四川德格上新蹄兔亚科(Pliohyracinae)一新属

以西藏后裂爪蹄兔 (PostschizotheriumtibetensisZongetal.,1 996)为基础 ,建立了上新蹄兔亚科 (PliohyracinaeOsborn ,1 899)一新属 :横断山蹄兔 (Hengduanshanhyraxgen .nov .)。它出现在四川甘孜德格的上上新统汪布顶组中。其主要特征是个体明显比Postschizotherium的小 ,吻部短而宽 ,脸部狭 ,齿隙在门齿之间、1 3和C之间以及在C和P1之间存在 ,颊齿从P1至M3紧密排列 ,上犬齿小、单根和前臼齿化不明显 ,前臼齿稍臼齿化 ,次尖小或不存在 ,P4具中附尖 ,上臼齿呈长方形 ,长大于宽 ,前附尖和中附尖发育 ,以及在臼齿的壁上存在少量的白垩质等等     

安徽上新五褶兔两新种及淮南上新五褶兔化石(英文)

近年,作者在安徽淮南大居山陆续发现了数量很多的上新五褶兔化石,其中包括保存较完整的数十个头骨及上百个下颌骨,均产自新洞、无名洞及铁四局洞穴、裂隙堆积,分别记述为大居山上新五褶兔Pliopentalagus dajushanensis sp.nov.和安徽上新五褶兔Pl.anhuiensis sp.nov.两新种。淮南地区的晚新生代洞穴和裂隙堆积十分发育,其中常含有丰富的脊椎动物化石,而且在时、空分布上有一定的规律。区内洞穴和裂隙堆积垂直分布至少有6个水平层,最高的第6层海拔高度为160 m(如大居山老洞),第5层(如大居山新洞、无名洞)及第4层(如大居山铁四局洞穴)的海拔高度分别为130 m和90 m,属于新近纪,常含有丰富的上新五褶兔化石;第3层为第四纪早期(如大居山西裂隙),未见上新五褶兔,代之出现丝绸兔(Sericolagus sp.),第2层为中更新世(如大顶山西裂隙),出现野兔(Lepus sp.)。迄今为止,安徽淮南地区共发现了3种上新五褶兔化石,即淮南上新五褶兔Pl.huainanensis (金昌柱,2004)、大居山上新五褶兔Pl.dajushanensis sp.nov.及安徽上新五褶兔Pl. anhuiensis sp.nov.,至少涉及了3个不同地质时期的动物群:一为Pl.huainanensis,Kowalskia neimengensis,Adcrocuta eximia等代表的老洞晚中新世动物群,二为Pl.dajushanensis sp.nov.和Promimomys asiaticus等代表的新洞早上新世动物群,三为Pl.anhuiensis sp.nov.和Kowalskia yinanensis所代表的晚上新世动物群。淮南地区发现的3种上新五褶兔地史分布较连续,演化特征明显,它们构成上新五褶兔连续的进化系列。从晚中新世至晚上新世,淮南大居山上新五褶兔体型从小变大;p3较原始的釉岛状后内褶沟逐渐向舌侧开放(晚中新世种Pl. huainanensis的后内褶沟均为釉岛状,早上新世种Pl.dajushanensis为83.9%,晚上新世种Pl. anhuiensis为33.3%);p4-m2的前外褶沟逐渐退化,其下跟座舌侧的釉质层越来越变细。依性状分析,安徽发现的3种上新五褶兔化石与日本琉球奄美黑兔(Pentalagus furnessi)具有密切的亲缘关系,但从日本奄美黑兔的p4-m2完全缺失前外褶沟、颊齿褶沟釉质层的褶曲异常复杂等衍生性状看,上新五褶兔和奄美黑兔的系统演化关系较为复杂,尚有待发现更多早更新世的材料进一步探讨。     

禄丰古猿地点中国兔猴一新种

本文记述的是在云南禄丰石灰坝古猿化石产地与古猿共生的一种中国兔猴化石。这类化石以下颌骨和牙齿较纤细,牙齿的颊侧齿带较发育,牙齿狭长,齿尖锐利和臼齿咬合面的三角凹较大,下次小尖向后延伸而使下内尖和下次小尖之间有较大间隔;上臼齿的颊舌径较小等特征区别于中国兔猴厚齿种(Sinoadapis carnosus Wu and Pan.)根据以上的形态特征,作者把它订为中国兔猴一新种:中国兔猴石灰坝种Sinoadapis shihuibaensis sp.nov.。     

内蒙古大庙中中新世上猿化石地点的鼠兔科化石(英文)

鼠兔科虽然是地质历史时期较为繁盛的一个门类,但现在仅有一个属(鼠兔属Ochotona)。Ochotona被认为与Bellatona有密切的亲缘关系,可能是由后者衍生而来。详细描述了内蒙古大庙上猿化石地点发现的鼠兔科化石,识别出一种古老类型Desmatolagus moergenensis以及其他三个种Bellatona cf.B.forsythmajori,Bellatonoides eroli,Ochotonacf.O.lagreli。归入Bellatona,Bellatonoides和Ochotona的这三个种的p3具有相似的形态,并呈现出连续变化的特征。Bellatona的p3具有两个唇侧褶沟,但无舌侧褶沟;Bellatonoides的p3具有浅的舌侧前褶沟,但与唇侧前褶沟分开较宽;Ochotona的p3则具有深的舌侧前褶沟,与唇侧前褶沟之间仅以很窄的齿质桥连接。M2从无后突起、较小的后突起至发育的后突起,也呈现出连续变化的特征。中间颊齿则难以区分。因此,推测这三个种之间存在连续的线性演化关系,Ochotona可能直接起源于Bellatonoides。磁性地层学与生物地层学对比结果显示该地点的年代约为12Ma,与根据分子钟推测的Ochotona的分化时间基本一致。     

山东宁阳早更新世哺乳动物化石(英文)

１９９９年,作者收到王元青博士转来胡长康老师未研究的一批哺乳动物化石。这些化石由山东省博物馆工作人员采自山东宁阳县伏山的裂隙堆积物中。根据化石围岩判断这批化石可归入同一动物群。该动物群包含１２种：松鼠科１种（Ｓｃｉｕｒｏｔａｍｉａｓ　ｓｐ．）,兔科２种（Ｂｒｅｖｉｌａｇｕｓ ｂｒａｃｈｙｐｕｓ,Ｌｅｐｕｓ ｓｐ．）,食肉目５种（Ｐａｃｈｙｃｒｏｃｕｔａ ｐｅｒｒｉｅｒｉ,Ｎｙｃｔｅｒｅｕｔｅｓ　ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｃａｎｉｓ ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ, Ｈｏｍｏｔｈｅｒｉｕｍ ｓｐ．和Ｍｅｌｅｓ ｓｐ．）,牛科２种（Ｇａｚｅｌｌａ ｓｐ．, Ｏｖｉｂｏｖｉｎａｅ ｇｅｎ ｅｔｓｐ．ｉｎｄｅｔ．）,鹿科２种（Ｃｅｒｖｕｓ　ｓｐ．,Ｃｅｒｖｉｄａｅ　ｇｅｎ　ｅｔ　ｓｐ．ｉｎｄｅｔ．）。其中,Ｐａｃｈｙｃｒｏｃｕｔａ　ｐｅｒｒｉｅｒｉ个体明显小于桑氏鬣狗（Ｐａｃｈｙｃｒｏｃｕｔａ ｌｉｃｅｎｔｉ）,ｐ２后附尖较发育,ｐ４前附尖高,ｍｌ三角座窄。四川巫山原鉴定为桑氏鬣狗的标本中至少有一件下颌骨（重庆自然博物馆,ＣＶ８７７）应当归入此种。Ｍｅｌｅｓ ｓｐ．具有较周口店第１８点发现的Ｍｅｌｅｓ ｃｈｉａｉ及中更新世常见的Ｍｅｌｅｓ　ｍｅｌ?     

中国更新世兔属化石的厘定

在对我国现生兔属各种骨骼特征研究的基础上,通过形态特征的观察与测量数据的分析,修订了已有的兔属化石材料。将周口店第1,2,6,20,山顶洞和东岭子洞等地点以及山东平邑发现的兔标本归入草兔Lepus capensis。以前被归入Lepus wongi种内的标本,除周口店第13地点及蓝田陈家窝子的应属于Lepus teilhardi外,其余地点的皆为Lepus capensis,因此L.wongi失去了原有的意义,为无效种。周口店第16地点的标本归入华南兔Lepus sinensis,是该种目前惟一的化石记录。辽宁营口金牛山的标本暂时归入东北兔Lepus mandschuricus。我国更新世共发现两个化石种和4个现生种。其中化石种Lepus teilhardi和L.ziboensis出现在早更新世晚期至中更新世早期,现生种L.capensis,L.mandschuricus,L.sinensis和L.comus分别出现在中更新世与晚更新世。初步讨论了兔属的起源,认为兔属可能起源于上新世的Trischizolagus。     

