Identification of single-nucleotide polymorphism in the progesterone receptor gene and its association with reproductive traits in rabbits

A total of 598 F₂ does from a cross between the high and low lines selected divergently for uterine capacity during 10 generations were used in a candidate gene analysis. The presence of major genes affecting the number of implanted embryos and uterine capacity has been suggested in lines divergently selected for uterine capacity. Uterine capacity is a main component of litter size. The progesterone receptor gene was tested as a candidate gene to determine whether polymorphisms explain differences in litter size and its components. Fragments of the promoter region and exons 1–8 were amplified and sequenced. One SNP was found in the promoter region, 2464G>A, three SNPs in the 5′-UTR exon 1, and a silence SNP in exon 7. The first four SNPs were segregated in two haplotypes. The allele G found in the promoter region was found in 75% of the high-line parental animals and in 29% of the low-line parental animals. The GG genotype had 0.5 kits and 0.5 implanted embryos more than the AA genotype. At 48 hr of gestation, the difference in early embryo survival and embryonic stage of development was small. However, at 72 hr of gestation, the GG genotype had 0.36 embryos more than the AA genotype and also had a more advanced embryonic stage of development, showing a lower percentage of compacted morulae and a higher percentage of blastocysts. The difference in litter size between the GG and GA genotypes was similar to the difference found between homozygote genotypes; however, differences in implanted embryos, early embryo survival, and embryo development were not detected between the GG and GA genotypes.     

Polymorphisms of p53 codon 72 and MDM2 promoter 309 and the risk of endometrial cancer

Genetic polymorphisms of p53 and its negative regulator murine double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) have been shown to be closely associated with tumorigenesis in a variety of human cancers. In the present study, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at p53 codon 72 and MDM2 promoter 309 was examined for germline DNA samples from 102 endometrial cancer cases and 95 controls using polymerase chain reaction-based fragment analysis. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele prevalence between control subjects and endometrial cancer patients for p53 codon 72. The GG genotype frequency of MDM2-SNP309 was statistically higher in endometrial cancer patients than that in normal healthy women when compared with the TG genotype ( P = 0.0088). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the TT and TG or GG genotype frequencies and allele prevalence. Interestingly, the combination of the homozygous Arg/Arg genotype of p53 codon 72 and homozygous GG genotype of MDM2 SNP309 polymorphisms was significantly associated with the risk of endometrial cancer (odds ratio = 3.28, 95% confidence interval = 1.13 to 9.53, P = 0.0212). The homozygous variants of wild p53 codon 72 and mutant MDM2 promoter 309 may cooperatively increase the risk of endometrial cancer in a Japanese population.     

Distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-10 gene in patients with mucoviscidosis

Distribution of interleukin-10 promoter-1082 G-->A single nucleotide polimorphism (SNP) in the group of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has been studied. As a whole 42 CF patients and 73 persons of the control group were genotyped for IL-10 promoter-1082 G-->A SNP. The frequences of IL-10-1082 G-allele and GG high expression genotype increased significantly in CF patients in comparison to the control group. In addition, study of IL-10-1082 SNP distribution in the separate CF groups showed statistically significant increasing of the G-allele and GG-genotype frequencies in the subgroup of homozygous delF508 cariers. The possible role of IL-10 promoter SNP as a phenotype modifiers at different CF genotypes is examined.     

Bisoprolol responses (PK/PD) in hypertensive patients: A cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 targeted polymorphism study

BackgroundBisoprolol is an effective β1-adrenergic blocker, an inter-individual genetic variability was recorded in its response. This study aimed at investigating the association of CYP2D6*2A (rs1080985) and CYP2D6*10 (rs1065852) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with Bisoprolol response in cardiac patients attending King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Patients and methodsIn the study, 107 patients were enrolled. Five mL of venous blood was collected from each patient and genotyping for CYP2D6*2A and CYP2D6*10 using Vivid® CYP2D6 Green Screening Kit (Life Technologies, USA). Response to Bisoprolol was evaluated through assessment of diastolic and systolic blood pressure and by measuring Bisoprolol plasma level using triple quad mass spectrometer (TQ-MS).ResultsAll patients were found to carry homozygous wild type CYP2D6*10 (GG) and none were carrying heterozygous (GA) or mutant homozygous (AA) genotype. CYP2D6*2A allele was detected in the homozygous wild type (GG) in 70 out of 107 patients, the heterozygous (GC) in 19 patients, and the homozygous mutant (CC) in 18 patients with minor allele frequency (MAF) of 25.7%. The plasma concentrations of Bisoprolol in CC carriers were significantly lower than those in GG & CC carriers by 25%, and 51%; respectively. Higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also observed in CC carriers than GG and CC carriers.ConclusionThere is a possible association of CYP2D6*2A genotype with plasma concentration of bisoprolol. This could provide a helpful tool to choose the optimum dose for bisoprolol, depending on the patient’s genotyping, in order to increase effectiveness and ameliorate its toxicity.     

