人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子在烟草种子中的表达

TransgenicResearch 2 0 0 2年 1 0月 1 1卷 5期 5 2 1～ 5 31页报道 :种子不仅是高等植物延续生命的重要材料 ,也是人类食物、药品和工业原料的重要来源。近年来已将不同来源包括人类、细菌和病毒的可利用的基因序列表达于植物 ,也试图利用转基因种子蛋白来生产药物。已知人粒细胞 巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (GM CSF)在调节白血细胞 (粒细胞和单核细胞 )的生成和功能中可发挥重要作用 ,在抗感染中具有重要的临床意义。还发现GM CSF在化疗、骨髓移植、抗癌和抗艾中也具有多种临床应用。因此 ,目前已有一些国家将重组GM CSF用于临床治疗…     

人粒细胞集落激因子cDNA的克隆,序列鉴定及初步表达

利用多聚酶链反应技术,从人膀胱癌细胞系５６３７细胞中快速扩增并克隆了人粒细胞集落刺激因子ｃＤＮＡ,序列分析证明,该ｃＤＮＡ包含人粒细胞集落刺激因子的全部编码基因,全长６１２ｂｐ,编码３０个氨基酸的信号肽和１７４个氨基酸的成熟蛋白。其中第４３位ｃｏｄｏｎ出现一个碱基的突变（ＣＡＣ→ＴＡＣ）导至第４３位氨基酸的改变（组氨酸→酪氨酸）。经逆转录病毒导入ＳＰ２／０细胞并初步表达。结果表明：该基因产物具有Ｇ     

鼠粒细胞集落刺激因子受体的纯化及鉴定

粒细胞集落刺激因子受体(G-CSFR)在鼠NFS-60细胞中有较高的含量,通过对NFS-60细胞的大规模培养,用CHAPS及超速离心抽提G-CSFR, 经G-CSF亲和层析纯化获得G-CSFR, 采用ABC-ELISA进行鉴定.     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子的纯化

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ）在工程菌ｐＣＧ－１／ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ／ＤＨ５ａ中以无活性的包涵体形式大量表达。经过菌体破碎分离包涵体、包涵体变性复性后,ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ的活性得到恢复。用离子交换和疏水层析纯化了ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ,比活性达１．５７×１０８ｕ／ｍｇ,纯度大于９８％。     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子发酵工艺研究

通过对大肠杆菌（E.coli）表达重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（rhG-CSF）工程菌DH5a的发酵工艺的研究,对影响工程菌生长和目标蛋白表达条件如：发酵培养基配方,pH值,诱导时间,分批补加营养物质等进行了优化。结果表明,采用优化的条件发酵后,工程菌得率达30g/L以上;目标蛋白表达量为30%以上。     

人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子研究进展

hGM-CSF是一种重要的具有免疫调节功能的糖蛋白,在造血调控和免疫调节方面发挥重要作用,具有重要的临床应用价值。总结近些年来各国对hGM-CSF的研究情况,首先对hGM-CSF的基因结构、蛋白分子结构、生物学活性等方面做了详细的介绍;接下来,又从基因转录水平和转录后水平两个方面对hGM-CSF的表达调控做了介绍;最后,对比了利用基因工程技术将hGM-CSF基因在不同生物中的表达情况,详细讲解了优缺点。     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子Cdna在哺乳动物细胞中高效表达的研究

利用PCR反应、DNA测序、基因重组等技术,构建了两个表达人粒细胞集落刺激因子cDNA的重组质粒pED－GCSF和pEF－GCSF,两质粒分别转染COS7细胞作瞬时表达,转染CHO－dhfr－细胞作稳定表达。结果两质粒在COS7细胞和CHO细胞均获得了表达,pED－GCSF转染COS7细胞48h、72h的表达量分别为5.2×10⁴pg/ml和2.3×10⁵pg/ml,pEF－GCSF转染COS7细胞后48h、72h的表达量分别为2.8×10⁵pg/ml和1.4×10⁵pg/ml。转染CHO－dhfr－细胞,随着加入的氨甲喋呤(MTX)浓度升高,CHO－dhfr+克隆数减少,但平均每个克隆的rhG－CSF表达量升高,在0.5μmol/L MTX下最高表达rhG－CSF细胞株的量是4.46μg/ml/3d。且表达的rhG－CSF注射小鼠腹腔可提高小鼠外周血白细胞的数量。     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子的复性研究

通过小试研究对重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)的复性条件,如氧化剂和还原剂比例、操作方法、时间和蛋白浓度,进行了优化选择,并在此基础上进行了中试放大试验的验证.试验结果表明,采用优化后的复性方法复性液中rhG-CSF的效价可达到1.8×107U/ml以上,比活性达到0.9×108/mg以上.     