Alloptox gobiensis(兔形目 ,鼠兔科 )头骨形态及系统位置

产于宁夏同心地区中中新世红柳沟组的戈壁跳兔 (Alloptoxgobiensis)头骨化石 ,是Al loptox属头骨化石的首次发现。其主要特征是 :个体较大。颅顶平缓 ,额骨有眶上嵴且两侧平行。颞嵴、上枕骨、项嵴和枕外嵴发育。眶裂后的翼蝶骨上排列有 6个孔。有外颈动脉孔 ,颈静脉孔为圆形小孔。下颌骨水平支唇侧上缘前倾 ,垂直支前缘有一深沟 ,冠状突位于垂直支前缘唇侧壁中部 ,呈薄片状。基于头骨性状的支序分析结果表明 ,Alloptox与非洲的Kenyalagomys亲缘关系最近 ,应归入亚科Sinolagomyinae。Alloptox和Kenyalagomys可能起源于亚洲的共同祖先 ,由Sinolagomys或与其相近的属种演化而来 ,在新近纪早期迁入非洲。     

河北阳原山神庙咀早更新世直隶狼(Canis chihliensis)新材料

于2006-2011期间的4次野外发掘中,在泥河湾盆地的山神庙咀遗址发现了大量犬科化石,材料包括残破颅骨、前颌骨、上颌骨、若干下颌骨及头后骨骼的主要部件,其中的头后骨骼是迄今在中国发现的早期犬属化石中最为完整的.依据有关形态特征和测量数据,将其归入直隶狼(Canis chihliensis).具体特征如下:体形较大,I3强大,P4窄长,原尖发育,M1前后向变扁并具宽阔的齿带状次尖,m1具下后尖和下内尖,相对其M1大小而言,上、下第二臼齿较大,m2下跟座宽阔等.其头部骨骼及牙齿测量数据与现代灰狼的较为接近,但头后骨骼数据较后者明显为小.该种的最大特征是其下臼齿舌侧齿尖的退化和P4窄长及M1前后方向变扁.但山神庙咀犬属材料的ml舌侧齿尖的发育程度变异较大,因此,仅仅依据ml的特征不足以区分直隶狼和拟豺(Xenocyon dubius (=Cuon dubius)),尽管后者的鉴定与分类问题尚存争议,但直隶狼与被归入拟豺的材料有更多相似之处,它们与非洲野犬(Lycaon pictus)差异很大.山神庙咀遗址化石层与邻近的小长梁遗址文化层时代相当或稍晚,大约为1.3 Ma.     

江苏泗洪下草湾中中新世脊椎动物群──9.鼠兔科(哺乳纲,兔形目)

江苏泗洪松林庄、双沟和郑集早中新世（山旺期,约与欧洲新第三纪陆相哺乳动物分带MN4相当）的新种泗洪跳兔Alloptoxsihongensissp.nov.是迄今为止该属中出现最早、个体最小的种。该种已有较明显的形态分化。主要表现在p3上。p3在形态和大小上可分为两类。第一美个体较大,珐琅质厚度分化较明显,个别p3的下后尖前端已呈圆钝的角状,具有两个前外沟。第二类个体较小,珐琅质厚度分化较差,下后尖前端浑圆,仅具一个前外沟。由于对Alloptox的系统进化尚无足够的了解,现将其作为同一个种处理。根据上下齿列尤其是p3的形态分析,推测Alloptox可能由晚渐新世的Sinolagomysulungurensis或与其相近的鼠兔进化而来。     

气候变化与早期兔形类的演化:基于内蒙古Ordolagus新材料的研究（英文）

早渐新世是新生代全球气候变化的关键时期。这一时期发生了重大的哺乳动物群转换事件,在欧洲称之为"大间断",在亚洲则为"蒙古重建"。然而,关于渐新世哺乳动物各谱系的形态变化尚缺少详细探讨。兔形目是现代哺乳动物中多样性最低的类群之一,在全球的化石记录中很常见,尤其是在亚洲。渐新世时,许多古老的始新世兔形类灭绝并被更进步的类群所取代。内蒙古的新发现及对老标本的再研究使我们得以修订鄂尔多斯兔(Ordolagus)(亚洲常见的兔形类,可能源自中–晚始新世的戈壁兔Gobiolagus)。在内蒙古,我们识别出Ordolagus在早渐新世初期就已存在。与亚洲和北美的同期或稍早的兔形类的对比表明,Ordolagus具有一些显著的牙齿形态特征(p3下前边尖发达,颊齿完全高冠,p4–m2下三角座和下跟座舌侧相连等),这些也是现生兔形类的主要特征。Ordolagus中这些特征的出现与重大全球或区域气候变化同步。对亚洲早期兔形类的进一步研究,并参考其他小哺乳动物与区域气候因素的研究,将有助于完善兔形类作为古气候代用指标的作用。     

