首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Corpora amylacea (CA) are one of the conspicuous features of brain tissue in normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Quantitative protein determination of purified CA revealed a protein content of about 4% of total weight. Qualitative protein analysis revealed a broad range of polypeptides, with four being more abundant. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fractionation of this protein material showed four peaks which are related to the four major polypeptides with molecular weights of 24 KD, 42 KD, 94 KD, and 133 KD. Amino acid content analysis of the 24 KD, 42 KD and 94 KD polypeptides indicated that distinct protein species are involved. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the 24 KD and 42 KD polypeptides revealed in both cases homology with the N-terminal sequence of human ubiquitin.  相似文献   

2.
Although most of the glucose metabolized in the brain is taken up from the blood, glucose derived from glycogen stores is increasingly implicated in both normal brain function and injury repair. An impaired glucose metabolism is one of the features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) entailing a reduction in glucose transporters and the uptake of glucose as well as alterations in the specific activity of glycolytic enzymes. Here we report that AD brains accumulate amylose, the unbranched alpha(1,4)-linked glucose polymer that is resistant to degradation by glycolytic enzymes. Neutral polysaccharides harvested from postmortem brains were purified with hydrazinolysis, ion exchange, and sizing chromatography and subjected to NMR spectroscopy, GC, GC-MS, and methylation analysis. Five percent of the polysaccharides (50 micro g [0.3 micro mol]/g wet weight brain tissue) consisted of amylose with molecular weights exceeding 600,000 Da. There is no evidence for 1,6-branching, indicating that the polymer is not a form of high-molecular-weight glycogen. By GC analysis, the glucose content of the AD brains was almost three times greater than that of the age-matched control brains. A synthesis of amylose in AD brains at the expense of glycogen would compromise glucose metabolism and enhance neural degeneration.  相似文献   

3.
A method is described for selective fluorescent staining of polysaccharide bodies, such as those found in Alzheimer's disease, Lafora's disease and adult polyglucosan disease. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections of human autopsied brain tissue were stained with the fluorescent compound dansyl hydrazine. It specifically stained polysaccharide bodies in tissue sections with great sensitivity and little background. The dansyl hydrazine staining technique also reveals a high degree of structural detail in the stained tissues.  相似文献   

4.
The preparation of additional smears from a cervical scrape: impact on the rate of detection of cervical neoplasia It has been known for some time that only a proportion of the cells on the smear-taking device is transferred to the slide. This can give rise to errors in reporting although the smear may have been taken correctly. This study was undertaken to identify a quick and simple method of improving the accuracy of the Papanicolaou test. A conventional smear and five additional smears were obtained from 62 women attending a Genito-Urinary Medicine clinic. The cell content of the conventional smears and the additional smears was compared. Dyskaryotic cells were detected both in the conventional smear and in the first and second additional smears from 22 women. Dyskaryotic cells were detected in the first and second additional smears only in five women. Thus, the conventional smear failed to detect biopsy-confirmed cervical abnormality in these women. A cell count of the first additional smear in the five cases where the conventional smear was negative showed that they contained, on average, 310 dyskaryotic cells. The preparation of one additional cervical smear per cervical scrape could significantly increase the accuracy of the cervical smear test by 11% (P=0.025, McNemar's test).  相似文献   

5.
This is a statistical analysis of individual NHS Cervical Screening Programme laboratories screening smear 'pick-up' rates (defined here as percentage low grade and percentage high grade of total adequate smears for ages 20-64 years derived from general practitioners and community clinics) in relation to their nonscreening smear workload proportion (here defined as percentage nonscreening smears of total laboratory workload from all sources for all ages). This was achieved by the use of three one way ANOVA models in order to receive a complete overview of the results. The models were applied to the following: (1) Laboratories with a total workload of less than 15000 general practitioner (GP) and community clinic smears; (2) laboratories with a total workload of greater than 15000 GP and community smears and; (3) all laboratories (i.e. a combination of 1 and 2). The 'test' groups within each of these models comprised three subgroups based on the percentage of laboratory workload that consisted of smears from a nonscreening source. This figure ranged from 2.8% to 82.6%. The subgroups were divided so as to contain approximately the same number of laboratories in each one (172 laboratories in total, 42 with workload < 15000 and 130 with > 15000). The results show that laboratories high and low grade pick-up rates have a positively correlated but variable relationship with the proportion of their workload that consists of nonscreening smears. The results show significance overall at the 5% level for high grade and the 10% level for low grade (high grade at P = 0.045 and low grade at P = 0.071). Significance for laboratories viewing less than 15000 screening smears at the 1% level (high grade P = 0.006 and low grade P = 0.005). They show no significance, however, for laboratories viewing more than 15000 screening smears (high grade P = 0.457 and low grade P = 0.622). There is an intriguing possibility that a greater exposure to abnormal smears results in a greater tendency to detect them. The current data provides no evidence to support the NHS Executive's use of 15000 as a designated figure when quality monitoring and service provision becomes a specific issue. The closure or amalgamation of laboratories with workloads less than this would appear to have no scientific evidence base.  相似文献   

6.
The present article reviews findings regarding the age-related occurrence of clusters of unusual granules in the brains of C57BL/6 (B6) mice and discusses the potential relevance of this phenomenon as a model of specific aspects of brain aging in humans. The granules occur predominatly in the hippocampus of B6 mice and represent aggregations of fibrillar material that are mostly associated with astrocytes. The deposits become evident at about 4 to 6 mo of age, and increase markedly in both number and size thereafter. Similar structures have been observed in adult senescence accelerated mice (SAM) and have been noted, although very rarely, in older mice from other strains. The deposits appear to manifest dominant genetic heritability. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan and laminin or related molecules have been identified as components of the granular material. Although the deposits do not represent senile plaques with β-amyloid deposition, they might mimic the deposition of extracellular matrix molecules that is thought to be an early event in amyloidogenesis in the aged brain and in Alzheimer's disease.  相似文献   

