性决定、性分化与性比值

人类的体细胞共有 4 6条染色体 ,其中 2 2对为男女两性共有的 ,为常染色体。另一对即为性染色体 ,所谓的性染色体是与性别决定有明显而直接关系的染色体。人类性染色体决定着性别 ,而且在精卵结合的一刹那间就决定了胎儿是男还是女。男性的精原细胞经过减数分裂过程变为 4个精子 ,其中 2个 X型精子、2个 Y型精子。而女性的卵原细胞经过减数分裂过程变为 1个卵子和3个极体。所以女性只提供 1种类型卵子 (含 1个 X染色体 ) ,而男性提供两种类型的精子。若卵子与 X型精子结合 ,即形成 XX型合子 ,以后就发育为女性 ;如与 Y型精子结合 ,则发育…     

人血管内皮细胞生长因子的提取及活性测定

本文报道了一种从牛脑匀浆中提取的ECGF粗制品,在20％NBS 199培养液中含量达到350μg/ml时,具有刺激静止期HUVEC增殖能力,并可使HUVEC在体外传代培养至25代。这个结果说明ECGF是HUVEC体外分化、增殖和维持长期传代培养的关键物质,并为研究HUVEC的生物学特性和生理功能,心血管疾病和血管再生等提供了一个重要的条件。     

生殖性克隆的类型及影响核移植效率的因素

生殖性克隆（Reproductive Cloning，RC）是指通过细胞增殖而不经历两性交配产生的遗传背景完全相同个体的生殖技术，它对优良种畜的扩繁和挽救濒危动物具有极大的应用价值。本文对生殖性克隆种类及其进展作一综述，并重点对影响核移植成功率的因素进行讨论。     

引起机会性感染的常见病原体分析

机会性致病微生物在机体免疫功能正常时不能导致具有明显临床症状的感染性疾病, 但当机体微生态失调或免疫功能受损时, 可导致明显的临床感染性疾病, 甚至危及患者的生命。现代医疗技术的进步使先天性免疫功能缺陷者、肿瘤患者等免疫功能降低者生存期延长, 滥用抗生素致使正常微生态失调, 以及大量耐药变异菌株出现等诸多因素使得临床机会性感染逐渐增多。机会性感染多发生于免疫功能降低者, 可为耐药菌或多重耐药菌感染, 或为正常菌群致病; 临床表现复杂且不典型, 给治疗带来极大困难。了解常见机会性感染病原体及其特点对及时诊断和治疗机会性感染具有重要的临床意义。     

红斑性肢痛症相关痘病毒血清免疫学特征的研究

本文从四个方面综合报道了红斑性肢痛症相关痘病毒(ERPV)血清免疫学特征的研究结果。血清学鉴定表明,ERPV为正痘病毒属内成员,但与正痘病毒属内成员痘苗病毒和鼠痘病毒具有中和抗原表位差异。流行性红斑性肢痛症患者血清中含有抗ERPV的中和抗体和抗ERPVA型包涵体IgG抗体,其检出率明显高于当地未发病者和美国人群的检出率。     

木蠹蛾性信息素研究的进展

综述了木蠹蛾性信息素研究及在综合防治措施中应用的最新进展,重点评述了木蠹蛾性信息素的结构鉴定与化学结构。至今有4种木蠹蛾的性信息素被鉴定,另外还筛选出2种木蠹蛾的性诱剂。在我国,对木蠹蛾的防治,应采取化学防治、生物防治及使用人工合成性信息素或性诱剂诱捕法和迷向法综合防治措施。     

对“小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬作用的观察实验”的拓展探索

以"小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬作用的观察实验"为例,从发现疑问、确定拓展方向、设计拓展方案等方面拓展传统验证性实验项目,使其一般验证性实验具有了综合性和设计性的作用,让学生体会到在小实验中发现大问题的乐趣,进一步激发学生参与实验的积极性。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism