低下的人群进行了体质特征及遗传性状的研究,并与国内有关本地区的调查资料进行了对照,提出人类体质特征和遗传性状除与人种、地理环境异同直接相关外,人体不可缺少的微量元素的摄入水平在一定程度上对其也产生影响。并且认为同一人种、民族居住同一地理位置所产生的体质差异应从水文、地质、生活方式、生活水平的不同进行综合分析。     

Structure of the cell of the amoeboid flagellate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thaumatomonas coloniensis</Emphasis> Wylezich et al., 2007 (Thaumatomonadida (Shirkina) Karpov, 1990)

The ultrathin structure of the amoeboid flagellate Thaumatomonas coloniensis Wylezich et al. has been studied. The cell is surrounded by somatic scales forming on the surface of the mitochondria. The heterodynamic flagella emerge from the small flagellar pocket. Both flagella are covered by pineal scales and thin twisted mastigonemes. The kinetosomes lie parallel to each other. The transitional zone of the flagella carries the thin-walled cylinder. The transversal plate of the flagella is above the cell surface. The flagellar root system consists of three microtubular bands and a fibrillar rhizoplast. The vesicular nucleus and Golgi apparatus are of the usual structure. The mitochondria contain tubular cristae. The extrusive organelles (kinetocysts) contain amorphous material and a capsule; they are located in cytoplasm. The capsule consists of a muff and cylinder. Osmiophilic bodies of various shapes contain crystalloid inclusions. The pseudopodia capturing the bacteria emerge from the ventral groove. The groove is armored by the two longitudinal groups of the close situated microtubules. Microbodies and symbiotic bacteria have not been discovered. The resemblance of Th. coloniensis with other thaumatomonads is discussed.     

三十年来中国植物生态学和地植物学的回顾和展望

本文就以下几方面对我国植物生态学和地植物学作了回顾与展望。一、回顾：1．亚热带和热带森林区的植被研究。2．温带森林区的植被研究。3．温带草原区的植被研究。4．温带荒漠区的植被研究。5．青藏高寒高原区的植被研究。6．中国植被及其地理、分区和植被图研究。7．环境植物学的研究等。二,展望1．植被基本理论的研究2．植被图志的编制和植被制图学研究 3．栽培植物群落和经济植物生态学特性研究4．实验群落学和植物生理生态学研究5．陆地生态系统的结构和功能的研究6．环境保护的植物生态学研究7．植物和植物群落指示性研究     

长豇豆种皮和种脐的发育

长豇豆的胚珠具内外两层珠被,内珠被在种子发育早期退化消失,种皮仅由外珠被发育而成。外珠被的外表皮细胞径向伸长,外壁和经向壁增厚,形成约占成熟种皮厚度一半的栅栏层;亚表皮细胞发育为骨状石细胞层。第三层细胞类似于亚表皮层但细胞壁增厚不明显,其内方的多层薄壁细胞形成海绵组织。种脐具两层栅栏细胞,外栅栏层及其以外部分由珠柄组织发育而成管胞群。本文还对脐缝和管胞群的作用以及豆科种子的吸水机制进行了讨论。     

红皮树胚胎发育

本文报道红皮树(Styrax suberifoltus Hook.et Arn.)大小孢子发育和早期胚胎发生。子房具胚珠20—23枚,胚珠横生,珠被二层,薄珠心,孢原细胞直接起大孢子母细胞作用。合点端大孢子具功能。胚囊发育为正常型。成熟胚囊具大量淀粉粒。小孢子形成为同时型,成熟花粉为二细胞型。传粉后、受精前两个助细胞在形状和对苏木精着色程度上有显著区别。胚乳发育为细胞型。在合子分裂前,胚乳细胞增至约26个时,暂时停止分裂。苏木精对细胞质不易着色,似解体细胞。有胚乳吸器。     

A visualization method for multi-relation in dataset

To express the multi-relation in complex dataset, proposed a fast visualization method based on the continuous Catmull–Rom curve. The method expresses the entity data and the taxonomic relation in dataset using the hypergraph. The nodes are designed to represent the entity data in dataset. The hyperedge is introduced to link all the relative nodes in one multi-relation. The hyperedge can be visualized by the curve style or the regional style according to different requirements. The nodes in one hyperedge are linked by a continuous curve in curve style, while all the nodes are surrounded by one closed region in regional style. The Catmull–Rom algorithm is adopted to produce the continuous curve between the adjacent nodes in curve style. The nodes are regarded as the control points in the interpolating processing of Catmull–Rom algorithm. The peripheral points are obtained by extending along the tendency line of the hyperedge in regional style. The closed curve connecting these peripheral points forms a closed region expressing the hyperedge. The color selected to stain the hyperedge based on color wheel. The selected colors for each hyperedge can maximize the visual differentiation in the processing of coloring each hyperedge. The experimental results denoted that the method can achieve the intuitive and accurate expression for the multi-relation in complex dataset. The method can visualize the common scale dataset the in real time.     

