Distribution de la Phosphonates dans le Sang et le Sperme de Boeuf

A new assay for aminopeptidase P was established by coupling with proline iminopeptidase using Gly-Pro-chromogen (e.g. Gly-Pro-β-naphthylamide, Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide, or .Gly-Pro-4-methyl coumarin amide) as the substrate. With each substrate, a linear relationship was established between the enzyme amounts and color development or fluorescence due to the chromogen released. This assay method did not suffer from interference by materials in culture broth. By using this assay method, aminopeptidase P was partially purified from Escherichia coli HB101 by chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On the chromatogram with a DEAE-Sephadex column, two peaks of aminopeptidase P were observed and were named APP-I and APP-II. APP-I was further purified by HPLC using DEAE-5PW and Phenyl-5PW columns. Optimum pHs of APP-I and APP-II were 8.0 and 9.0, respectively. In contrast to APP-I which was stable around pH 10, APP-II was stable at pH 8 to 9. After incubation for 30 min at pH 8.0, fifty percent of the remaining activity of APP-I and APP-II were observed at 60°C and 50°C. APP-I and APP-II were activated 3-fold by the addition of 5 and 30 μm Mn²⁺. They were inhibited by EDTA, and reactivated by adding Mn^{2 +}. The molecular weights of APP-I and APP-II were 350,000 and 210,000, respectively. Each enzymes released the amino terminal amino acid when proline is at the penultimate position. The velocity of hydrolysis by the enzymes was not significantly different for most X-Pro bonds (X = amino acid) of peptides except for Pro-Pro bond. APP-II hydrolyzed penta-(Pro-Pro-Gly) at a much higher rate than APP-I, suggesting the aminopeptidase P reported by Yaron and Mlynar (BBRC, 32, 658 (1968)) to be APP-II.     

La stratigraphie et le Paléolithique du complexe saalien dans la région de la Saale et de l’Elbe

Some sediment sequences were known in the Elbe-Saale region. They enable a subdivision of the Saale complex, that is from Neumark Nord (Geisel valley), from Weimar-Ehringsdorf and Bad Kösen-Lengefeld (Saale valley). According to it, there are two interglacials between the Saalian groundmoraine (s.str.) and the Eemian. They are characterized by a strong subcontinental climatic influence, which could not be observed in the other interglacials of the Elbe-Saale region. The interglacials are connected with find horizons from the Middle Palaeolithic. They are concisely described here with their inventories.     

TEP/TDM dans le diagnostic et la stadification des lymphomes

Histological subtypes of lymphomas are important because FDG uptake is much greater in aggressive than in indolent lymphomas and this, results in lower sensitivity of PET for the staging of indolent lymphomas. Staging is especially useful when treatment is changed according to staging. Staging with imaging methods has traditionally been performed using a CT scanner and has been based on the detection of nodal enlargement, an increased number of small nodes and in the presence of extranodal masses. However, CT is limited by its poor sensitivity in the detection of extranodal sites of involvement, in the identification of tumour involvement of normal size lymph nodes and in the differentiation between malignant and inflammatory enlarged lymph nodes. The uptake of FDG detected with PET images reflects metabolic activity rather than the size of the tissue masses, localizing tumoral activity in enlarged and in normal size lymph nodes. In the literature review that compares PET with CT, PET usually indicates more lesions than CT would and PET improves sensitivity without losing specificity. However, the majority of studies report that PET, improves the staging in a relatively limited number of patients (10-20%) and may change treatment in less than 10% of patients. Diagnostic accuracy of PET may improve with the use of hybrid PET/CT systems that combine metabolic and morphological imaging, in the same scanner and without moving the patient. This is a promising technique that will overcome the limitations of both modalities and may enhance diagnostic accuracy in lymphoma patients. This hybrid equipment allows the use of PET/CT with contrast-enhanced full dose CT (a diagnostic CT) instead of carrying out PET and CT on different days.     

Un habitat de la fin du Mésolithique dans le Centre-Ouest de la France : L’Essart à Poitiers (Vienne)

The excavation of L’Essart (Poitiers) makes it possible for the first time in the west of France to understand a very particular habitat, along a river and very much marked by the firing activities. The substrate of the site assigns the shape of a dome surrounded to the east by the Clain River, to the west by a channel. Abundant vestiges allotted to the recent Neolithic lay in the lower half of a layer of brown silts. Immediately subjacent, a level of ten centimetres, located at the top of orange silts, contained burnt stones structures: 39 hearths (circular area posed flat approximately one meter of diameter) and 14 dismantled hearths. It is dated from the final Mesolithic by the extremely abundant lithic material discovered in the layer. Lithic industry is carried out in a preferential way on bajocians flints available on the slope (62%) and oxfordians flints (8%) known to approximately two kilometres. The principal characters of this industry are a frontal exploitation of core, a production of prismatic blades, many notches of Montbani type on the blades, asymmetrical trapezoids with concave truncations (of which Trapezoids of Payré), right-angled trapezoids with concave truncations, scalene triangles with flat retouches and arrows of Montclus. The analogies with Retzian (Vendée and Loire-Atlantique) are certainly numerous, but it is rather about a relationship in a vaster unit that remains to define. The non anecdotic presence of the arrows of Montclus involves the discussion on the question of the zones of contacts between Neolithic and Mesolithic of the second half of the VI^th millenium BC.     

Mise en Evidence de la Carcinine Synthétase, une Nouvelle Enzyme Catalysant le Métabolisme de l''Histamine dans le Systeme Nerveux Central de Carcinus maenas

Carcinine biosynthesis was induced in vitro from its two components, beta-alanine and histamine. The reaction was catalyzed by muscle, heart, and CNS extracts from Carcinus maenas. The specific activity of the enzyme, carcinine synthetase, was 15 times higher in CNS than in other organs. Only CNS extracts induced biosynthesis of carcinine from histidine, and only in the presence of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. Hence the seat of carcinine biosynthesis seems to be the CNS. It is highly probable that in the CNS, histidine is transformed into histamine, which is then catabolized into carcinine. The latter would then be transported and accumulated in the cardiac tissue. Thus histamine--the metabolism of which takes place totally within the CNS--would be implicated as a participant in the neuronal activity of Carcinus maenas. Carcinine synthetase is a soluble enzyme that requires the presence of ATP, beta-alanine, and histamine. Mg2+ and dithiothreitol are also essential for activity. Optimum pH is approximately 7.6. Carcinine synthetase differs from carnosine synthetase and gamma-glutamylhistamine synthetase in that it does not catalyze synthesis of beta-alanylhistidine or gamma-glutamylhistamine.     

Correlations stratigraphiques et paleogeographie des formationsmarines et continentales a la limite Oligocene-Miocene dans le SE de la France

Correlation table of the different units at the oligocene-miocene boundary; paleogeographical and paleoclimatical results; discussion.     

Observations sur la Presence de Certains Lamellibranches Lithophages Fossiles du Miocene dans le Sud-Est de l'Europe et dans la Mer Noire

Dans le Miocène moyen du Sud-Est de l'Europe on rencontretrès rarement des exemplaires fossiles de lamellibrancheslithophages, quelques-uns de ceux-ci appartenant au genre Lithophagaet d'autres au Pholas, Clavagella, Saxicava, Petricola, et Barnea.Certaines especes de Pholas et de Barnea sont rélativementsouvent rencontrees non seulement dans le Miocène moyen(etage Tortonien), mais aussi dans le Miocène supérieur(étage Sarmatien). En génèral ces espèces se rencontrent surun substrat calcaire. Å la fin du Miocène les espècesde lamellibranches fossiles lithophages disparaissent du basinde la Mer Noire, a cause que celui-ci est devenu un basin d'eaudouce. Mais, dans le temps actuel trois espèces de lamellibrancheslithophages vivent aussi dans la Mer Noire, venues dans le Quaternairede la Mer Mediterranee. C'est-à-dire: Pholas dactylusL., Barnea Candida var. pontica Mil., qui vivent sur un substratformé surtout de marnes argileuses ou de marnes calcaires.Sur un substrat de grès dures calcaire se rencontre presqueexclusivement Petricola lithophaga Retzius, sur la plateformerocheuse du sud de Constantza (Roumanie).     

