美味猕猴桃一新变种

<正> 彩色猕猴桃 新变种 图版1 Actinidia deliciosa (Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson var. coloris T. H. Lin et X. Y. Xiong, var. nov. A var. deliciosa pilis duris ramorum auctis nimis atrorobris, fructibus ovoideis 2.5—3 cm in diametro minoribus generatim, partibus carpellorum ad columnas sanquineis differt.     

伞花猕猴桃的分类学修订

在查阅猕猴桃属植物标本时,发现了伞花猕猴桃(Actinidia umbelloides C.F.Liang)的新分布点,分布地点位于西藏和云南,补充了其花部特征的描述,并将扇叶猕猴桃(Actinidia umbelloides C.F.Liang var.flabellifolia C.F.Liang)作为伞花猕猴桃的异名处理。     

硬毛猕猴桃（猕猴桃科）名称后选模式的指定

根据对保存于中国科学院植物研究所植物标本馆（PE）合模式标本的研究,对硬毛猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. hispida C. F. Liang)的名称作后选模式指定。     

伞花猕猴桃的分类学修订

在查阅猕猴桃属植物标本时,发现了伞花猕猴桃(Actinidia umbelloidesC.F.Liang)的新分布点,分布地点位于西藏和云南,补充了其花部特征的描述,并将扇叶猕猴桃(Actinidia umbelloidesC.F.Liang var.flabellifoliaC.F.Liang)作为伞花猕猴桃的异名处理。     

江西猕猴桃属(Actinidia)植物的分布及其区系特征

通过野外调查和查阅大量标本、文献,对江西猕猴桃属植物的分布和区系特征进行了系统研究。江西省境内分布有猕猴桃属植物20种和11变种(或变型),其中葛枣猕猴桃(Actinidia polygama (Sieb．et Zucc．)Maxim．)、灰毛猕猴桃(A．cinerascens C．F．Liang)、楔叶猕猴桃(A.fasciculoides var. cuneata C.F.Lang)和簇花猕猴桃(A．fasciculoides C．F．Liang)为江西新分布。江西猕猴桃属植物区系特征表现在：(1)种类丰富;(2)特有现象较明显;(3)多型性突出;(4)地理成分复杂,以中国特有分布式样为主;(5)种间、种内分化较强烈;(6)与邻近地区猕猴桃属植物的关系密切。还对江西猕猴桃属植物的分布与自然生境的关系进行了探讨。     

广西黄皮属一新变种

<正> 弄岗黄皮 新变种 CLausena yunnanensis Huang var.longgangensis C.F.Liang et Y. X. Lu, var. nov. A typo differt ramulis,rhachibus,petiolulis,pedunculis et pedicellis fructificantibus dense pubescentibus,foliolis subtus apprime ad costas dense barbatis.     

江西猕猴桃属(Actinidia)植物的分布及其区系特征

通过野外调查和查阅大量标本、文献,对江西猕猴桃属植物的分布和区系特征进行了系统研究。江西省境内分布有猕猴桃属植物20种和11变种(或变型),其中葛枣猕猴桃(Actinidia polygama(Sieb.etZucc.)Maxim.)、灰毛猕猴桃(A.cinerascensC.F.Liang)、楔叶猕猴桃(A.fasciculoides var.cuneataC.F.Liang)和簇花猕猴桃(A.fasciculoidesC.F.Liang)为江西新分布。江西猕猴桃属植物区系特征表现在:(1)种类丰富;(2)特有现象较明显;(3)多型性突出;(4)地理成分复杂,以中国特有分布式样为主;(5)种间、种内分化较强烈;(6)与邻近地区猕猴桃属植物的关系密切。还对江西猕猴桃属植物的分布与自然生境的关系进行了探讨。     

山东花楸属一新变种

本文发表了山东产花楸属一新变种棱果花楸Sorbus alnifolia (Sieb.et Zucc.)K.Koch.var.angulata S.B.Liang及柳属泰山柳Salix taishanensis C.Wang et C.F.Fang雄株补遗。     

中华猕猴桃硬毛变种学名订正

<正> 我们最近仔细研读了法国学者A.Chevalier在1940年和1941年连续发表的两篇文章,确认他在头篇文章中描述的Aetinidia latifolia Merr. var. deliciosa A. Chev. 和第二篇文章中改为Actinidia chinensis Planch.var. deliciosa A. Chev.的植物与梁畴芬1975年发表的Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. hispida C. F. Liang为同一植物。根据国际植物命名法规优先律,应承认A.Chevalier发表的名称为正名。 我们又研究了这一种植物与Actinidia chinensis Planch.相区别的特征,认为这种猕猴桃应被视为一个独立的物种。现特把它和它的两个变型作出如下的学名订正处理。     

重楼属的四个新异名

将小重楼Paris polyphylla Smith var．minora S．F．Wang、长药隔重楼P.polyhylla Smith var．pseudothibetica H．Li处理为金线重楼P.delavayi Franch．的异名;将广东重楼P.polyphylla Smith var．kwantungensis（R．H．Miau）S．C．Chen＆S．Y.Liang处理为多叶重楼P.polyphylla Smith的异名;将文县重楼P.wenxianensis Z．X．Peng＆R．N．Zhao处理为黑籽重楼P.thibetica Franch．的异名。     

毛花猕猴桃蛋白酶的提纯和性质

用硫酸铵盐析,磷酸盐除果胶和两次ＤＥＡＥ纤维素柱层析等方法,从毛花猕猴桃（ＡｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｅｒｉａｎｔｈａＢｅｎｔｈ．）无细胞提取液中提纯蛋白酶,在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上呈现一条带,纯酶的活力为３２５Ｕ／ｍｇ,比活力提高８９倍,总收率约为３７％。用ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定分子量为２３ｋＤ,用等电聚焦电泳测定等电点为４８。酶的最适ｐＨ为３８,最适温度为４３℃左右。纯酶制剂对其底物牛血红蛋白的Ｋｍ值为５５６×１０－３ｍｍｏｌ。酶的紫外吸收光谱最大值为２７８ｎｍ。二巯基苏糖醇、巯基乙醇、Ｌ半胱氨酸盐酸盐等还原剂对该酶有明显的激活作用,而碘乙酸、对氯汞苯甲酸对其有抑制作用,这表明该酶属于巯基酶类。     

对萼猕猴桃一新变种

<正> 长柄对萼猕猴桃 新变种 Actinidia valvata Dunn var.longipedicellata L.L.Yu,var.nov. A vsr.valvata recedit pedicellis longioris 3.5—4cm longis,floribus majori-bus petalis 2 cm longis. 与原变种相异特征是花柄较长,长达3.5—4厘米;花较大,花瓣长达2厘米。 Zhejiang(浙江):Ningbo(宁波),L.L.Yu 8163(Type！IBK)。     

广西猕猴桃三个新变种

报道了广西猕猴桃属植物的三个新变种。     

Plantlet Regeneration from Leaf Protoplasts in Seedling of Actinidia eriantha Benth.

Newly extended leaves of in vitro seedling of Actinidia eriantha Benth. were used for protoplast isolation. Protoplasts were cultured in liquid MS medium (devoid of NH4NO3) supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2, 4-D and 0.4 mol/L glucose. The plating efficiency after 3 weeks of culture was about 19.4 %. Protoplasts-derived cells divided sustainably and developed into calli of 2 mm in size in the original protoplast-culture-medium without adding fresh medium so to decrease the osmotic pressure. These calli regenerated shoots when being transfered to MS medium with 0. 5 mg/L zeatin and 0. 1 mg/L IAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted by immersion in 20 ppm IBA solution before culturing on half-strength MS medium devoid of growth regulators.     

毛花猕猴桃原生质体再生植株

从毛花猕猴桃（Ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａ ｅｒｉａｎｔｈａ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．）试管培养的实生苗新展开叶片分离的原生质体,培养在液体ＭＳ（除去ＮＨ４ＮＯ３）附加２,４－Ｄ １．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和葡萄糖０．４ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ的培养基上。培养３周后植板率达到１９．４％ 。在未添加新鲜培养基的情况下,原生质体再生的细胞可持续分裂,并于３个月时长成２ ｍ ｍ 大小的愈伤组织。将该愈伤组织转移到附加玉米素０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和ＩＡＡ ０．１ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ的固体ＭＳ培养基上,分化出苗。试管苗经诱导生根,长成完整小植株     

中华猕猴桃若干株系的染色体数目

报道了中华猕猴桃１０个株系的染色体数目。所有株系均为２ｎ＝１１６,为四倍体。植物体被软毛,平均果重７１￣１００ｇ,果实开头圆形、椭圆形、扁圆形或圆锥形。原产地海拔５６０￣１０３５ｍ。     

Embryology and Embryo Rescue of an Interspecific Cross Between Actinidia deliciosa cv. Haywardand A. eriantha

