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1.
Gareth Rice Roland Clift Richard Burns 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》1997,2(1):53-59
Twelve of the main European LCA software packages currently available are examined wirh the aim of establishing which are
the most appropriate for LCAs on industrial processes. The packages performances are assessed in terms of
The review concludes with a Specification Table which summarises the facilities available on each software package.
The general conclusion from this study is that for industrially based LCAs, there are four packages which may offer advantages
over the rest. These are The Boustead Model, The Ecobilan Group’s TEAM™, PEMS 3.0 and SimaPro 3.1. 相似文献
| – | • Volume of Data |
| – | • WindowsTM environment |
| – | • Network Capabilities |
| – | • Impact Assessment |
| – | • Graphical representation of the inventory results |
| – | • Sensitivity analysis |
| – | • Units |
| – | • Cost |
| – | • User Support |
| – | • Flow Diagrams |
| – | • Burdens allocation |
| – | • Transparency of data |
| – | • Input & output parameters |
| – | • Demo version |
| – | • Quality of data |
2.
3.
3DFS is a 3D flexible searching system for lead discovery. Version 1.0 of 3DFS was published recently (Wang, T.; Zhou, J. J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 1998, 38, 71–77). Here version 1.2 represents a substantial improvement over version 1.0. There are six major changes in version 1.2 compared to version 1.0.
Besides the above, this paper supplies:
Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0089490050231 相似文献
| 1. | A new rule of aromatic ring recognition. |
| 2. | The inclusion of multiple-type atoms and chains in queries. |
| 3. | The inclusion of more spatial constraints, especially the directions of lone pairs. |
| 4. | The improvement of the query file format. |
| 5. | The addition of genetic search for flexible search. |
| 6. | An output option for generating MOLfiles of hits. |
| 1. | More query examples. |
| 2. | A comparison between genetic search and Powell optimization. |
| 3. | More detailed comparison between 3DFS and Chem-X. |
| 4. | A preliminary application of 3DFS to K+ channel opener studies. |
4.
The conclusions about the development of the content of the LC Initiative are the following:
相似文献
| – | A specific niche for the Life Cycle Initiative has developed, compared with the role of SETAC, the International Society of Industrial Ecology (ISIE) and ISO. |
| – | The aims of the initiative have step by step been extended, by bringing the initiative at a world level, by including both LCI and LCIA, and by including a program on Life Cycle Management (LCM). |
| – | In the LCM program due attention is to be given to other tools and approaches than quantitative LCA which are relevant for life-cycle thinking in general, and also to the other two dimensions of sustainability, i.e. the social and economic dimensions. |
| – | A number of important questions regarding the scope of the initiative and the methodological set-up have been in-depth discussed, thus resulting in a clear basis for the technical content of work to come. |
| – | Three definition studies will now be implemented which will define the work program for the three programs of the initiative; these studies will be finalised by the end of 2002. |
5.
| – | — Use of a 2-dimensional spectrophotometer allows the detection and analysis of spatiotemporal patterns in biological samples |
| – | — the “in vitro” system—yeast extract—behaves as an excitable medium. Oscillatory degradation of trehalose yields NADH-oscillations which, after running out, convert to spatiotemporal waves |
| – | — the observation of excitability coupled to oscillatory processes in biological systems might provide new insights into the meaning of oscillations for metabolism |
| – | — with an “in vitro” system at hand, it should be possible to perform defined experimental manipulations in order to detect the mechanism for excitability in biological systems. |
6.
Nanomedical developments range from nanoparticles for molecular diagnostics, imaging and therapy to integrated medical nanosystems,
which may perform complex repair actions at the cellular level inside the body in the future.
There are three categories where MNT are applied in biomedicine
This paper will concentrate on visions and applications for drug deliveries and medical diagnostics. 相似文献
| – | • drug discovery (genomics, proteomics, HTS) |
| – | • diagnostics |
| – | • drug deliveries |
7.
Looking at the on-going discussions, integrated product policy seems to become important for the LCA community and should
therefore be reflected in the International Journal of LCA. Reasons include that IPP:
相似文献
| – | clearly follows life cycle thinking, |
| – | encourages the usage of the life cycle tool box, e.g. for product-innovation, |
| – | could become a political umbrella for a new co-operation along the life cycle - beyond the old roles of life cycle stakeholders acting on their own, |
| – | faces similar issues as the LCA community looking e.g. at environmental value / objective setting. |
8.
Oncostatin M, a multifunctional cytokine 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
9.
Culture studies with healthy and virus-infected isolates of Ectocarpus siliculosus, Feldmannia simplex and F. irregularis gave the following results:
相似文献
| – | Virus particles are produced in deformed reproductive organs (sporangia or gametangia) of the hosts and are released into the surrounding seawater. |
| – | Their infective potential is lost after several days of storage under laboratory conditions. |
| – | New infections occur when gametes or spores of the host get in contact with virus particles. The virus genome enters all cells of the developing new plant via mitosis. |
| – | Virus expression is variable, and in many cases the viability of the host is not impaired. Infected host plants may be partly fertile and pass the infection to their daughter plants. |
| – | Meiosis of the host can eliminate the virus genome and generate healthy progeny. |
| – | The genome of the Ectocarpus virus consists of dsDNA. Meiotic segregation patterns suggest an intimate association between virus genome and host chromosomes. |
| – | An extra-generic host range has been demonstrated for the Ectocarpus virus. |
| – | Field observations suggest that virus infections in ectocarpalean algae occur on all coasts of the world, and many or all Ectocarpus and Feldmannia populations are subject to contact with virus genomes. |
10.