Les isoformes neuronales des tyrosines kinases Src,Fyn et Lck : rôle particulier de la p56lckN dans la survie neuronale

The two main tyrosine kinases (TK) in the brain are p60Src and p59Fyn, expressed as specific isoforms (p60SrcNI, p60SrcNI + NII and p59fynB). They play a pivotal role in some major processes such as neuronal growth and myelinisation. Another member of this TK family was then reported in brain, the p56lck. Its name Lck (lymphocyte cell kinase) indicates its cellular specificity observed initially, so its presence in the brain was intriguing. But no further studies were performed to understand its role in brain until recent clinical studies on Alzheimer patients’ brains. One study reveals a decreased p56lck level in the brains of these patients while another study shows an association between one peculiar SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) of the lck gene and some cases of the disease. These new data prompt us to reinvestigate the original biochemical data and to confront them with the present knowledge. This analysis suggests some hypothesis concerning both the Lck protein expressed in the brain (rather an isoform than the lymphocyte protein itself) and its role (to maintain the neuronal survival presumably by protecting them from inflammation, the main pathway that leads to neuron degeneracy).     

Néandertal et le feu au Paléolithique moyen ancien. Tour d’horizon des traces de son utilisation dans le Nord de la France

This article aims at drawing up balance sheet of remains of fire use by the first Neanderthals of Northern France, during the second part of the Saalian (MIS 8 to 6). This overview reminds us the rarity of fire testimonies during Early Middle Palaeolithic (300–130 ky BP) on the scale of North-Western Europe. For Northern France, only the sites of Biache-Saint-Vaast and Therdonne present remains of combustion. At Biache-Saint-Vaast, it is not less than six levels, which present clues of combustion: burnt flint and faunal remains and sometimes charcoals. At Therdonne, besides burnt numerous flint and some rare faunal remains were brought to light during the excavation of level N3 several rich zones in organic residues and micro-charcoals. All the datas collected concerning the clues of combustion at Biache-Saint-Vaast and Therdonne is compiled, analyzed and interpreted. This approach permits to establish the fire use or its absence in saalian occupations of Neanderthals of Northern France and to discuss modalities of its use, particularly at Therdonne. To conclude, fire status and its implications in first Neanderthals occupations are briefly discussed.     

Influence de l'intensité et de la longueur d'onde de la lumière sur le rendement des radicaux libres dans les semences de tomate et de carotte

Influence of light intensity and wavelength on the yield of free radicals in seeds of tomato and carrot.
Seeds of tomato ( Lycopersicum esculentum L. cv. Gribovsky-1180) and carrot ( Daucus carota L. cv. Santanet) were irradiated by continuous light of different wavelengths (white, blue, green, red, far-red and He-Ne laser) and different power density. Free radical output was measured using Electron Spin Resonance spectra (ESR). The dependence of the content of free radicals (FR) on the light power density was established. The yield of FR in the seeds irradiated with monochromatic light of the same power density was inversely proportional to the wavelength. The ESR spectra showed maximum absolute number of FR for white light. Successive irradiations gave cumulative effects on the output of free radicals in both directions: increase by the action of white light and decrease by the action of red and far-red light. The contact of irradiated seeds with steam decreased the amount of FR.     

Rôle de L'éthylène dans L'Accumulation de Capsidiol et la Sensibilité a Phytophthora capsici chez le Piment Traite par un Eliciteur

Role of ethylene in both the synthesis of capsidiol and the susceptibility to Phytophthora capsici of pepper treated with an elicitor With inoculated plants, there is a strong increase of ethylene, specially with Phyo 636. But, with plants inoculated and treated with G5 15 the quantities of ethylene are less important than with those ones inoculated and untreated with G5 15. After contamination (and only in this case), there is capsidiol synthesis as well wit h treated plants as with untreated ones, and the quantities are not significantly different. Generally, the level of induced resistance is higher wit h Phyo 636 (genetically resistant) than with Yolo Wonder (genetically susceptible). The adjunction of ethylene precursor (ACC) to G5 15 elicitor increases induced resistance with Yolo Wonder but decreases with Phyo 636: the inverse effect is observed when using ethylene inhibitor (AVG). It is suggested that, in the interaction Pepper—Phytophthora capsia, neither ethylene production nor capsidiol synthesis can be considered as biochemical tracers of induced resistance.