化学诱变抗体模拟谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶

用诱变剂苯甲基磺酰氟（ＰＭＳＦ）活化兔抗人ＩｇＭ（Ｆｃμ）片段上特殊活性部位的丝氨酸（Ｓｅｒ）残基,经硒化氢（Ｈ_２Ｓｅ）处理,则将丝氨酸转变成硒代半胱氨酸（ＳｅＣｙｓ）。诱变后的抗体具有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性,其活性为世界最好的ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ模拟物ＰＺ５１的７０多倍。抗体效价为１：８,与没诱变的抗体相似。     

化学修饰单克隆抗体模拟谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶

化学修饰具有底物谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）结合部位的单克隆抗体（４Ａ４）,使其结合部位上的丝氨酸（Ｓｅｒ）转变成谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＰＸ）的催化基团硒代半胱氨酸（Ｓｅ－Ｃｙｓ）,因而产生高活力的含硒抗体酶（Ｓｅ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ）．突变的４Ａ４（ｍ４Ａ４）的ＧＰＸ活力达到了天然酶活力的１９％,并对ｍ４Ａ４的酶学性质和动力学性质进行了研究;硒代谷胱甘肽（ＧＳｅＨ）连到４Ａ４结合部位,其ＧＰＸ活力由３．８６Ｕ／μｍｏｌ提高到５９８．９Ｕ／μｍｏｌ用黄嘌呤氧化酶／次黄嘌呤为中心的心肌线粒体自由基损伤模型证明Ｓｅ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ（ｍ４Ａ４）可减轻活性氧对线粒体的损伤。     

化学修饰单克隆抗体模拟谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶

化学修饰具有底物谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）结合部位的单克隆抗体（４Ａ４）使其结合部位上的丝氨酸（Ｓｅｒ）转变成谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＰＸ）的催化基因硒代半胱氨酸（ＳｅＣｙｓ）因而产生高活力的含硒抗体酶（Ｓｅ－ａｂｚｙｍｅ）突变的４Ａ４（ｍ４Ａ４）的ＧＰＸ活力达到了天然酶活力的１９％并对ｍ４Ａ４的酶学性质和动力学性质进行了研究;硒代谷胱甘肽（ＧＳｅＨ）连到４Ａ４结合部位,其ＧＰＸ活力由３．８６Ｕ／μｍｏｌ提     

硅藻土在青霉素G酰化酶提纯中的应用

国产硅藻土经氢氧化铵处理后可用于从发酰液中直接取青霉素Ｇ酰化酶,平均吸附量为９０Ｕ／ｇ。吸附的酶可用２２％硫酸铵－０．３ｍｏｌ／ＬＰＢＳ（ｐＨ８．０）溶液洗脱。平均比１８Ｕ／１８Ｕｍｇ蛋白（ＮＩＰＡＢ法）。硅藻土可反复使用。苯乙酰胺－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ树脂可对酶作进一步的纯化。     

化学诱变抗体模拟谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶

用诱变剂苯甲基磺酰氟活化兔抗人ＩｇＭ片段上特殊活性部位的丝氨酸残基,经硒化氢处理,则将丝氨酸转变成 硒代半胱氨酸。诱变后的抗体具有谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,其活性为世界最好的ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ模拟物ＰＺ５１的７０多倍抗体效价为１：８,与没诱变的抗体相似。     

硅藻土在青霉素G酰化酶提纯中的应用

国产硅藻土经氢氧化铵处理后可用于从发酰液中直接取青霉素Ｇ酰化酶,平均吸附量为９０Ｕ／ｇ。吸附的酶可用２２％硫酸胺－０．３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＰＢＳ（ｐＨ８．０）溶液洗脱。平均比活１８Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白（ＮＩＰＡＢ法）。硅藻土可反复使用。苯乙酰胺－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ４Ｂ树脂可对酶作进一步的纯化。     

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒液中透明质酸酶的纯化和部分性质的研究

用分子筛（岛津ＤＩＯＬ－１５０柱）和阳离子交换（岛津ＷＣＸ－１柱）高效液相色谱从虎纹捕鸟蛛（Ｓｅｌｅｎｏｃｏｓｍｉａｈｕｗｅｎａ）毒液中分离提纯透明质酸酶（Ｈｙａｌｕｒｏｎｉｄａｓｅ,ＥＣ３．２．１．３５）．经等电聚焦电泳为一条带,ｐＩ＝７．２．经ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得分子量为４０ｋＤ,经凝胶过滤测得分子量为４０．７ｋＤ。以透明质酸为底物时在ｐＨ３．５─５．５范围内有较大活性,最适ｐＨ值为４．０;在ｐＨ４．５─６．０范围内稳定,在反应温度为３０─６０℃时有较大活性,最适温度为５０℃;对热稳定,０．１５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ对酶活性有一定的稳定作用．３％的肝素、５００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｈｇ~（２＋）、Ｆｅ~（２＋）、Ｃｕ~（２＋）对酶活性有明显的抑制作用。     

