枳属的核型研究

枳属(Poncirus Raf.)是Swingle于1913年从柑桔属(Citrus L.)中独立出的一个单种属,原产于我国,类型繁多,是柑桔类的一种主要砧木,具有树势矮化,抗寒,抗裙腐病、流胶病及线虫病,丰产、稳产、提早结实等优点。与其它柑桔类杂交,其后代均具很强的抗性。此外,该属未成熟果实中含有的枳苷(ponciridin)为著名中药材。     

应用同工酶进行柑桔分类和进化研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,分析了柑桔属及其5个近缘属108个生物型的过氧化物酶、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶,四唑氧化酶,6—磷酸葡萄糖异构酶、6一磷酸葡萄糖变位酶。超氧化物歧化酶、苹果酸酶以及酯酶等8种酶系统同工酶。 比较了属间,种间的酶谱差异。 运用数量分类学的原理及方法,对柑桔属、金柑属,枳属的同工酶资料进行了相异性类平均聚类分析。结果表明,6属之间,酶谱差异十分明显,各属都有独特的酶带。根据同工酶及形态分析结果,提出将柑桔属分为大翼橙亚属,宜昌橙亚属和柑桔亚属共包含七大类的观点。 富民枳可作为枳属一新种看待,它是联结枳属与柑桔属的桥梁。小果类桔是宽皮柑桔的原生类型;中国原产宽皮柑桔的代表以马鼻桔或细皮狗屎柑为佳。柑的来缘中有两条途径,即桔与甜橙的杂种以及桔的单元演化。依据同工酶研究结果,认为长寿金柑是金柑属与柑桔属的属间杂种;温州蜜柑来源于黄岩本地广桔的实生变异;香橙系宽皮桔与宜昌橙的杂种;酸橙则可能是柚与宽皮柑桔的杂交后代;枸橼和宽皮柑桔参与了红(木+黎)檬的起源。最后推测了柑桔类植物的系统发育趋势,初步绘出了演化图。     

富民枳的核型与分类位置探讨

报道了富民枳(Ponciruspolyandra)的染色体核型。间期核和有丝分裂前期染色体分别为球状前染色体型和中间型;体细胞中期染色体数目为2n=18,核型公式为2n=2x=18=12m 6sm(2SAT);核型不对称性类型为1A。将上述结果与前人报道过的枳和枳橙的核型进行比较。根据富民枳、枳和枳橙之间的核型差异,并结合富民枳形态学、孢粉学、叶片同工酶和分子系统学等方面的研究成果进行综合分析,我们认为富民枳能够以种的地位存在于枳属中,且是较枳更为原始的种类。     

一个芸香科属间嫁接嵌合体的拉丁名称:+Citroponcirus‘Hormish’

柑桔属(Citrus L.)和枳属(Poncirus Raf.)属间嫁接嵌合体是1986年从福建省连城县莒溪镇一个专业户果园的芦柑(Citrus reticulataBlanco)嫁接于枳(Poncirus trifoliata(L.)Raf.)的2 a生植株发生冻害后由嫁接口蘖芽产生变异获得的.枝条有单身复叶、二出复叶和三出复叶,一些枝条出现三出复叶枳枝,表现出芦柑和枳的嵌合;幼果密被茸毛,为枳的性状,成熟果实为芦柑形态并具有芦柑风味,产生一部分为枳一部分为芦柑的嵌合果;果实汁胞以橙红色为主,兼有少量淡黄色汁胞和橙黄嵌合汁胞.依据<国际栽培植物命名法规>,芸香科柑桔属和枳属属间嫁接嵌合体拉丁名称的属名是柑桔属和枳属的属名合并建立的新"属名",定名为+枳合芦属(+Citroponcirus),栽培品种加词采用这个嫁接嵌合体发现者的人名表示,这个属间嫁接嵌合体的拉丁名称是+Citroponcirus'Hormish';以公式表示为Citrus reticulata+Poncirus trifoliata.在施文格(Swingle)柑桔分类系统中,+Citroponcirus'Hormish'是目前世界上芸香科嫁接嵌合体中唯一的属间嫁接嵌合体.     

利用DNA片段测序方法探究枳属和富民枳的分类地位

富民枳(Poncirus polyandra)属于芸香科(Rutaceae)枳属(Poncirus Raf.).自发表以来,分类地位一直备受争议,其中在Flora of China中认为富民枳为柑橘杂交种(Poncirus polyandra),把枳属归并于柑橘属(Citrus).该研究选取枳属的富民枳、枳(Ponci...     

柑桔种质资源谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶同工酶研究

本文分析了125份柑桔属、枳属、金柑属和指来檬属种质资源的谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶同工 酶(GOT)。新发现了GOT-1的两个等位基因B和C。宽皮柑桔的GOT同工酶颇为一致(仅两个例 外),表明可能有共同的起源。酸橙的GOT同工酶较复杂,可能有多种起源,其中朱栾和小红橙的起 源可能与宜昌橙或香橙有关。在单胚种柚中发现了6种GOT基因组合。宜昌橙存在着两种GOT同工酶类型。本文讨论了甜橙、酸橙、葡萄柚、香橙、柠檬等种类的可能起源。     

部分柑桔属及其近缘属Giemsa C-带带型研究

本文应用Giemsa显带技术研究了枳属(Poncirus)、金柑属(Fortunella)和柑桔属(Citrus)16个分类群的染色体。枳属以末端带和着丝点带为主,金柑属与柑桔属主要以末端带为主;统计分析了各分类群每对染色体及全组染色体的异染色质含量,并列出其带型公式;探讨了金柑属的分类学地位;赞同把柚(C.grandis)作为柑桔属的基本种之一;根据异染色质含量的变化对柑桔属的带型演化进行了讨论。     

高等植物葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶与6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因的不同进化起源

葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶与6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶是植物戊糖磷酸途径中的两个酶.在克隆了水稻质体葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因OsG6PDH2和质体6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶基因Os6PGDH2基础上,分析比较了水稻胞质和质体葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因的基因结构、表达特性和进化地位.结合双子叶模式植物拟南芥两种酶基因的分析结果,认为高等植物葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因在进化方式上截然不同,葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶的胞质基因与动物和真菌等真核生物具有共同的祖先;6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶的胞质酶和质体酶基因都起源于原核生物的内共生.讨论了植物葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶与6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因可能的进化模式,为高等植物及质体的进化起源提供了新的资料.     

柑橘MYB15基因的克隆与表达分析

采用电子克隆和RT-PCR方法从柚(Citrus maxima(Burm.)Merr.)、枳(Poncirus trifoliata(L.)Raf.)和柠檬(Citrus limon(L.)Burm.f.)实生苗中克隆了3个MYB蛋白基因,分别命名为CmMYB15、PtMYB15和ClMYB15;并用实时定量qRT-PCR技术检测了该基因在脱落酸(ABA)、干旱、低温和高盐胁迫处理下的时空表达。结果显示,CmMYB15、PtMYB15和ClMYB15的cDNA序列全长分别为994、992、988 bp,分别编码267、266、265个氨基酸,且编码的氨基酸序列N端均含有2个串联的不完全重复的MYB DNA-binding结构域,由此推测该3个基因均属于R2R3亚类;MYB15基因均能被ABA、干旱、低温和高盐胁迫诱导表达,且在柚、枳和柠檬中存在表达差异。本研究表明柚CmMYB15、枳PtMYB15和柠檬ClMYB15是MYB基因家族成员,可能在柑橘响应非生物胁迫过程中起到一定的作用。     

高等植物葡萄糖-6- 磷酸脱氢酶与6- 磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因的不同进化起源

葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶与6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶是植物戊糖磷酸途径中的两个关键酶。在克隆了水稻质体葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因OsG6PDH2和质体6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶基因Os6PGDH2基础上,分析比较了水稻胞质和质体葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因的基因结构、表达特性和进化地位。结合双子叶模式植物拟南芥两种酶基因的分析结果,认为高等植物葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因在进化方式上截然不同,葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶的胞质基因与动物和真菌等真核生物具有共同的祖先;6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶的胞质酶和质体酶基因都起源于原核生物的内共生。讨论了植物葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶与6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因可能的进化模式,为高等植物及质体的进化起源提供了新的资料。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.