脂多糖诱导人外周血单核细胞产生粒细胞集落刺激因子

用聚蔗糖－泛影葡胺分离液从正常人新鲜抗凝的外周血中分离出单核细胞。在组织培养条件下以大肠杆菌脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）诱导单核细胞,使其产生人粒细胞集落刺激因子（ｈＧ－ＣＳＦｍＲＮＡ和ｈＧ－ＣＳＦ。不同时间取出经诱导的细胞和培养上清液,分别用逆转录－合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法和双单克隆抗体ＥＬＩＳＡ夹心法检测细胞的转录产物和表达产物。结果表明：加入ＬＰＳ后的第４到第１２小时,单核细胞内有显著量ｈＧ－ＣＳ     

人G-CSF转基因鼠的稳定遗传与表达

利用人粒细胞集落刺激因子（Ｇ－ＣＳＦ）基因组基因作为目的片段,将其受控于２．６ｋｂ的小鼠乳清酸蛋白（ＷＡＰ）基因的调控区下,通过显微注射法获得了两只整合有人Ｇ－ＣＳＦ转基因小鼠,通过繁殖建立了稳定的转基因系．一些表型参数测定表明转基因鼠与正常鼠无明显差别．通过ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ及Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测,在乳腺表达出人Ｇ－ＣＳＦ,为乳腺表达外源蛋白质及今后大动物研究奠定了基础．     

G蛋白偶联受体激酶的调控

G蛋白偶联受体激酶(G protein-coupled receptor kinase,GRK)特异地使活化的G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptor,GPCR)发生磷酸化及脱敏化,从而终止后者介导的信号转导通路。研究表明,GRK的功能被高度调控,并具有下行调节GPCR的能力。调控GRK功能的机制包括两个层次：(1)多种途径调控激酶的亚细胞定位及活性,包括GPCR介导、G蛋白偶联、磷脂作用、Ca^2 结合蛋白调控、蛋白激酶C活化、MAPK反馈抑制、小窝蛋白抑制等;(2)调控GRK表达水平,主要体现在其与某些疾病的联系。     

Cloning and Expression of a G Protein-Linked Acetylcholine Receptor from Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract : We have isolated a cDNA clone from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that encodes a protein of greatest sequence similarity to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. This gene codes for a polypeptide of 682 amino acids containing seven putative transmembrane domains. The amino acid identities, excluding a highly variable middle portion of the third intracellular loop, to the human m1-m5 receptors are 28-34%. When this cloned receptor was coexpressed with a G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K⁺ channel (GIRK1) in Xenopus oocyte, acetylcholine was able to elicit the GIRK current. This acetylcholine-induced current was substantially inhibited by the muscarinic antagonist atropine in a reversible manner. However, another muscarinic agonist oxotremorine and antagonists scopolamine and pirenzepine had little or negligible effects on this receptor. Taken together, these results suggest that the cloned gene encodes a G protein-linked acetylcholine receptor that is most similar to but pharmacologically distinct from muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.     

趋化因子受体CXCR4b在大肠杆菌中的高效表达、增溶及纯化

膜蛋白在细胞分化、信号转导等生理活动中发挥着重要作用,然而膜蛋白结构与功能的研究却受到高质量蛋白制备的严重制约。将斑马鱼趋化因子受体CXCR4b基因克隆到pMAL-p4x表达载体中,在大肠杆菌TB1中表达麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)-CXCR4b融合蛋白。通过系统优化其发酵表达条件,实现了CXCR4b的过量表达。最佳表达条件为:宿主菌选用大肠杆菌TB1,TB培养基,诱导剂IPTG浓度为0.5mmol/L,诱导时机为对数中后期。通过对10种不同表面活性剂的筛选,发现DM、FC-14和Brij35等表面活性剂对CXCR4b有较好的增溶效果。利用Ni2+亲和色谱和S200凝胶色谱两步纯化,得到CXCR4b的纯度可达90%以上。圆二色谱检测显示纯化的CXCR4b呈典型的α螺旋结构。     

