体外模拟人体细胞癌变的进展

癌症的发生是一个多基因决定和多阶段演进的过程 ,首先是某些基因发生突变并不断积累 ,引起细胞分化生长失控。然而这些突变必须克服机体设置的细胞增殖障碍、应激产生的染色体基因修补机制以及多种抑癌基因的作用。在染色体受到损伤时 ,这些抑癌因子会激活表达 ,调控基因转录以抑制肿瘤生长 ,所以只有当排除了抑癌因子的多重作用后 ,一个正常细胞才能逐渐突破防线而转化成为一个肿瘤细胞[1] 。经过多年研究 ,科学家虽已搞清了主导肿瘤转化的相关基因及其在转化过程中所起的作用 ,但能否根据这些已经了解的细胞转化机制 ,在体外模拟肿瘤的发…     

纳豆激酶粗提液的体外溶栓抑菌实验

目的探讨纳豆激酶粗提液的体外溶栓、抑菌作用.方法以大豆为培养基,米曲霉为菌种,发酵制得成熟纳豆,用不同饱和度(NH4)2SO4对粗提液进行盐析,所得沉淀溶于生理盐水中,用纤维蛋白平板法测定其活性,确定提取纳豆激酶的分级沉淀范围.用体外溶栓法测纳豆激酶粗提液的体外溶栓作用.用平板打孔法及纸片扩散法测不同浓度纳豆抑菌物质的体外抑大肠杆菌作用.结果纳豆激酶的(NH4)2SO4分级沉淀范围选择在60%.纳豆激酶粗提液对血块的溶解作用较同样活力大小的尿激酶强.纳豆抑菌物质粗提液对大肠杆菌都具有一定的体外抑制作用,当浓度大于50%,抑菌圈直径随着浓度的增高而增大.结论纳豆激酶粗提液具有较好的体外溶栓作用,并对大肠杆菌具有一定的抑制作用.     

家猫的胚胎工程

家猫是惟一一种没有被列为珍稀或濒危的猫科动物。通过家猫的胚胎工程研究,对保护其它濒危猫科物种有重要的借鉴意义。本文描述了家猫的一般生殖特点,着床前的胚胎在体内的发育概况;综述了近年来对家猫的超数排卵,卵母细胞的体外成熟,体外受精,胚胎的体外培养,胚胎移植,冷冻保存和胚胎克隆等方面的研究进展。     

山羊体外受精的研究

通过在山羊卵母细胞体外成熟培养液中添加不同的血清和不同浓度的卵泡液 ,在体外成熟培养液中培养不同的时间 ,以及采用不同的精子获能方法来摸索效率较高的体外受精方法体系。在山羊卵母细胞体外成熟培养液中添加FCS、EGS及不同浓度的卵泡液 ,成熟培养时间分别为 16、2 0、2 4和 2 7h ,山羊新鲜精液用钙离子载体法和肝素法进行获能处理后用于体外受精 ,比较其体外成熟率和体外受精率。添加FCS、EGS和 2 0 %卵泡液组的成熟率无显著差异 ,显著高于添加 10 %和 3 0 %卵泡液组的成熟率 ;但添加FCS和EGS组的受精率显著高于添加10 %、2 0 %、3 0 %卵泡液组的受精率。培养 2 4h组和 2 7h组的成熟率显著高于另外两组 ,而培养 2 7h组的受精率显著高于其余各组。用钙离子载体法处理的山羊精子的顶体反应率和体外受精率显著高于肝素法。EGS可以代替FCS添加于成熟培养液中 ,对COCs的成熟率和受精率没有明显的影响 ,但卵泡液不能完全代替FCS的作用。培养时间为 2 7h ,精子用钙离子载体法处理获能后能得到较高的体外受精率     

体外进化方法的原理与应用

体外进化方法的原理与应用王琛金由辛（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所分子生物学国家重点实验室,上海２０００３１）关键词体外进化方法在核酸研究早期,ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ的信息贮存和传递功能备受关注,而对它们的高级结构所发挥的生物功能却鲜有问津。Ｒｉ－ｂｏｚｙｍｅ...     

