微管解聚对生长因子在DNA合成中的作用

本实验探讨了生长因子和胞质微管在刺激G_0期C3H/10 T1/2细胞进入S期合成DNA中的作用及其相互关系。结果表明,PPP(pla- telet-poor plasma)不具有刺激DNA合成的能力,浓度在30ng/ml以上的EGF仅能刺激部分G_0期细胞进入S期,而50ng/ml EGF与5%PPP共同作用时,则表现出它们间具有较强的协同剌激作用,其刺激DNA合成的效果基本上达到与10%血清相同。Taxol可抑制微管的解聚,G_0期细胞经其处理后,使微管处于稳定状态时能明显抑制血清或EGF+PPP对细胞合成DNA的刺激作用。这种抑制作用在G_0期细胞进入S期的早期阶段即表现出来,说明只有生长因子的刺激作用而无微管的解聚,细胞便不能从G_0期进入S期。G_0期细胞经秋水仙酰胺处理使微管解聚后,则能提高血清或EGF+PPP对DNA合成的刺激作用。同样地,这种刺激作用也在G_0期细胞进入S期的早期阶段即表现出来。但秋水仙酰胺单独处理G_0期细胞,虽使微管处于解聚状态,若无生长因子存在,则无刺激作用,G_0期细胞便不能进入S期。因此,生长因子之间的协同刺激作用和微管的解聚是G_0期C3H/10 T1/2细胞进入S期进行DNA合成的两个必要条件。     

FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTRACELLUALR SYNTHESIS OF KYNURENINE

Near the time of pupation, autofluorescent kynurenine globules appear in the cells in the anterior region of the fatbody of Drosophila melanogaster. It has been reported previously that kynurenine synthesis may be induced in an additional group of fat cells by feeding the precursor tryptophan to Drosophila larvae, and that this induction of kynurenine production viewed within the fat cells is correlated with an increase in tryptophan pyrrolase activity. In the present report, conditions are outlined which result in the appearance of kynurenine in all of the fat cells. The number of cells in the fatbody which contain kynurenine is influenced by the quantity of tryptophan included in the diet, as well as by the developmental stage at the time of treatment and the duration of the feeding period on the inducer. Physical barriers modifying permeability, such as the membranous layer noted surrounding the fatbody, may be a factor in the regulation of the time and nature of the cellular induction of kynurenine synthesis. Another factor to be considered is the possibility of interference with the availability of tryptophan as a substrate or inducer for this synthesis within the cell. It is suggested that the occurrence of pteridines in some of the fat cells may modify the response of these cells to produce kynurenine, since pteridines as electron acceptors can complex with tryptophan as an electron donor. Kynurenine may be produced in the fat cells under in vitro conditions when they are incubated with L-tryptophan, but kynurenine is not formed when fat cells are incubated with D-tryptophan. The in vitro studies further demonstrate that induction of kynurenine synthesis may occur in fat cells isolated from young larvae in contrast, to in vivo conditions in which inducer does not effect an earlier appearance of kynurenine in the larval fatbody.     

抗癌药物紫杉醇的全合成—Holton合成紫杉醇路线的剖析

从全合成战略与路线,关键反应,保护基应用和立体化学方面对Holton的线性全合成紫杉醇路线进行剖析归纳。     

固定化嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌合成低聚半乳糖

利用海藻酸钙、明胶和壳聚糖为固定化载体包埋嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌细胞合成低聚半乳糖 (GOS)。通过比较三种方法的酶活力回收、最适反应条件、GOS的得率和和载体机械强度 ,选择明胶作为固定化细胞的载体。反应体系的温度、pH、乳糖浓度、乳糖的转化率和载体的传质阻力对GOS合成有明显影响。在CSTR反应器中水解 60 %乳糖 ,GOS最大得率为31 2 % ,经过 96h( 8批反应 ) ,产物得率为原来的 88%。在空速 0 0 9h- 1条件下 ,利用填充床反应器连续水解乳糖 ,GOS的得率和反应器生产能力分别为 31 5%和 1 7 4g (L·h) ,连续反应1 40h,GOS得率下降 2 0 %。产物经过活性炭柱层柱分离纯化 ,通过13C NMR鉴定四糖的化学结构为 β D Gal ( 1→ 3) D Gal ( 1→ 6) D G ( 1→ 4) D Glu。     

STIMULATION OF BRAIN DOPAMINE SYNTHESIS BY GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE

Abstract— Gamma-hydroxybutyrate administration produces a marked selective increase of brain dopamine in different animal species. Following γ -hydroxybutyrate administration, dopamine accumulated in the basal ganglia of the rat and in the caudate nucleus of the rabbit at a rate which greatly exceeded the normal synthesis rate of the amine in these species. Dopamine accumulation was prevented by α -methyltyrosine. These data indicate that γ -hydroxybutyrate stimulates dopamine synthesis. In addition, γ -hydroxybutyrate increased the homovanillic acid level in the rat basal ganglia to a maximum of about 300 per cent of the normal level indicating that γ -hydroxybutyrate inhibits neither monoamine oxidase nor catechol O -methyltransferase in vivo. The possible mechanisms of dopamine accumulation following γ -hydroxybutyrate administration are discussed.