The study deals with an investigation of embryo and endosperm development in seeds of interspecific hybridization betwwn Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward (6X) and A. eriantha (2X) and an attempt to hybrid embryo rescure. The average seed number per fruit of hybrid com suitable culture media for in vitro embryo growth and subsequent growth of the seedlings are tested for hybrid embryos from normal and abortive seeds. The highest percentage of seed germination and the best growth of early seedlings are obtained op. MS medium supplemented with 0.5 ppm of IAA and 0.5 ppm of GA3; MS supplemented with 2 ppm of 2ip, 0.5 ppm of IAA and 0.5 ppm of GA3; MS supplemented with of 2ip and 0.5 ppm of GA3. When these embryos, as seedlings, were transferred onto MS supplemented with 0.5 ppm of GA3 and then MS without growth regulators, they readily develop into seedlings with normal leaves and roots, A lot of adventitious buds produced from hypocotyl of some normal and abortive embryos on MS supplemented with 2 ppm of BAP and Ms+ 0.5 ppm IAA+0.5 ppm GA3 further grow into hybrid plantlets. Although various percentage of embryos developed from abortive seeds also germinate, but when inoculated onto media as mentioned in Table l, a number of malformed seedlings form subsequently. The remaining embryos on all the media, however, show limited growth, and eventually either form callus or die. The nature of hybrid seedling is confirmed by cytological test. Half of them showed chromosome number as 4X=116 approx., the rest may have 19, 27, 30, 46, 120, 131, ect. In conclusion, according to embryological and cytological observation on hybrid seeds and seedlings: (I) the cross between Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward and A. eriantha appears interspecific incompatibility and compatibility to some extent, (2) normal hybrid seedlings are produced by normal hybrid embryos from normal seeds and abnormal embryos from abortive seeds, and (3) both may induce initiation of adventitious buds from hypocotyl. We suggested that these results may be useful for plant breeding program.     

猕猴桃属美味猕猴桃和毛花猕猴桃种间杂交的胚胎学和胚援救

本文报道美味猕猴桃(Actintdia delictosa cv.Hayward)(6x)和毛花猕猴桃(A.eria-ntha)(2x)杂交当代种子的胚胎学分析和胚援救的结果:1.根据杂交种子外部形态和胚胎发育程度,区分为正常的和败育的两类,其比率接近1:1。正常种子的胚发育分化正常,且含有适量胚乳。败育种子中,除少数不含胚和胚乳外,绝大多数种子的胚发育终止于球形、心形和早子叶阶段,胚体畸形。胚乳处于消失或完全解体。2.在被试8组培养基中,最适合胚萌发和生长的是:MS+IAA0.5ppm+GA_30.5ppm,MS+2ip2ppm+IAA0.5ppm+GA_30.5ppm和 MS+2ip2ppm+GA_30.5ppm。适于实生苗生长的培养基为 MS+GA_30.5ppm 和 MS 培养基。在 MS+BAP2ppm 和 MS+IAA0.5ppm+GA_30.5ppm 培养基上,一些正常种子和少数不正常种子胚的下胚轴直接形成了许多不定芽,从而诱导产生了更多的杂种植株。但是在MS十BAP2ppm+GA_30.5ppm,MS+BAP2ppm+IAA0.5ppm 和 MS+2ip2ppm+GA_30.5ppm培养基上,虽然胚产生了愈伤组织,但都未分化出器官。杂种实生苗根尖细胞近半数的含有近4倍性染色体数(4x=116),约半数为其他倍性。     

中华猕猴桃和毛花猕猴桃果实碳水化合物及维生素Ｃ的动态变化研究

分别对中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis）黄肉品种‘金桃’和毛花猕猴桃（Actinidia eriantha）品系‘6113’果实生长发育过程中碳水化合物及维生素C的动态变化进行了系统研究。结果表明,中华猕猴桃‘金桃’和毛花猕猴桃‘6113’果实的可溶性固形物（SSC）含量均于谢花后146d内保持相对平稳,而后开始上升;此时,两物种果实的淀粉含量均上升到最大值,之后两者均开始下降。两者糖含量的变化与SSC相似,且中华猕猴桃‘金桃’果实糖含量进入快速增长期的时间比毛花猕猴桃‘6113’早1个月。两者果实Vc含量的变化趋势相似,均于7月上中旬达到一个高峰,以后随着果实的生长发育,含量下降,‘金桃’于8月14日降至最低值,‘6113’于9月13日降至最低值;两者的Vc含量降到最低值后均缓慢上升,到果实完全成熟期（树上自然软熟期）回升到第二个峰值。‘6113’果实的Vc含量在完全成熟期的峰值远远高于7月上旬的高峰值。对‘金桃’和‘6113’果实碳水化合物及Vc含量方差分析表明,两者的可溶性固形物、淀粉和总糖没有明显差异,而毛花猕猴桃‘6113’的Vc含量显著高于中华猕猴桃‘金桃’。