固定化酵母细胞流化床反应器的 操作与嫩啤酒双乙酰水平

利用海藻酸钠固定化酿酒酵母细胞和流化床生物反应器进行介质循环发酵。反应器中固定化胶体最适体积分数(φ)为O．40(v／v)。在给定固定化胶体体积分数(φ=O．40),给定发酵温度(10℃)和循环比(n=5)的条件下,研究了循环流速对主发酵周期和对嫩啤酒双乙酰水平的影响。结果表明,发酵周期随流速的增加而减少,而双乙酰浓度则随流速的增加而提高。当停留时间τt=2．8h,发酵周期T(=nτ r)为14h,嫩啤酒中双乙酰浓度为0．5ppm。     

固定化酵母细胞流化床反应器的 操作与嫩啤酒双乙酰水平

利用海藻酸钠固定化酿酒酵母细胞和流化床生物反应器进行介质循环发酵。反应器中固定化胶体最适体积分数(φ)为O．40(v／v)。在给定固定化胶体体积分数(φ=O．40),给定发酵温度(10℃)和循环比(n=5)的条件下,研究了循环流速对主发酵周期和对嫩啤酒双乙酰水平的影响。结果表明,发酵周期随流速的增加而减少,而双乙酰浓度则随流速的增加而提高。当停留时间τt=2．8h,发酵周期T(=nτ r)为14h,嫩啤酒中双乙酰浓度为0．5ppm。     

真菌-氧化氮还原酶细胞色素P-450nor 2 cDNA序列的测定

在真菌的反硝化作用中,一种细胞色素P-450起着一氧化氮还原酶的作用,被称为细胞色素P-450nor^[1]。最近的研究发现：真菌细胞色素P-450nor有三种类型。除了缣孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)P+450nor(即F．P-450nor)外。还有两种存在于柱孢菌(Cylindrocarpon tonkinense)．即C. P-450norl和2^[2]。 F．P-450nox和C．P-450norl能以NADH为直接的电子供体,使NO还原生成N₂O。C. P-450nor2不仅能直接利用NADH。而且能直接利用NADPH．还原NO生成N₂O。F. P-450nor基因已被克隆和测序^[3-4]。本文测定了C．P-450nor2的eDNA编码区全序列,3’非编码区部分序列和5’引导序列。     

L－精氨酸组织传感器动力学响应机理的研究

生物组织中有丰富的酶源。由于酶的底物专一性,固此利用生物组织可研制对生物物质选择响应的组织传感器^〔1－4〕。为了制备性能良好的组织传感器及扩大它们的应用,必须对生物组织传感器的动力学响应机理进行研究。目前有关这方面的报道较步。本工作利用L－精氨酸厚叶景天叶组织传感器〔6〕研究了L－精氨酸组织传感器的动力学响应机理。     

二种重组α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶在啤酒生产中降低双乙酰的作用

利用已构建的含有短芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｂｒｅｖｉｓ）和产气肠杆菌（Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ　ａｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｓ）α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶（α－ａｃｅｔｏｌａｃｔａｔｅ ｄｅｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌａｓｅ, α-ＡＬＤＣ）基因的工程菌株,并使它们分别在大肠杆菌中高效表达,获得重组α－ＡＬＤＣ。在实验室,用 ２Ｌ体积的麦芽汁进行啤酒生产试验,添加 ２种重组α－ＡＬＤＣ后,使啤酒中的双乙酰含量快速下降到或始终保持在０.１ｍｇ／Ｌ以下。证明得到的重组ａ－ＡＬＤＣ能有效地降低啤酒中双乙酰含量。     

一株利用苯胺的细菌的分离筛选

从活性污泥中分离到一株能以苯胺为唯一氮源生长同时降解苯胺的细菌C7,经鉴定为芽抱杆菌（Bacillussp．C7）。该菌株最高可以降解500mg／L的苯胺,所需时间为9～12d,降解苯胺的最适pH和温度分别为8．0和30℃,最适苯胺浓度为400mg／L,在此条件下苯胺的降解率可达96．8％。试验结果表明,重金属离子对C7菌株苯胶的降解都有不同程度的抑制作用,以Hg²⁺、Ag⁺和Co²⁺最明显,结果还表明硫酸铵对苯胺的降解也有抑     

微生物传感器测定维生素B12的研究

将大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)215用吸附法固定于醋酸纤维素膜上,与氧电极配合组成微生物电极,建立了对维生紊B₁₂的快速测定系统。测定浓度范围5×10^-6mg—2．5×10^-5mg／ml;测定温度范围在28—39℃;最适Ph为6．7—7．8,测定一个样品所需时间为2h,比常用的生物学测定方法所需时间缩短10倍以上。该系统对维生素B₁₂重复测定的相对误差为±3％。固定化菌体在－25℃保存25天后再进行测定,应答电流不低于初始值的92%。     

高活性反硝化颗粒污泥的研究

以上流式厌氧污泥床（ＵＡＳＢ）反应器中的反硝化颗粒污泥为样品,研究了颗粒污泥的基本特性。测定出颗粒污泥中的优势无机元素为Ｃａ、Ｐ．颗粒表面以球菌和短杆菌为主。反硝化菌是颗拉中的优势菌群,数量可达６．５ｘ１０^８－１．５ｘ１０^１０个／ｍｌ颗粒污泥。初步鉴定了两株脱氮菌Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｓｐ．ｓｔｒａｉｎＮ_１和ＰｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓａｅｒｕｇｉｎｏｓａｓｔｒａｉｎＮ_２．     

钙离子对293细胞结团和生长的影响

分别在有血清和无血清条件下、方瓶和转瓶中考察了Ca²⁺ 对2 93细胞结团和生长的影响。通过实验发现,Ca²⁺ 浓度在0 1～1 0mmol L范围内对2 93细胞的贴壁和结团性质有显著影响,而对生长影响不大。结果表明:有血清贴壁培养时,较高的Ca²⁺ 浓度有利于细胞贴壁;无血清悬浮培养中,Ca²⁺ 浓度越高,细胞结团越严重,细胞结团达到平衡后的平均粒径(D ,μm)与Ca²⁺ 浓度(c,mmol L)在0.1～0.5mmol L范围内可用一次函数D =58.65c +16.96描述,细胞结团尺寸是可调控的;而细胞在不同的Ca²⁺ 浓度下有相似的生长规律。     

乳酸克鲁维酵母β－半乳糖苷酶的分离纯化及性质研究

乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis)经高压破壁后的粗提液,其β-半乳糖苷酶(E．C．3．2．1．23)比活力为5．56u／mg。经硫酸铵沉淀,丙酮沉淀,PAPMA—Sepharose 4B柱层析后,乳糖酶比活力达370u／mg,纯化了66．2倍,SDS—PAGE鉴定为一条带,分子量85000Da。酶作用的最适pH在6．4—6．8之间,最适温度40℃,50℃保温15min酶活丧失90％。以邻硝基苯一β一半乳糖苷(ONPG)为底物的米氏常数为2．78mmoI／L。酶的正常水解产物半乳糖对酶活力有一定的抑制作用,核糖强烈抑制酶活力,Fe²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺、Ag⁺、PCMB和NBS都能使酶活丧失。Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺和还原剂巯基乙醇的存在能提高酶活力。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.