内蒙古依和苏布晚始新世兔形类(英文)

记述了内蒙古自治区脑木根乡附近依和苏布地点产出的 4种兔形类上下颊齿化石。依和苏布位于脑木根乡东南约 1 8km处 ,乌兰希热平台北缘 ,地理坐标为N42°36.1 1 4′,E1 1 1°34.5 96′。依据化石组合 ,该点地层年代初步定为晚始新世。 4种兔形类分别是 :Gobiolagusmajor、Hypsimylusyihesubuensissp .nov.、Desmatolaguscf.D .vetustus以及Desmatolagussp .。新发现的Gobiolagusmajor下颊齿和该种产自沙拉木伦地区乌兰戈楚层的正型标本(AMNH 2 60 98)在大小和形态上很相似 :齿冠较低 ,侧沟不伸入齿槽 ,三角座唇侧较舌侧短 ;m2跟座明显大于m1跟座 ;舌侧有釉质脊连接三角座和跟座。根据个体大小和相对低冠的颊齿 ,我们将一块带P3～M2的上颌骨归入Gobiolagusmajor,成为该种上臼齿的首次记录。上颌骨腭面门齿孔后缘与P3前缘齐 ,硬腭后缘止于M1与M2间位置 ,无前臼齿孔。P3～M2均具三齿根 ,唇侧两齿根小。P4非臼齿化 ,前后脊完全 ,封闭一V形新月谷。M1嚼面椭圆状 ,舌侧内沟短浅。后脊与舌侧的磨蚀面相连 ,其前方的横向谷应为三角座凹。前、后脊唇侧端应分别相当于前、后尖。Hypsimylusyihesubuensissp .nov .是继北京长辛店北京种后该属的第 2个记录。新种较H .beijingensis大 ,齿冠较低 ,m1较宽。下颊齿高冠     

Eocene Lagomorpha (Mammalia) of Asia: 2. Strenulagus and Gobiolagus (Strenulagidae)

Two species of early lagomorph, Strenulagus solaris sp. nov. (Monogolia, Khaychin-Ula 2 and 3 localities, Middle Eocene) and Gobiolagus hekkeri (Kyrgyzstan, Andarak 2 locality, terminal Lower Eocene), are described. A revision of Romanolagus hekkeri Shevyreva from the Andarak 2 locality has shown that it belongs to the genus Gobiolagus; consequently, the monotypic genus Romanolagus Shevyreva, 1995 is a junior synonym of Gobiolagus Burke, 1941. The diagnoses and species compositions of the genera Strenulagus and Gobiolagus are revised. Zaissanolagus gromovi Erbajeva from the Lower Oligocene of eastern Kazakhstan is shown to be the latest representative of the genus Gobiolagus and the family Strenulagidae.     

DISCOVERY OF THE UPPER CHEEK TEETH OF GOBIOLAGUS TOLMACHOVI (LAGOMORPHA, MAMMALIA)

<正> The upper cheek teeth of a Late Eocene laporid, Gobiolagus tolmachovi, are described here for the first time.Of 9 genera of Palaeolaginae of Leporidae, it is only the genus Gobiolagus, whose upper cheek teeth have never been reported before.The specimen was collected by the Sino-Soviet Palaeontological Expedition team in Shara Murun area, Nei Mongol in 1960. Its geological age is considered to be of Late oEcene (Shara Murun Formation).     

Paratritemnodon indicus (Creodonta: Mammalia) from the early Middle Eocene Subathu Formation,NW Himalaya,India, and the Kalakot mammalian community structure

A complete post-incisor upper dentition and a left mandible with P/3-M/3 of the proviverrine hyaenodontid (Creodonta: Mammalia)Paratritemnodon indicus, which was hitherto known by heavily worn P/3-M/3, are described from the uppermost Subathu Formation (Middle Eocene) of the Kalakot-Metka-Mohgala area, Rajauri District, Jammu and Kashmir.P. indicus is most closely related to the North American Early Eocene proviverrine,Tritemnodon; its relationships withProdissopsalis from the Middle Eocene of Europe andPropterodon from the Middle to Late Eocene of China are also close. In the Kalakot Eocene vertebrate community of the Subathu vertebrate bioprovince,P. indicus is the only land dwelling carnivorous mammal against more than 20 species of herbivorous mammals, a majority of which are larger than it. This is viewed as an imbalance in trie community and it reflects an immaturity of the ecosystem supporting the fauna. The scarcity of carnivore remains in the Kalakot mammalian fauna is not an artifact.     