6BA诱导的带正电荷的葡萄叶过氧化物酶

河岸葡萄叶的带正电荷过氧化物酶（ｃａｔｉｏｎｉｃ ｐｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ, ＣＰＯＤ） 可受６ＢＡ 诱导,但盐、Ｈ２Ｏ２ 或Ｆｅ２＋＋ Ｈ２Ｏ２ 均使叶片ＣＰＯＤ 活性明显下降,而高浓度的无机盐明显刺激纯ＣＰＯＤ 活性增加。在以愈创木酚为底物时ＣＰＯＤ 最适ｐＨ 为４ ．６０ ～５ ．７５ ,对Ｈ２Ｏ２ 的表观Ｖｍａｘ 和Ｋｍ 值分别为１１０ Ｕ／ｍｇ 蛋白和１ ．１５ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

类胀泡结构是合成核糖核酸多聚酶Ⅱ转录产物的核内结构

采用可定位研究新生ＲＮＡ多聚酶Ⅱ（ＲＰⅡ）转录产物的溴尿嘧啶核苷三磷酸（ＢｒＵＴＰ）标记技术，对洋葱（ＡｌｉｕｍｃｅｐａＬ．）根端分生组织细胞核中的类胀泡结构（ＰＬＳ）进行了研究。经ＢｒＵＴＰ和抗ＢｒｄＵ抗体标记后，在电镜下观察到ＰＬＳ中存在大量的金颗粒，说明该结构中进行着旺盛的ＲＰⅡ转录产物的合成；经α鹅膏蕈碱（αＡ，１０μｇ／Ｌ，２ｈ）处理后，ＰＬＳ中金颗粒的减少极其显著，其金颗粒密度从６６．６５个／μｍ２降至１．７７个／μｍ２，进一步确认该结构上的金颗粒代表ＲＰⅡ转录产物。并且进一步证明该结构是合成ＲＰⅡ转录产物的核内结构。     

兼具SOD和GPX活力的双功能酶的制备及性质研究

用苯甲基磺酰氟（ＰＭＳＦ）和Ｈ２Ｓｅ相继处理铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ）,将酶分子中的丝氨酸（Ｓｅｒ）转化为硒代半胱氨酸（ＳｅＣｙｓ）,从而引入了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＰＸ）的催化基因,使其在ＳＯＤ酶活性大部分保留的情况下,具有ＧＰＸ活性,其ＧＰＸ活力是ＰＺ５１活力的３０倍,研究了双功能酶的最佳制备条件,包括ＰＭＳＦ的剂量、反应最适温度及Ｈ２Ｓｅ处理时间等,并用电子能谱、ＤＴＮＢ等方法     

兼具SOD和GPX活力的双功能酶的制备及性质研究

用苯甲基磺酰氟（ＰＭＳＦ）和Ｈ_２Ｓｅ相继处理铜锌超氧化物岐化酶（Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ）,将酶分子中的丝氨酸（Ｓｅｒ）转化为硒代半胱氨酸（ＳｅＣｙｓ）,从而引入了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＰＸ）的催化基团,使其在ＳＯＤ酶活性大部分保留的情况下,具有ＧＰＸ活性,其ＧＰＸ活力是ＰＺ５１活力的３０倍。研究了双功能酶的最佳制备条件,包括ＰＭＳＦ的剂量、反应最适温度及Ｈ_２Ｓｅ处理时间等,并用电子能谱、ＤＴＮＢ等方法测定了双功能酶的硒含量;测定了双功能酶对不同底物的米氏常数及双功能酶的荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱及稳定性。     