VEGF受体KDR胞外区基因的克隆及其在昆虫细胞中的表达

VEGF(血管内皮细胞生长因子,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)是刺激内皮细胞增殖和新生血管形成的最重要因子,与多种实体瘤的生长和转移密切相关。应用其可溶性受体阻断它的病理作用是一个非常有前景的课题。将VEGF受体KDR胞外区前三个Loop 969碱基对的cDNA片段克隆到杆状病毒表达载体pFastBacI,与杆状病毒表达载体Bacmid同源重组后,转染昆虫细胞SF9,获得重组杆状病毒并证明了目的基因的高效表达。经Western blot证实表达产物的特异性。经ELISA和体外生物学活性检测表明表达产物可阻断VEGF的生物学活性,抑制鸡胚CAM血管的生长。     

Heterotrimeric G Proteins and the Single-Transmembrane Domain IGF-II/M6P Receptor: Functional Interaction and Relevance to Cell Signaling

The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family represents the largest and most versatile group of cell surface receptors. Classical GPCR signaling constitutes ligand binding to a seven-transmembrane domain receptor, receptor interaction with a heterotrimeric G protein, and the subsequent activation or inhibition of downstream intracellular effectors to mediate a cellular response. However, recent reports on direct, receptor-independent G protein activation, G protein-independent signaling by GPCRs, and signaling of nonheptahelical receptors via trimeric G proteins have highlighted the intrinsic complexities of G protein signaling mechanisms. The insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6 phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptor is a single-transmembrane glycoprotein whose principal function is the intracellular transport of lysosomal enzymes. In addition, the receptor also mediates some biological effects in response to IGF-II binding in both neuronal and nonneuronal systems. Multidisciplinary efforts to elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways that underlie these effects have generated data to suggest that the IGF-II/M6P receptor might mediate transmembrane signaling via a G protein-coupled mechanism. The purpose of this review is to outline the characteristics of traditional and nontraditional GPCRs, to relate the IGF-II/M6P receptor’s structure with its role in G protein-coupled signaling and to summarize evidence gathered over the years regarding the putative signaling of the IGF-II/M6P receptor mediated by a G protein.     

Allosteric Activation of a G Protein-coupled Receptor with Cell-penetrating Receptor Mimetics

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are remarkably versatile signaling systems that are activated by a large number of different agonists on the outside of the cell. However, the inside surface of the receptors that couple to G proteins has not yet been effectively modulated for activity or treatment of diseases. Pepducins are cell-penetrating lipopeptides that have enabled chemical and physical access to the intracellular face of GPCRs. The structure of a third intracellular (i3) loop agonist, pepducin, based on protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) was solved by NMR and found to closely resemble the i3 loop structure predicted for the intact receptor in the on-state. Mechanistic studies revealed that the pepducin directly interacts with the intracellular H8 helix region of PAR1 and allosterically activates the receptor through the adjacent (D/N)PXXYYY motif through a dimer-like mechanism. The i3 pepducin enhances PAR1/Gα subunit interactions and induces a conformational change in fluorescently labeled PAR1 in a very similar manner to that induced by thrombin. As pepducins can potentially be made to target any GPCR, these data provide insight into the identification of allosteric modulators to this major drug target class.     

Automated large-scale purification of a G protein-coupled receptor for neurotensin

Structure determination of integral membrane proteins requires milligram amounts of purified, functional protein on a regular basis. Here, we describe a protocol for the purification of a G protein-coupled neurotensin receptor fusion protein at the 3-mg or 10-mg level using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and a neurotensin column in a fully automated mode. Fermentation at a 200-l scale of Escherichia coli expressing functional receptors provides the material needed to feed into the purification routine. Constructs with tobacco etch virus protease recognition sites at either end of the receptor allow the isolation of neurotensin receptor devoid of its fusion partners. The presented expression and purification procedures are simple and robust, and provide the basis for crystallization experiments of receptors on a routine basis.