体外培养的小鼠骨髓肥大细胞的初步研究

肥大细胞是一种广泛存在于哺乳类动物体内的细胞。它分布于机体各个系统而非局限于某个组织,同时胞浆中又含有可合成、贮存和释放多种活性介质的颗粒,因而在功能上具有相当的重要性。肥大细胞在变态反应、寄生虫感染等过程中的作用已得到了较充分的认识。近10年来肥大细胞的研究更取得了显著的     

卵泡内环境对猪卵泡卵体外成熟和发育的影响

研究卵泡内环境对猪卵母细胞体外成熟、受精及受精卵体外发育的影响。主要结果如下：直径≥5mm、4－4.9mm、3－3.9mm和2－2.9mm的卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟率分别为90.5%、89.7%、85.4%和67.4%,体外受精后,卵母细胞的发育能力随卵泡直径的增大而增强,直径≥5mm和4－4.9mm卵泡卵的2－细胞、3－4－细胞发育率显著高于直径2－2.9mm的卵泡卵（P＜0.05或0.01）。体外成熟培养36h、42h和48h,直径2－2.9mm卵泡卵的体外成熟率,体外受精后的卵裂率差异不显著（P＞0.05）。在体外成熟培养液中添加5％或15％的不同直径卵泡的卵泡液,各组间卵母细胞的体外成熟率,受精卵的体外发育率均无显著差异,结果表明：卵泡大小对猪卵母细胞体外成熟、受精及受精卵体外发育有重要影响。     

体外诱发抗体生成过程中淋巴细胞的变化

An in vitro system for induction of antibody responses of human cells has been established in our lab. B cell enriched fractions from excised human tonsils or trauma spleen were cultured for 7-14 days with tetanus toxoid or HBsAg vaccine with or without human T cell conditioned medium (C. M.) or a mixture of low concentrations of PWM and LPS (MTG). Positive antibody responses could be detected in cultures. Cells taken from different culture periods were subjected to FACS analysis in order to expound cellular changes during antibody induction periods so as to improve the in vitro antibody induction system. The results were described as follows: 1. Variations in total percentages of T cells during culturing periods seemed to be related its initial percentages. Cells with bigger initial percentages tended to decrease first and finally maintained at about 30%. While cells with smaller initial percentages tended to increase and finally also maintained at 30%. 2. CD4+ Th cells and CD8+ Ts cells from tonsils and spleen behaved somewhat differently. In tonsil cell cultures the percentages of CD4+ cells were often bigger than the percentages of CD8+ cells throughout the culture period. However, the inverted proportions of CD4+/CD8+ were shown in spleen cell cultures, especially in the culture with C. M. The possible relationships between the variations in CD4+/CD8+ proportions described as above and the intensities of antibody responses were discussed. Additionally, adding 1-Leucine-Methyl Ester showed no effects either on CD8+ or CD4+ cell percentages. 3. B cell (SIg+) percentages in both tonsil and spleen cultures were quite stable throughout the culture period, about 60% of total cells. CD19, a marker of B cell, was only present in part of the cultured SIg+ cells. The significance of the variations in CD19+, SIg+ cells was unclear. CD5+ B cells were known as cells secreting autoantibodies. Our results showed that these cells consistently maintained a relatively low percentage in the whole antibody induction period. 4. The reasonableness standard we used for "gating" in FACS analysis was discussed.     

鼠疟原虫动合子体外培养及其生物学活性的研究

体外形成的动合子能否感染蚊媒并继续在蚊体内发育是评价体外形成动合子发育成熟的重要指标。它关系到动合子-卵囊阶段的体外培养和整个蚊期疟原虫的培养。由于体外形成动合子的培养物中含有大量各阶段的疟原虫,对检验体外形成动合子的生物活性造成一定的困难。为此我们对约氏疟原虫动合子进行培养和分离,并检测了体外形成动合子的生物活性。     

几种中药及其有效成分对人体肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用

通过建立的抗肿瘤体外模型,对临床上有抗肿瘤作用的几种中药提取物的抗肿瘤的活性进行检测。并与其中用作标准品的化学成分的活性进行比较。结果发现所检测的中药牛蒡子、蛇床子、三七、大黄、茯苓、延胡索、川乌和黄芪等的水提物和醇提物对肿瘤细胞株均有一定的抑制作用,醇提物的活性明显高于水挺物。一部分用作标准品的化学成分也有抗肿瘤活性。这项工作为抗肿瘤活性成分的筛选建立了有效的方法和基础。     