Human catalytic antibody Se-scFv-B3 with high glutathione peroxidase activity

In order to generate catalytic antibodies with glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, we prepared GSH-S-2,4-dinitrophenyl t-butyl ester (GSH-S-DNPBu) as target antigen. Three clones (A11, B3, and D5) that bound specifically to the antigen were selected from the phage display antibody library (human synthetic VH + VL single-chain Fv fragment (scFv) library). Analysis of PCR products using gel electrophoresis and sequencing showed that only clone B3 beared intact scFv-encoding gene, which was cloned into the expression vector pPELB and expressed as soluble form (scFv-B3) in Escherichia coli Rosetta. The scFv-B3 was purified by Ni(2+)-immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). The yield of purified proteins was about 2.0-3.0 mg of proteins from 1 L culture. After the active site serines of scFv-B3 were converted into selenocysteines (Secs) with the chemical modification method, we obtained the human catalytic antibody (Se-scFv-B3) with GPX activity of 1288 U/micromol. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Class-specific regulation of anti-DNA antibody synthesis and the age-associated changes in (NZB x NZW)F1 hybrid mice

Investigations of regulatory helper and suppressor T cells in the in vitro anti-DNA antibody synthesis in NZB x NZW (B/W) F1 hybrid mice were initiated by the development of an in vitro system in which G10-passed B cells from B/W F1 mice were cocultured with mitomycin C-treated T cells in the presence of Con A and either in the presence or in the absence of LPS. It was revealed that each IgG and IgM anti-DNA antibody synthesis was under the regulation of separate L3T4+ helper and Ly-2+ suppressor T cells. The function of these class-specific regulatory T cells was age-dependent. Although the helper effect of L3T4+ T cells on IgG antibody synthesis increased, the effect of L3T4+ T cells on IgM antibody production decreased in B/W F1 mice with aging. The IgG anti-DNA antibody production in the cocultures of L3T4+ T cells and B cells was suppressed by addition of Ly-2+ T cells from young but not aged B/W F1 mice, whereas the production of IgM anti-DNA antibodies was suppressed by Ly-2+ T cells from aged but not young B/W F1 mice. We also found that although IgM anti-DNA antibody-producing B cells were already present in 2-mo-old mice, B cells producing IgG antibodies under the influence of L3T4+ T cells appeared in mice at 7 mo of age. These data clearly indicate that separate class-specific regulatory T cells are involved in the production of IgM and IgG anti-DNA antibodies and that the total serum level of the antibodies is reflected by both their age-associated changes and the generation of antibody-forming B cells in B/W F1 mice.     

Improved enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic ethyl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate catalyzed by modified Novozyme 435

S-(+)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (S-(+)-DMCPA) is a key chiral intermediate for the synthesis of Cilastatin. The enzymatic preparation of S-(+)-DMCPA has attracted much attention. In order to improve the activity and stability of Novozyme 435 for enzymatic preparation of S-(+)-DMCPA from 2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (DMCPE), the glutaraldehyde modification for Novozyme 435 was investigated and the glutaraldehydemodified Novozyme 435 was used as biocatalyst for the synthesis of S-(+)-DMCPA. The results showed that the modified Novozyme 435 had a better reusing merit than unmodified enzyme. The maximum specific activity was obtained by modification Novozyme 435 with 1.5% glutaraldehyde solution under the conditions of shaking at 200 rpm and 30°C for 45 min. The optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions for glutaraldehyde-modified Novozyme 435 were also confirmed. The optimized hydrolytic reaction mixture contained 10 mL potassium phosphate buffer (1.0 mol/L, pH 7.6), 90 mg of DMCPE and 160 mg of glutaraldehyde-modified enzyme, and the reaction was performed at 30oC and 200 rpm for 52 h. The reusing efficiency of modified Novozyme 435 was further evaluated. Under the optimal conditions, the modified enzyme remained 76.0% of its original yield after 10 times reuse, but the optical purity of the product kept intact; whereas the yield of unmodified enzyme reduced to 20.8% of its initial value and the ee value of product decreased a lot to 90.7% after 7 times recycle. These results showed that the modified Novozyme 435 was more cost-effective for the preparation of S-(+)-DMCPA in industrial application.     

镉对长江华溪蟹肝胰腺抗氧化酶活力的影响

重金属对环境的污染已成为全球面临的首要问题之一,其中镉(Cd2 )是一种广泛存在的毒性污染物,能通过消化道和呼吸道进入生物体,对机体造成损伤(Zyadah and Abdel-Baky,2000)。研究表明,Cd2 可以通过Ca2 通道穿过细胞膜进入机体(Roesijadi and Robinson,1994),诱导产生大量自由基和活性氧(ROS),从而形成氧胁迫(Toppi andGabbrielli,1994;Hegedus et al.,2001)。ROS可以与体内脂质、蛋白质和核酸反应,导致脂质过氧化、细胞膜损伤并且影响多种酶的活力,对生物体造成威胁。由于在水生生态系统中生物富集污染物的作用明显,故相对于陆地生…     