鞑靼滨藜胚胎学研究

鞑靼滨藜（Ａｔｒｉｐｌｅｘ ｔａｔａｒｉｃａ Ｌ．）药壁４层细胞,中层１层;绒毡层腺质型。孢原细胞１列或２弄;同花药异花粉囊小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同步,同花粉囊减数分裂大部分同步,部分非同步;四分孢子多为四面体形,少数是左右对称形,胞质分裂同时型;成熟花粉粒为风状饰纹,３－细胞型;单子叶型药壁。弯生胚珠,厚珠心型;双珠被,四分子孢子直线。反足细胞受精前退化,属蓼型胚囊。胚的发育为藜型,胚乳细胞在球     

铃兰的胚胎学研究

铃兰（Ｃｏｎｖａｌｌａｒｉａ ｍａｊａｌｉｓＬ．）的花药四室,药壁发育为单子叶型。腺质绒毡层发育后期出现双核至多核。小孢子四分体主要呈左右对称型,偶见四面体型。胞质分裂为连续型。二细胞型花粉。子房三室,中轴胎座。胚珠倒生,双珠被,厚珠心。珠孔由内珠被形成。胚囊发育为葱型和英地百合型。受精以后,在子房壁、珠柄和外珠被细胞中含有草酸钙针晶。胚发育类似于石竹型,但基细胞发生纵裂形成两个子细胞。核型胚乳;合点端具巨形胚乳核     

四川自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群——简报Ⅲ.蜥脚类

本文记述了中侏罗世蜥脚类一新属种——巴山酋龙(Datousaurus bashanensts gen. et sp. nov.)对李氏蜀龙(Shunosaurus lii)的特征进行了补充,讨论了它们在蜥脚类进化过程中的位置。     

Morphology of the female reproductive organs of the African lion (Panthera leo)

The topography and splanchnology of the reproductive organs of the African lioness were studied and described in situ and after removal. The kidneys were located far caudally in relation to the thirteenth ribs. The suspensory ligament was very well developed, originated in a fan‐like manner from the dorsolateral abdominal wall lateral to the kidney and extended up to a few centimetres cranial to the kidney. The proper ligament of the ovary as well as the round ligament was well developed. The round ligament inserted on the medial femoral fascia. The left ovary was bigger than the right. The ovarian bursa had a short mesosalpinx that did not cover any part of the ovary and the fimbriae extended along the entire length. The urethral tuberculum as well as the urethral crest were well developed. The left uterine horn was longer than the right. The uterine tube was found to open directly into the tip of the uterine horn and not onto a papilla. The reproductive organs of the lioness resembled those of the domestic cat and dog but with some major differences.     

陕西秦岭半仓山蝎蛉的生物学观察

2004~2005年,在陕西省南部米仓山黎坪国家森林公园研究了秦岭蝎蛉Panorpa qinlingensisChouetRan的年生活史和生物学习性,通过饲养,成功获得卵、幼虫、蛹等虫态。结果表明,秦岭蝎蛉在米仓山1年发生2代,以预蛹在土室里越冬,5月中旬始见越冬代成虫,5月中旬末~6月上旬为越冬代成虫羽化盛期,7月下旬~8月中旬为第1代成虫羽化盛期,成虫在室内可存活35~60 d。羽化近1周后开始交尾,交尾4~8 d后开始产卵,单雌产卵量35~180粒,卵期5~9 d;幼虫型,共4龄,历期38~50d;蛹为强颚离蛹,蛹期8~18 d。记述了主要生物学习性。     

C3、C4和CAM途径的生态学意义

本文通过C_3,C_4和CAM植物在不同环境中的分布,从3个方面阐述了这3种碳同化途径在利用环境资源时的生态学意义——资源分隔: 1.光合途径的空间分异:(1)不同光合类型植物的气候带(水平和垂直带)和地理区域分布;(2)不同光合类型植物在微环境中的分布。 2.光合途径的时间分异。 3.光合途径在资源分隔中的重叠。     

The Embryology of Nyssa sinensis Oliv. (Nyssaceae)

The flower develops in March and blossoms in early May in Nanjing. The cytokinesis of microsporocytes is simultaneous and most tetrads are tetrahedral. The tapetum is secretory and the nuclei become polyploid at last. The style is solid and most ovaries are unilocular, rarely bilocular. The ovule is pendulous, anatropous and unitegmic. The nucellus is pseudocrassinucellate. An obturator formed by transmitting tissue covers the micropyle. The raphe vascular strand extends into the integument when it reaches the chalaza and on a whole keeps a “U” shape. The endothelium cell is uninucleate. In most cases no nucellar cap is formed. No hypostase is found below the embryo sac. The archesporium is one-celled. The embryo sac development conforms to the Polygonum or Allium types. The degeneration of the megaspores in the linear tetrad usually occurs from the chalazal toward the micropylar end. Two synergids persist during fertilization. Three antipodal cells are uninucleate and ephemeral. Two polar nuclei fuse at the time of fertilization. The fertilization type accords with porogamy. The syngamy is premitotic. The development of endosperm is cellular. The initial four successive divisions of the primary endosperm cell are transverse-verticaltransverse-transverse subsequently, giving rise to sixteen cells of the early endosperm. The mature embryo is straight and nearly as long as the endospermous seed. The cotyledons are more or less cordate at base. The seedoat is thin and composed of 5-11 layers of compressed cells. Neither embryo nor endosperm contain the alkaloid camptothecine. The major similarities of Nyssa sinensis to the American nyssas in embryology, which may be a counted as the generic features, are the polyploid tapetum cells, the unitegmic ovule with U-shaped vascular strand, the direct enlargement of the archesporial cell to produce the megasporocyte, the pseudocrassinucellus, the usual absence of the nucellar cap, the Polygonum or Allium type of the embryo sac development, the first degeneration of the metachalazal megaspore, the ephemeral antipodal cells, a single nucleolus in the nucleus ofthe primary endosperm cell, the more or less cordate base of the cotyledons.     

长吻鮠精巢及精子结构的研究

长吻鮠精巢高度分支呈指状。后1/3紫红色,由上皮细胞组成,既不产生精子,也不贮存精子。精巢的内部结构为叶型,由体细胞和生殖细胞构成,小叶的基本单位是小囊。精子头短而圆,主要为核占据,无顶体,核凹窝十分发达,有中心粒帽;尾极长,具侧鳍,轴丝基部有发达的囊泡状结构和线粒体。