人淋巴细胞的体外抗体诱发及其在杂交瘤中的应用

Sources of immunized lymphocytes constitute one of the main obstacles in the production of human monoclonal antibodies. We tried to get them through in vitro immunization. Cells from excised tonsils or trauma spleens were used for the induction of antibody responses in vitro. Antibodies to different antigens including sheep red blood cells, ovalbumin, tetanus toxoid, and hepatitis B surface antigens were induced in 7-14 days' cultures. Taking tetanus toxoid as antigen, we analysed the various factors required for antibody induction with statistics analysis, which included cell separation method, T cell conditioned medium, antigen dosage, serum content, and concentration of mitogen PWM and LPS. The results showed: (1) The cell separation method influenced the antibody production significantly in comparison with other factors. It signified that immune cells' combination was the most influential factor. (2) Serum also constituted quite important influencing factor especially in the later period of culture. However, it did not make much differences if it attended 10% or so. The antigens and mitogens tended to be used at low concentration. (3) Due to the significant variation among individuals and among different antigens, it is suggested to set up the culture system with some flexibility so as to adapt to the variation in cells and antigens from different sources. The present culture system we use includes nylon wall column separation of cells, suitable range of antigens (three doses instead of one), and either 10% T cell conditioned medium or a mixture of 1 microgram PWM/ ml + 0.1 microgram LPS/ml. The human B lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with tetanus toxoid were used for the construction of human hybridomas.     

奶（黄）牛卵母细胞体外受精及体外发育的研究

自屠宰场获得150头淘汰黑白花奶牛和19头黄牛的卵巢,取得优、良级卵母细胞2060枚,采用两种培养液(A.B.)和三种不同试剂(Aa、Ba、Bb),对解冻牛精子获能(capacitation)。在38.5℃和相对湿度为100％的5％CO_2箱中进行成熟、受精、发育培养至196小时,其结果表明A液所获得的效果优于B液,但差异不显著;Aa试剂获能优于Bb,差异显著。共获得桑椹胚和囊胚58枚、非手术移植10头牛16次,三头妊娠,其中二头受体在妊娠二月半月后返情,外阴流血,确认为胚胎早期死亡,一头受体妊娠产犊,于1990年4月10日产公犊1头,体长87公分、身高78公分、体重29公斤、妊娠284天,正常分娩。(移植天为0天)。     

缺失金属原子簇的钼铁蛋白体外重组的研究进展

缺失金属原子簇的钼铁蛋白体外重组的研究进展汪志平,黄巨富,李佳格（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００４４）ＴＨＥＰＲＯＧＲＥＳＳＥＳＯＦＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＲＥＣＯＮＳＴＩＴＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＭＥＴＡＬＬＯＣＬＵＳＴＥＲＳ－ＤＥＦＩＣＩＥＮＴＭＯＦＥ...     

斑马鱼卵细胞的体外成熟及成熟卵的受精发育

采用体外培养的方法,研究斑马鱼卵母细胞的成熟过程。Ⅵ时相初级卵母细胞在０．５μｇ／ｍｌ １７ａ－羟基孕酮的ＥＭ－１９９培养液中,８０％氧气,２５℃的体外培养条件下,在４０ｍｉｎ内,胚泡逐渐由卵母细胞中央至动物极边缘１／２处移到动物边缘,进入Ⅴ时相卵母细胞。３０ｍｉｎ后胚泡破裂,胚泡破裂率为５９％,此种卵母细胞继续培养２ｈ才完全成熟,成熟卵不能不滤泡膜中自然排出。冷开水中剥离其外边的滤泡膜后加入具有     

我国体外诊断行业发展现状与对策建议*

体外诊断在疾病诊疗过程中扮演着非常重要的角色,素有“医生的眼睛”之称。新冠肺炎疫情让人们对生命健康的关注程度空前提高,在此背景下,体外诊断作为大健康产业的重要一环,迎来爆发式增长。概述全球和中国体外诊断行业发展现状,重点分析市场规模、竞争格局和国产化情况,分析现阶段我国体外诊断行业遇到的问题,并从突破原始性创新、加强资金保障、构建产业链生态、加大人才培养力度等方面提出建议和对策。     

丙型肝炎病毒感染的体外培养细胞的抗原表达

建立丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）体外感染细胞模型,观察其感染细胞的HCV抗原表达,用抗HCV抗体和HCVRNA阳性及阴性血清感染MOLT-4细胞,制备细胞片进行免疫酶染色。结果显示HCV感染MOLT-4细胞4天和阴性对照HCV抗原均为阴性;感染后7天胞浆内可见HCV抗原阳性免疫反应产物;15天阳性细胞达到高峰,43天仍可见少量阳性细胞。结果表明HCV体外感染MOLT-4细胞胞浆内观察到HCV抗原表达。     

体外培养成骨细胞的影响因素

成骨细胞是骨形成和骨代谢的核心部分,成骨细胞体外培养是研究骨代谢和成骨机制的重要手段。本从物理因素,微量元素,生长因子和激素等四个方面综述了体外培养成骨细胞的影响因素,以期有助于研究有效的体外培养成骨细胞的方法应用于组织工程学的研究。