Nitric oxide induces apoptosis in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (HuT-78) by downregulating constitutive NF-κB

Constitutive active NF-κB have been shown to protect cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) cells from apoptosis. In the present study, we have studied the cytotoxic potential of nitric oxide generating compound, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on CTCL cell line, HuT-78. Treatment of cells with SNP resulted in decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3 and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase cleavage. SNP treatment inhibited activation of NF-κB in a concentration dependent manner. SNP increased the expression of IκBα without affecting the phosphorylation of IκBα. Downregulation of NF-κB by SNP decreased p65 nuclear translocation as evident by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Further it was found that SNP treatment caused downregulation of Bcl-2 family member (Bcl-xl) in HuT-78 cells. Thus, we have provided evidence that SNP induces apoptosis in CTCL cell line, HuT-78 by downregulating constitutive NF-κB and thereby Bcl-xl expression.     

Interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms and the outcome of hepatitis C virus infection

The natural outcome and response to treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection varies between individuals. Whereas some variation may be attributable to viral and environmental variables, it is probable that host genetic background also plays a significant role. Interleukin (IL)-10 has a key function in the regulation of cellular immune responses and in the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Functional polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene have been described. We investigated the role of these polymorphisms in the outcome of HCV infection, treatment response and development of fibrosis in a case-control association study. Self-limiting infection was associated with the IL-10 (–592) AA genotype (OR=2.05; P=0.028). Persistent infection was associated with the IL-10 (–1082) GG genotype (OR=0.48; P=0.018). Sustained response to interferon therapy was associated with the IL-10 (–1082) GG genotype (OR=2.28; P=0.005) and the haplotype GCC (OR=2.27; P=0.020). The IL-10 (–1082) AA genotype and the ATA/ATA and ACC/ACC homozygous haplotypes were more frequent among patients with rapid fibrosis. Furthermore, the microsatellites IL-10.R and IL-10.G were associated with interferon response with IL-10R.2 conveying susceptibility (OR=1.80; P=0.034), and IL-10R.3 and IL-10.G13 being protective (OR=0.47; P=0.003 and OR=0.59; P=0.042, respectively). We conclude that polymorphisms in the IL-10 promoter appear to have some influence on the outcome of HCV infection, treatment and development of fibrosis.Susanne Knapp and Branwen Hennig contributed equally to this study     

已建株鼻咽癌细胞的PLUNC基因启动子区序列多态性分析

目的检测人类标准鼻咽癌细胞中是否存在已知的PLUNC基因启动子-437bp-＋87bp区域的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。以便进一步探索SNP与鼻咽癌的关系。方法采用PCR产物直接测序的方法,对7株体外培养的鼻咽癌细胞基因组DNA的PLUNC基因启动子区进行序列分析。结果发现7株PLUNC基因的启动子区皆存在已知的3个SNP位点（1888、2128和N2）和未知一个突变位点（N1）,其测观杂合度分别为85．7％、100％、100％和28．6％。其中3个已知SNP位点在筛查的细胞株中均存在T-C的突变,而且SUNE-1鼻咽癌细胞株的1888位点基因型为突变纯合子CC型。结论体外培养的标准鼻咽癌细胞株中存在已知的3个SNP位点（1888、2128和N2）的突变现象,且突变率为100％;1888位点鼻咽癌易患型（CC型）已在体外稳定建株;首次发现启动子-195bp区域N1突变位点。     

Nitric oxide induces apoptosis in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (HuT-78) by downregulating constitutive NF-kappaB

Constitutive active NF-kappaB have been shown to protect cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) cells from apoptosis. In the present study, we have studied the cytotoxic potential of nitric oxide generating compound, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on CTCL cell line, HuT-78. Treatment of cells with SNP resulted in decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3 and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase cleavage. SNP treatment inhibited activation of NF-kappaB in a concentration dependent manner. SNP increased the expression of IkappaBalpha without affecting the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha. Downregulation of NF-kappaB by SNP decreased p65 nuclear translocation as evident by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Further it was found that SNP treatment caused downregulation of Bcl-2 family member (Bcl-xl) in HuT-78 cells. Thus, we have provided evidence that SNP induces apoptosis in CTCL cell line, HuT-78 by downregulating constitutive NF-kappaB and thereby Bcl-xl expression.     

Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor and effects of genotypes on superovulatory response traits

In dairy cows, there is evidence that failure to respond to superovulation protocols is a heritable trait. In women, genotyping for the p.N680S single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene may help identify poor responders before ovarian stimulation is initiated. Our objectives were to identify SNPs in the coding region of the bovine FSHR gene and to investigate the effect of FSHR genotypes on superovulatory response in Holstein cattle. Sequencing of FSHR exons 1–10 revealed seven SNPs. Three were non‐synonymous mutations (c.337C>G, c.871A>G and c.1973C>G). SNP c.337C>G encodes for a proline‐to‐alanine (p.Pro113Ala) amino acid replacement in the extracellular ligand‐binding domain of the receptor. PCR‐RFLP analyses showed that homozygous GG Holstein cows present a higher percentage of viable embryos, whereas GG and CG animals have less unfertilised oocytes. SNP c.871A>G results in an isoleucine‐to‐valine (p.Ile291Val) modification, and homozygous AA animals present lower embryo yield after superovulatory treatments. SNP c.1973C>G corresponds to a threonine‐to‐serine (p.The658Ser) modification in the intracellular carboxyl‐terminal domain of the FSHR protein, and homozygous GG Holstein cows were associated with a lower embryo yield and a higher percentage of unfertilised oocytes. Our results suggest that specific alleles of the bovine FSHR gene are associated with variations in embryo yield and in the number of unfertilised oocytes.