11.
Dr. Diethard Sanders 《Facies》2000,42(1):227-243
Summary On Kos island, Greece, along an investigated coastal segment 3 km in length, four adjacent sectors were distinguished, (1)
Empros beach, a rocky shore with plunging cliffs and a steeply dipping, submarine talus, (2) Thermi beach, a „coarse-clastic
beach” with a subaerial cliff fringed by a bouldery to coarse gravelly beach with poorly developed zonation, (3) Dimitra beach,
a gravelly beach with well-developed zonation, and (4) Phokas beach, a gravelly beach characterized by finer mean grain size.
The lateral variation in Holocene coastal morphology would lead to different transgressive records: „rapid” sea-level rise
that may be suggested by transgression of the rocky shore is contemporaneous with „gradual” rise recorded by transgression
of the gravelly beaches.
Dimitra beach is an about 500 m long, cuspate, microtidal, wave-dominated gravelly beach. From land offshore, in its fairweather
configuration it shows
During storm upbuilding, the foreshore sand flats disappeared, the gravel ridges were eroded and an even, more gently dipping
storm beachface developed. Beach restoration in a swell regime proceeded in feedback with the emergent fairweather beach morphology.
During ensuing fairweather, the foreshore sand flats were partly winnowed. On Dimitra beach the layer involved in beach face
to uppermost shoreface dynamics was about 1 m thick and 10–15 m wide. In fossil gravelly beach successions, features formed
during highenergy events include both berms and master bedding surfaces. Features of the waning stage are fairweather plunge
steps and relic storm/swell beachfaces (lower beachface). From cuspate gravel ridges of the upper beachface probably only
the basal part is preserved. 相似文献
| (a) | a backshore of rounded gravels to small, rounded boulders, |
| (b) | a winter storm berm paved by disc-shaped clasts, |
| (c) | a belt of beach cusps each centered by an oblique-triangular foreshore sand flat, and flanked by gravel ridges of roughly triangular shape in plan view, |
| (d) | a fairweather plunge step, |
| (e) | a. „relic storm/swell beachface” (uppermost shoreface during fairweather) of clean, rounded coarse gravels to cobbles, |
| (f) | a storm/swell plunge step, and |
| (g) | a vencer of gravels to boulders that, farther seaward, grades into submarine sand flats. |
12.
J. Robb 《Human Evolution》1994,9(3):215-229
In recent years anthropologists have made much progress in understanding ancient activities from skeletal remains. In this
paper, material from the Iron Age cemetery at Pontecagnano (VII-IV century BC) is used to illustrate activity-related traits
of eight basic categories:
These traits, and others, can be used not only singly but in conjunction to define (a) patterns of activity and occupational
specialization for individuals, and (b) distributions within society reflecting the basic division of labor by geneder and
class. 相似文献
| (1) | idiosyncratic patterns of dental wear |
| (2) | activity-related articular degeneration |
| (3) | non-pathological functional alterations (neoformations, contact facets) |
| (4) | mechanical remodelling of bone architecture |
| (5) | enthesopathies (muscular lesions) |
| (6) | traumatic lesions |
| (7) | activity-related pathologies |
| (8) | activity-related nutritional characteristics |
13.
Waddington CH 《Journal of genetics》2006,85(2):101-105
Summary
相似文献
| 1. | The phenotype of the ‘assimilated bithorax’ stock is due in part to a number of genes, on all the chromosomes, which act directly on the individuals containing them, and partly to a recessive X-chromosome condition which causes a maternal effect. |
| 2. | Attempts to break down the maternal-effect condition by crossing-over were unsuccessful. |
| 3. | The maternal effect condition, when made homozygous in a wild-type background, causes the appearance of some bithoraxes in the next generation. |
| 4. | The condition may have arisen by mutation during the course of the selection by which the assimilated stock was built up, but it may have been present in very low frequency in the initial population. |
| 5. | The offspring of females homozygous for the maternal-effect condition do not produce a higher percentage of bithoraxes, following ether treatment, than do flies of similar genotype from other mothers. |
14.
In this report we describe the most suitable protocol for callus formation and plant regeneration for cotton. We screened 15 cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes for metal resistance and two of them, Nazilli M-503 (M503) Nazilli 143 (N-143) selected as Cd, Cu and Ni resistant. The cotyledonary nodes from these genotypes were the best explants for regeneration of shoots (more than 90 %) and roots (50 to 70 %). Shoot apex also gave good shoot regeneration (more than 90 %) but their root regeneration efficiency was low (35 %). These results show that Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 0.44 μM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.98 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was the most suitable recipe for getting high shoot and root regeneration from cotyledonary nodes of N-143 and M503 cotton genotypes.Abbreviations
This work was supported by the Textile Industry grant No. F000301 given to A.R. Memon. 相似文献
| 2,4 D | 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid |
| BAP | 6-benzylaminopurine |
| GA | gibberellic acid |
| IBA | indole-3-butyric acid |
| MS medium | Murashige and Skoog medium |
| NAA | naphthaleneacetic acid |
15.
