Anions Mediate Ligand Binding in Adineta vaga Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels

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Highlights? The AvGluR1 LBD is a hybrid structure with iGluR prokaryotic and eukaryotic features ? AvGluR1 binds hydrophobic amino acids as well as glutamate ? Chloride ions acts as surrogate ligand atoms in the Ala, Ser, and Met complexes ? The AvGluR1 LBD assembles as a dimer but with very low affinity     

Cap-assisted internal initiation of translation of histone H4

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Highlights? Two structural elements of histone H4 mRNA drive translation initiation ? Ribosome is tethered by an eIF4E-binding site located in the coding region ? A RNA three-way helix junction element positions ribosome on the start codon ? The m⁷G cap-binding pocket formed by the mRNA controls histone translation     

Expression in Escherichia coli: becoming faster and more complex

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Highlights? Escherichia coli: a highly versatile host to produce samples for structural biology. ? High-throughput technologies have increased single protein expression success rates. ? Co-expression eases production of complexes but still suffers from bottlenecks. ? Co-expression combined with high-throughput can tackle complex assemblies.     

Unfolded phosphopolypeptides enable soft and hard tissues to coexist in the same organism with relative ease

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Highlights? Some unfolded phosphoproteins form stable complexes with amorphous calcium phosphate. ? Stable complexes require ≥3 phosphorylated residues within a short sub-sequence. ? Soft and hard tissues can co-exist in the same organism because of these complexes.     

All-Atom Ensemble Modeling to Analyze Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering of Glycosylated Proteins

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Highlights? MW determined from zero angle scattering is accurate for glycoproteins ? All-atom modeling with SAXS data can identify structural features of glycans ? SAXS ab initio reconstructions provide little structural information for glycans     

Moderation of Arabidopsis Root Stemness by CLAVATA1 and ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4 Receptor Kinase Complexes

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Highlights? CLV1 receptor kinase regulates stemness in Arabidopsis root and shoot meristems ? CLV1 and ACR4 form homo- and heteromeric complexes as shown by a novel FRET assay ? CLV1/ACR4 complexes differ in composition between plasma membrane and plasmodesmata ? CLV1/ACR4 complexes regulate distal root meristem maintenance     

Visualizing the Determinants of Viral RNA Recognition by Innate Immune Sensor RIG-I

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Highlights? Crystallographic structure of RIG-I with 5′ triphosphorylated RNA duplex and ADP ? Solution biophysical analysis of ATP-dependent RIG-I conformational change ? The structural basis for ATP-stimulated RIG-I activation     

Redox-Dependent Control of FOXO/DAF-16 by Transportin-1

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Highlights? FOXO forms redox-sensitive, disulfide-dependent complexes with several proteins ? Transportin-1 binds to FOXO via a disulfide and regulates its nuclear localization ? Redox and insulin signaling govern FOXO nuclear localization via distinct pathways ? Redox control of longevity protein FOXO/DAF-16 is evolutionarily conserved     

Protein-Peptide Complex Prediction through Fragment Interaction Patterns

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Highlights? Polypeptide fragment interaction patterns predict bound protein-peptide complexes ? Peptide structures can be refined or extended by polypeptide fragment alphabets ? Interacting polypeptide fragment pairs guide domain-domain interface identification ? Interacting polypeptide fragment scaffolds have potential to dock protein domains     

Molecular machines

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Highlights? Elastic models of proteins capture large-scale motions of motors. ? Function of motors is embedded in native contacts and evolutionary patterns. ? Reaction path models motor motions by a tube of minimum free energy path. ? Milestoning correlates structure and function of atomic models of motors.     

Structural and Functional Integration of the PLCγ Interaction Domains Critical for Regulatory Mechanisms and Signaling Deregulation

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Highlights? Domains from PLCγ regulatory region show structural and functional integration ? Only cSH2 domain interacts with the PLC-core forming a high affinity surface ? Activation involves removal of autoinhibition and dissociation from the receptor ? Disease-linked mutations map to the autoinhibitory interface     

Proton-Coupled Dynamics in Lactose Permease

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Highlights? Deprotonation of Glu325 brings H⁺ translocation and sugar-binding sites together ? Deprotonation of Glu325 closes the internal water-filled cytoplasmic cavity ? Deprotonated LacY inserted into DMPC lipids shows no structural rearrangements ? The structural changes show remarkable similarities to experimental observations     

Structure and Dynamics of the Second CARD of Human RIG-I Provide Mechanistic Insights into Regulation of RIG-I Activation

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Highlights? The structure of a CARD of human RIG-I ? The mechanism and structural role of phosphorylation are revealed ? In trans interaction with the Helicase and regulatory domains is shown ? Lys172 lies in proximity to the CARD2:helicase-CTD interface     

Adaptor protein self-assembly drives the control of a cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase

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Highlights? The crystal structure of the heterotetrameric CRL3-SPOP ubiquitin ligase is reported ? Substrate adaptor proteins are recruited to CRL complexes through a signature motif ? Tandem BTB and BACK domains potentiate assembly and activity of the CRL3-SPOP ligase ? The SPOPL negative regulator creates a molecular rheostat to fine-tune CRL3 activity     

Differential Regulation of Distinct Vps34 Complexes by AMPK in Nutrient Stress and Autophagy

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Highlights? Different Vps34 complexes are distinctly regulated upon energy stress ? AMPK activates the proautophagy Vps34 complex by phosphorylating Beclin1 ? AMPK inhibits the nonautophagic Vps34 complex by phosphorylating Vps34 ? ATG14L determines whether the Vps34 complex is activated or inhibited by AMPK     

Crystal Structure of the Yeast Vacuolar ATPase Heterotrimeric EGChead Peripheral Stalk Complex

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Highlights? Two conformations of yeast V-ATPase EGC_head peripheral stalk complex were solved ? The EG heterodimer of the eukaryotic V-ATPase forms a noncanonical coiled coil ? Subunit G contains a conserved random coiled bulge that interrupts the coiled coil ? The EGC_head interaction represents an important target for therapeutic development     

Conformational dynamics of activation for the pentameric complex of dimeric G protein-coupled receptor and heterotrimeric G protein

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Highlights? Dynamics of dimeric Rho complexes in three different conformational states examined ? Photoactivation of Rho (Rho¹) causes structural relaxation of the helical bundle ? Binding of Gt to Rho¹ reduces flexibility of Rho¹ but increases flexibility in Gt ? Free Rho¹ exhibits different a conformation than it does in the Rho¹-G_t complex     

Saturated fatty acid and TLR signaling link β cell dysfunction and islet inflammation

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Highlights? Palmitate induces β cell dysfunction by activating inflammatory processes in islets ? β cells sense palmitate via the TLR4 pathway and recruit M1 macrophages to islets ? M1 macrophages play a pivotal role in palmitate-induced β cell dysfunction ? M1 macrophages and inflammation also play a role in β cell dysfunction in T2D models