内蒙古阿左旗乌兰塔塔尔中渐新世的兔科化石

本文记述了内蒙古阿左旗乌兰塔塔尔中渐新世地层中发现的兔形类材料中的一种兔科化石——德氏鄂尔多斯兔 [Ordolagus teilhardi (Burke), 1941]. 在形态上对该属种做了较多的补充和订正,并对其系统关系进行了初步探讨.     

Paleocene-Early Eocene ostracodes from the Southern Galala Plateau (Eastern Desert, Egypt): Taxonomy, impact of paleobathymetric changes

Ostracode faunas obtained from nine sections spanning the Paleocene-Early Eocene interval from a platform-basin transect in the Southern Galala Plateau area (Eastern Desert, Egypt) have been investigated. The study focuses on taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the ostracode assemblages across the P/E boundary, with supporting comments on paleoecology and paleobiogeography. The studied nine sections yielded 60 taxa belonging to 39 genera. Five species are new. The P/E transition is characterized by the appearance of new taxa rather than extinctions. During the Early and early Late Paleocene, the ostracode assemblages throughout the study area are largely similar, being dominated by middle-outer neritic taxa. In the late Late Paleocene and Early Eocene, changes in the paleobathymetry from deeper marine environments in the distal area in the south to shallower marine environments in the proximal area in the north become pronounced. Many of the recorded taxa have a wide geographic distribution throughout the Middle East and North Africa. Similarities with basins of West Africa are also found, reflecting faunal exchanges between this area and southern Tethys during the Paleocene and Early Eocene.     

Remains of sea turtles from the Ikovo locality (Lugansk Region, Ukraine; Middle Eocene)

Fragmentary remains of sea turtles (Cheloniidae sensu lato: Argillochelys sp., Puppigerus nessovi Averianov, 2005, and Cheloniidae gen. indet.) from the Ikovo locality (Lugansk Region, Ukraine; Lower Lutetian, Middle Eocene) are described. The genera Argillochelys and Puppigerus are recorded for the first time in Eastern Europe. The turtle assemblage from Ikovo is similar at the generic level to West European assemblages (Belgium, Great Britain) of approximately the same age (Lower-Middle Eocene). In the presence of P. nessovi, the Ikovo assemblage is similar to that from the Middle Eocene Dzheroi 2 locality (Uzbekistan).     

First substantial Middle Eocene record of the Lithornithidae (Aves): A postcranial skeleton from Messel (Germany)

A postcranial skeleton of a representative of the palaeognathous Lithornithidae (Aves) is described from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany. The specimen is slightly smaller than Lithornis plebius from which it, however, differs in limb bone proportions. It constitutes the latest fossil record of the Lithornithidae in Europe, whose only other Middle Eocene record is a fragmentary tibiotarsus from North America.     

云南路南中始新世雷兽化石

雷兽是一类生活在古近纪始新世的奇蹄类哺乳动物,化石主要发现在古北区的亚洲和北美。我国雷兽化石丰富,尤以在内蒙古地区发现居多。1943年Granger和Qegory根据在内蒙古找到的数量可观的完好材料(包括37个头骨和70件下颌骨在内的141件标本),对我国的雷兽化石做了较为全面和系统的整理和研究,划分出3个亚科、14个属和     

Paleoceanographic implications of smaller benthic and planktonic foraminifera from the Eocene Pazin Basin (Coastal Dinarides,Croatia)

Summary Smaller benthic and planktonic foraminifera from the clastic sediments of the Pazin Basin (Istria, Croatia) were studied in order to obtain more data about paleoceanographic conditions that existed in the Middle Eocene Dinaric foreland basin. The succession investigated corresponds to the Middle Eocene planktonic foraminiferal zones Globigerapsis kugleri/Morozovella aragonensis (P11), Morozovella lehneri (P12), and Globigerapsis beckmanni (P13). Benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the clastic succession are dominated by epifaunal trochospiral genera suggesting oligotrophic to mesotrophic conditions and moderately oxygenated bottom waters. Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages indicate mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions of the surface waters, with increased eutrophication in the upper part of the section. Water depth, based on the ratio between planktonic and epifaunal benthic foraminifera and on the recognized species of cosmopolitan benthic foraminifera, was estimated to have been between about 900 and 1200 m. The basin was elongated and open to marine currents on both sides allowing good circulation and ventilation of the bottom water.