化学突变具有底物结合部位的单克隆抗体制备含硒抗体酶

开发了一种制备抗体酶的新方法。用二硝基氯苯（ＤＮＣＢ）专一地与谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）的巯基反应,合成出半抗原ＧＳＨ－Ｓ－ＤＮＰ。用戊二醛将半抗原偶联到牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）上,制成全抗原。再用标准的单抗制备法获得具有ＧＳＨ结合部位的单抗（４Ａ４ＩｇＧ）。用苯甲基磺酞氟（ＰＭＳＦ）和Ｈ２Ｓｅ相继处理该单抗,则将单拉结合部位上的丝氨酸（Ｓｅｒ）突变成硒代半胱氨酸（ＳｅＣｙｓ,因而在单抗结合部位上引入了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＰＸ）的催化基团。突变后的单抗具有ＧＰＸ活性,其活力已达到天然ＧＰＸ的数量级水平。动力学行为也与天然ＧＰＸ类似。这种新的含硒抗体酶有优于ＧＰＸ的一些特点。     

HSV-IgM人-鼠嵌合抗体制备及稳定细胞株构建工艺开发

为实现体外大规模制备单纯疱疹病毒HSV-IgM(HSV1,HSV2)人鼠嵌合抗体,本研究通过RNA连接酶介导的cDNA末端快速扩增(RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RLM-RACE)技术获取其对应杂交瘤细胞基因序列,构建嵌合抗体至真核表达载体,在CHO-S细胞中稳定表达所需目的蛋白。同时优化稳定细胞株筛选工艺,对细胞池构建阶段和单克隆筛选阶段的加压条件进行摸索与探究,最后目的抗体采用蛋白L亲和纯化法进行纯化并进行生物活性检测;最终成功制备899 kDa和909 kDa的稳定高表达重组IgM抗体(HSV1,HSV2)细胞株。结果表明,最适筛选压力为20P200M(一轮加压)和50P1000M(二轮加压);使用加压培养基进行单克隆筛选抗体表达量较高,HSV1-IgM和HSV2-IgM单克隆最终表达量分别为1620 mg/L和623 mg/L。本研究为HSV1和HSV2的IgM系列重组抗体质控品开发以及体外高表达分泌IgM亚型抗体提供理论与实践基础。     

Immobilization of inulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y-7571 using modified sodium alginate beads

An experimental design was carried out to evaluate the effect of the concentrations of sodium alginate, glutaraldehyde and activated coal on the immobilization of inulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y-7571. The experimental condition of 20?g/L of sodium alginate, 50?mL/L of glutaraldehyde and 30?g/L of activated coal led to the highest specific activity (2,063.5?U/mg of protein), corresponding to an enhancement of about 26 times compared to the activity of the free enzyme (79.1?U/mg of protein). The effect of pH and temperature on the immobilized enzyme activity was also evaluated, showing optimal activities at pH of 5.5 and 55?°C. The study of storage of immobilized inulinase in different temperatures showed that the extract kept its initial activity after 43?days of storage at 40 and 50?°C and after 138?days of storage either at 4 or 25?°C.     

Solid-phase peptide quantitation assay using labeled monoclonal antibody and glutaraldehyde fixation

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay utilizing iodinated peptide-specific monoclonal antibody as a detection system instead of labeled peptide has been developed. Regional specific monoclonal antibodies to either gastrin-releasing peptide or gastrin were used as models to validate the general application of our modified assay. Conditions for radioactive labeling of the monoclonal antibody were determined to minimize oxidant damage, which compromises the sensitivity of other reported peptide quantitation assays. Pretreatment of 96-well polyvinyl chloride test plates with a 5% glutaraldehyde solution resulted in consistent retention of sufficient target peptide on the solid-phase matrix to allow precise quantitation. This quantitative method is completed within 1 h of peptide solid phasing. Pretreatment of assay plates with glutaraldehyde increased binding of target peptide and maximized antibody binding by optimizing antigen presentation. The hypothesis that glutaraldehyde affects both peptide binding to the plate and orientation of the peptide was confirmed by analysis of several peptide analogs. These studies indicate that peptide binding was mediated through a free amino group leaving the carboxy-terminal portion of the target peptide accessible for antibody binding. It was observed that the length of the peptide also affects the amount of monoclonal antibody that will bind. Under the optimal conditions, results from quantitation of gastrin-releasing peptide in relevant samples agree well with those from previously reported techniques. Thus, we report here a modified microplate assay which may be generally applied for the rapid and sensitive quantitation of peptide hormones.