共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
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可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development Goals,SDGs)的实现往往会因为生态保护或人类福祉之间可能存在的权衡关系而受到阻碍。将生态系统服务(Ecosystem services,ESs)纳入到可持续发展目标的决策中能够避免各方利益的冲突,促进SDGs的实现。然而,在生态环境脆弱的山区,ESs对SDGs的贡献分析仍然不足。以川西地区为研究区,对2000-2020年11个可持续发展目标进行了量化,利用生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs,InVEST)模型和定量指标法估算了碳固存、土壤保持和食物生产三种重要生态系统服务,并使用空间面板数据模型研究ESs对SDGs的影响及其空间溢出效应。结果表明:(1)可持续发展目标水平整体提升,但SDG1(无贫穷)和SDG3(良好健康和人类福祉)表现较差,分值低于5分。从空间上看,与环境相关的SDGs在川西北高原表现更好,与社会经济相关的SDGs在川西东部和川西南山地地区表现更好。(2)川西地区碳固存和食物生产服务呈现线性增长趋势,土壤保持服务呈现波动增长趋势,分别增长了0.23×108 t、8.93×105 t和1.23×108 t。(3)与土壤保持和食物生产相比,碳固存对SDGs表现出更强烈的直接影响和空间溢出效应。其中县域碳固存对本县域和邻近县域的SDG11(可持续城市和社区)和SDG1具有显著的促进作用,对SDG2(零饥饿)呈现显著负向影响。研究结果可为区域联合管理提供科学依据,推动可持续发展目标的实现。 相似文献
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- Every year, a vast number of wetlands are constructed to restore ecosystem function and biodiversity, thus counteracting massive historical losses by reclamation to farmland. However, our knowledge of the long-term effects on biodiversity, particularly of large systems such as lakes, is very limited.
- Our objective was to follow the development of macrophytes over 3–4 decades in 24 new, shallow, eutrophic lakes in order to test the hypotheses that: (1) species richness reaches a maximum after some years and then declines; and (2) species composition changes substantially from small early colonisers to taller, competitive later colonisers, which causes ongoing high β-diversity.
- A generalised linear mixed-effect model showed that species richness was related to lake size, phosphorus concentration and spatial setting, which are known to influence natural lakes as well. Moreover, species composition and richness were affected by lake age. Species colonised rapidly and richness peaked at an intermediate age and then declined.
- Temporal species turnover within lakes was high in three lake age groups of ≤10, 11–20 or >20 years since establishment, although lowest after 11–20 years. Species replacement tended to contribute most to β-diversity in the youngest lakes, whereas richness fluctuated in older lakes and appeared to contribute most to temporal turnover there.
- Early colonisers in ≤10-year-old lakes were commonly replaced by tall canopy-forming species in 11–20-year-old lakes, probably as a result of increasing competition for light and space over time. After 20 years, rootless Ceratophyllum submersum as well as species with floating and emergent leaves became dominant, potentially due to the gradual accumulation of more organic sediment difficult to root and grow in, along with gradually reduced light penetration in the water.
- Establishing new lakes for biodiversity remains a challenge because of the falling richness and continuous species turnover with lake age, but our results suggest that constructing large, nutrient-poor lakes in species-rich landscapes ensures the best prerequisites for obtaining diverse communities.
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İbrahim Kaan Özgencil Meryem Beklioğlu Korhan Özkan Çağatay Tavşanoğlu Niccolò Fattorini 《Freshwater Biology》2020,65(11):1845-1857
- Water level and submerged macrophytes are critical players for the functioning of shallow lake ecosystems; understanding how waterbird communities respond to changes in both can have important implications for conservation and management. Here, we evaluated the effects of changes in water level and submerged macrophyte status on wintering waterbird community size, functional group abundances, functional diversity (FD), and community assembly by using a dataset compiled over 50 years.
- We built generalised linear models to evaluate the effects of water level and submerged macrophyte status on the above-listed attributes of the waterbird communities by using mid-winter waterbird censuses, water level measurements, and submerged macrophyte surveys, along with submerged macrophyte macrofossil records from two shallow lakes in Turkey. Using a relevant set of functional traits, we defined functional groups, calculated four FD measures, and simulated null distributions of the FD measures for assessing assembly rules.
- We found that macrophyte-dominated years had significantly higher abundances of waterbirds in one of the study lakes, and had more diving herbivores and omnivores in both lakes, while diving/scooping fish-eating waterbird abundance was lower in macrophyte-dominated years. Community size in Lake Beyşehir exhibited a negative association with water level; surprisingly, however, none of the functional group abundances and FD indices were significantly related to water level.
- In our study communities, standardised effect sizes of functional richness and functional dispersion—two indices that are particularly sensitive to community assembly processes—were mostly lower than those of randomly assembled communities, which implies functional clustering. Shifts to a scarce-macrophyte state were associated with increases in these two indices, possibly due to either changes in the relative strength of environmental filtering and limiting similarity in community assembly or sampling of transitional communities. Further studies covering a wider range of the trophic/macrophyte status spectrum are needed to be certain.