Heiner Römer 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1976,109(1):101-122
| 1. | The reactions of tympanic nerve fibers ofLocusta migratoria were recorded by glass microelectrodes in the metathoracic ganglion. |
| 2. | The units were classified by frequency-, intensity-, and directional characteristics as well as by their response pattern. The response to speciesspecific song is compared with the response to song ofEphippiger ephippiger. |
| 3. | The physiological properties lead to a classification into three types of low-frequency neurons (characteristic frequency 3.5–4 kHz; 4kHz; 5.5–6 kHz) and one type of high-frequency neuron (12–20 kHz). This is similar to other species (Gray, 1960, Michelsen, 1971). |
| 4. | Intensity-coding is done by sharp rising intensity characteristics and by different absolute thresholds of the units. |
| 5. | There is a marked directional sensitivity with some differences between LF and HF units. In the low frequency range the tympanal organ seems to react as a pressure gradient receiver; for high frequencies another mechanism is discussed. |
| 6. | No filtering of species-specific song takes place at the level of the receptor cells. |
16.
M. Laska R. Hudson 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1993,173(2):249-256
In a task designed to simulate olfactory-guided foraging, the ability of squirrel monkeys to discriminate an artificial 12-component odorant from 3-, 6-, 9- or 11- component submixtures was investigated. A combination of factors was found to contribute to the animals' performance:
相似文献
| 1. | Discriminability generally decreased as the number of components in the submixture increased. |
| 2 | Submixtures did not contribute equally to mixture perception, and one component in particular (cineole) disproportionately influenced stimulus discriminability. |
| 3. | Interactive effects between submixtures resulted in marked deviations from the general pattern of discriminability. |
| 4. | Changes in the relative concentration of submixtures could also influence discriminability. |
| 5. | Finally, individual differences in responsiveness to particular stimuli were apparent. |
17.
Conclusions
This work was supported byKBN grant no. 7 A203 013 07. 相似文献
| (1) | The aminoesters inhibit glucose-stimulated proton extrusion by yeast cells. |
| (2) | The inhibitory activity depends on aliphatic carbon chain length. |
| (3) | The inhibition of proton extrusion is concentration-dependent. |
| (4) | The aminoesters stimulate quinacrine accumulation in vacuoles of yeast cells so they should possess affinities for lysosomes. |
18.
In the rift valley (North-East of France/South-West of Germany), the Rhine runs freely for 300 km from South to North. The absence of natural obstacles allows the development of a very regular profile of the river. We have therefore an opportunity to study very gradual modifications of the alluvial forest communities of the fluvial corridor from upstream to downstream, according to the gradual evolution of the ecological factors, related to slope decrease and hydrological modifications.We describe, from Basel to Mainz:
相似文献
| 1) | modification of dynamic processes in the forest communities such as successional sequences or sylvigenetic mosaïcs of the terminal stages. |
| 2) | modification of species richness. |
| 3) | reduction of species diversity. |
| 4) | simplification of the forest stratification. |
| 5) | modification of efficiency of the biogeochemical cycling. |
| 6) | ecological vicariances. |
| 7) | modification in species behaviour. |
19.
Victy Mercy Gerald 《Hydrobiologia》1976,49(1):77-85
| 1. | The overall rate of feeding at 28°C bears an inverse relationship to size; the time course of feeding appears to be size-independent and shows a decline with increase in time. |
| 2. | Absorption efficiency is independent of size. |
| 3. | The rates of absorption and conversion and conversion efficiency are inversely related to size. |
| 4. | The rate of feeding is reflected on the rates of absorption and conversion. |
20.
We hypothesized that manganese deficient animals fed high vs moderate levels of polyunsaturated fat would either manifest
evidence of increased oxidative stress or would experience compensatory changes in antioxidant enzymes and/or shifts in manganese
utilization that result in decreased endogenous gut manganese losses. Rats (females in Study 1, males in Study 2,n = 8/treatment) were fed diets that contained 5 or 20% corn oil by weight and either 0.01 or 1.5 μmol manganese/g diet. In
study 2,54Mn complexed to albumin was injected into the portal vein to assess gut endogenous losses of manganese. The manganese deficient
rats:
Gut endogenous losses of manganese tended to account for a smaller proportion of absorbed manganese in rats fed high-fat diets;
otherwise fat intake had few effects on tissue manganese concentrations. 相似文献
| 1. | Had 30–50% lower liver, tibia, kidney, spleen, and pancreas manganese concentrations than manganese adequate rats; |
| 2. | Conserved manganese through ≈70-fold reductions in endogenous fecal losses of manganese; |
| 3. | Had lower heart manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity; and |
| 4. | Experienced only two minor compensatory changes in the activity of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and catalase. |