- The results of this study indicate that shifts between abundant and scarce-macrophyte states can have significant effects on wintering waterbird abundances, FD and community assembly. The results also suggest that shallow lakes in macrophyte-dominated states can support more wintering waterbirds, especially diving omnivores, some of which are globally threatened.
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Sven Björk 《Hydrobiologia》1982,86(1-2):177-183
Case studies illustrating lake and wetland ecosystem problems as well as restoration methods are given. Among these methods, aeration of deep lakes, sediment removal from shallow, polluted lakes, sediment manipulation in polluted and acidified lakes, biomanipulation and wetland management methods are considered. A treatment program for directing ecosystem development is designed in each individual case according to lake type, degradation problems and goals of restoration. The most common goal in treatment of lakes is to meiotrophicate (oligotrophicate) hypertrophicated ecosystems. In the case of wetlands, conservation and restoration aspects are combined with a growing interest focused on biomass production by emergent macrophytes. Within practical frames of applied limnology, basic limnological research and training of doctorands have been organized as team-work for ecosystem-oriented investigations. 相似文献
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Pilar Castro‐Díez Ana Sofia Vaz Joaquim S. Silva Marcela van Loo lvaro Alonso Cristina Aponte lvaro Bayn Peter J. Bellingham Mariana C. Chiuffo Nicole DiManno Kahua Julian Susanne Kandert Nicola La Porta Hlia Marchante Hamish G. Maule Margaret M. Mayfield Daniel Metcalfe M. Cristina Monteverdi Martín A. Núez Rebecca Ostertag Ingrid M. Parker Duane A. Peltzer Luke J. Potgieter Maia Raymundo Donald Rayome Orna Reisman‐Berman David M. Richardson Ruben E. Roos Asuncin Saldaa Ross T. Shackleton Agostina Torres Melinda Trudgen Josef Urban Joana R. Vicente Montserrat Vil Tiina Ylioja Rafael D. Zenni Oscar Godoy 《Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society》2019,94(4):1477-1501
Non‐native tree (NNT) species have been transported worldwide to create or enhance services that are fundamental for human well‐being, such as timber provision, erosion control or ornamental value; yet NNTs can also produce undesired effects, such as fire proneness or pollen allergenicity. Despite the variety of effects that NNTs have on multiple ecosystem services, a global quantitative assessment of their costs and benefits is still lacking. Such information is critical for decision‐making, management and sustainable exploitation of NNTs. We present here a global assessment of NNT effects on the three main categories of ecosystem services, including regulating (RES), provisioning (PES) and cultural services (CES), and on an ecosystem disservice (EDS), i.e. pollen allergenicity. By searching the scientific literature, country forestry reports, and social media, we compiled a global data set of 1683 case studies from over 125 NNT species, covering 44 countries, all continents but Antarctica, and seven biomes. Using different meta‐analysis techniques, we found that, while NNTs increase most RES (e.g. climate regulation, soil erosion control, fertility and formation), they decrease PES (e.g. NNTs contribute less than native trees to global timber provision). Also, they have different effects on CES (e.g. increase aesthetic values but decrease scientific interest), and no effect on the EDS considered. NNT effects on each ecosystem (dis)service showed a strong context dependency, varying across NNT types, biomes and socio‐economic conditions. For instance, some RES are increased more by NNTs able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, and when the ecosystem is located in low‐latitude biomes; some CES are increased more by NNTs in less‐wealthy countries or in countries with higher gross domestic products. The effects of NNTs on several ecosystem (dis)services exhibited some synergies (e.g. among soil fertility, soil formation and climate regulation or between aesthetic values and pollen allergenicity), but also trade‐offs (e.g. between fire regulation and soil erosion control). Our analyses provide a quantitative understanding of the complex synergies, trade‐offs and context dependencies involved for the effects of NNTs that is essential for attaining a sustained provision of ecosystem services. 相似文献
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IRMGARD BLINDOW GUNNAR ANDERSSON ERS HARGEBY STEFAN JOHANSSON 《Freshwater Biology》1993,30(1):159-167
- 1 Lake Tåkern and Lake Krankesjön, two moderately eutrophic, shallow lakes in southern Sweden, have during the past few decades shifted several times between a clear-water state with abundant submerged vegetation and a turbid state with high phytoplankton densities.
- 2 Between 1985 and 1991, Lake Takern was in a clear state, whereas Lake Krankesjon shifted from a turbid to a clear state. During this shift, the area covered by submerged macrophytes expanded, followed by an increase in water transparency, plant-associated macroinvertebrates, and piscivorous fish. Nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton biomass and abundance of planktonic cladocerans decreased.
- 3 In both lakes, water level fluctuations were the most common factor causing shifts, affecting submerged macrophytes either through changes in light availability or through catastrophic events such as dry-out or mechanical damage by ice movement.
- 4 Our data give further support for the existence of two alternative stable states in shallow lakes maintained by self-stabilizing feedback mechanisms.