7.
Eight cases of African siderosis primarily recognized on cytological smears are presented and discussed. All the smears were obtained from Jamshidi needle biopsies of vertebral bodies. Six cases showed siderosis only, while a seventh showed two pathological processes on one slide, namely metastatic keratinizing squamous carcinoma and siderosis. The remaining case showed cytological evidence of tuberculosis and siderosis. All cases were histologically confirmed, an additional feature in two cases being osseous tuberculosis which was not evident on the cytological smears. A search of the literature failed to reveal any report on the cytological recognition of this disease, or its association with tuberculosis.  相似文献   

8.
One hundred and seventy-seven doctors and 161 nurses from 230 clinics responded to a questionnaire on smear taking practice. The responses show that 66% of smear takers use the Aylesbury spatula and 30% use the Ayre spatula. A total of 53% use a cytobrush for selected cases. Training of smear takers and preparation of smears was satisfactory. Most (but not all) smear takers routinely record clinical information on the request form. Only 20 cytology laboratories in the North Thames region (70%) provide additional feedback to the smear takers about the quality of their smears apart from the information on the request form. Our study shows that feedback is an area where interaction between the laboratory and smear taker could be encouraged.  相似文献   

9.
用RFLP和PCR—RFLP技术研究东北虎和华南虎线粒体DNA多态性   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
吴平  黄恭情 《生物多样性》1997,5(3):173-178
采用mtDNARFLP和PCRRFLP技术研究了东北虎和华南虎的mtDNA的多态性。在mtDNARFLP研究中,分离纯化了东北虎和华南虎肝、肾和心脏组织的mtDNA,用20种识别6碱基对的限制性内切酶消化,结果只有1种限制性内切酶(XbaⅠ)检测到多态性片段,其余19种限制性内切酶消化产生的限制性格局在东北虎和华南虎完全一致。在PCRRFLP研究中,用PCR技术分别扩增了东北虎和华南虎mtDNA的控制区(controlregion),用8种识别4碱基对的限制性内切酶分别对扩增产物进行消化,结果只有1种限制性内切酶(RsaⅠ)检测到多态性片段。mtDNARFLP及PCRRFLP的结果均提示东北虎和华南虎之间的遗传距离极小。这可能与下列因素有关:两者分布区间无天然隔离屏障;具有强扩散能力;近几百年才被相互隔离。  相似文献   

10.
Background: We clarified the clinical significance of measurement of IgG antibody titers against Helicobacter pylori using data from a nested case–control study from a large-scale cohort study in Japan.
Method: Participants included 36,745 subjects from the Japan Health Center-based Prospective Study who responded to the baseline questionnaire and provided a blood sample. Subjects were aged 40–69 years and were followed over 15 years after initial sampling. Controls were matched to 511 gastric cancer patients. Plasma surface antigen (Hp)-IgG titer was measured using ELISA, and mucosal atrophy was determined by measuring pepsinogen I and II levels.
Results: Seropositive subjects with low Hp-IgG titer and mucosal atrophy showed a higher risk for gastric cancer than high-titer subjects. Odds ratio (OR) referred to cases with true negative IgG titers and no mucosal atrophy. In moderately atrophic subjects, the low titer OR was 19.0, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 7.7–46.9, and 12.5 for high titer, with a 95% CI of 5.2–30.0. In severely atrophic subjects, the low titer OR was almost double that of high-titer subjects (OR = 30.2, 95% CI = 12.4–73.7 and OR = 15.9, 95% CI = 6.3–40.3, respectively). These associations were observed more frequently for differentiated than undifferentiated gastric cancer.
Conclusion: Combination assay with Hp-IgG titer and pepsinogens may help identify groups at high risk for gastric cancer. Subjects with low Hp-IgG titer and mucosal atrophy were at extremely high risk for gastric cancer, particularly differentiated cancer. Subjects with this background may require ongoing observation and periodic endoscopic examination for early cancer detection.  相似文献   

11.
介绍一种方便于临床分析、鉴别诊断和分析管理的临床检验专家系统。利用人工神经网络(Artificial Neural. Networks,ANN)挖掘患者基本信息和实验室数据,进行综合统计分析,对已确诊的患者(肝炎、肝癌、肝硬化和胆囊结石)的生化检验项目进行梳理,得出相应疾病生化指标的临床阳性预测值,然后以各项生化指标为多因素变量、诊断为输出变量建立ANN预测模型。另外抽取肝功异常并已明确诊断的患者60例进行生化指标测定,利用ANN系统,综合分析预测临床符合率,同时构建对初诊病人的树状筛查程序和直观判读报告软件的开发。利用专家诊断系统对肝脏疾病预测的准确率分别为:肝炎80.0%、肝硬化86.7%、肝癌66.7%和胆囊结石73.3%,优化后的报告格式直观反映患者的病情变化。借助于建议性报告软件可快速简易地作出对肝胆系统疾病鉴别诊断,达到医疗资源优化利用的目的。  相似文献   

12.
Lemur fulvus mayottensis females were presented each day to vasectomized males. A simultaneous study of parameters of vaginal smears, external genital organs, and the cervix was carried out on the same females. Results from the two methods allow the determination of oestrus, that is, the best period for artificial insemination.  相似文献   

13.
周炜  邓群 《微生物学杂志》2012,32(4):100-102
探讨泌尿生殖道分泌物支原体培养的临床意义.取泌尿生殖道感染的男性尿拭子和女性宫颈分泌物1 095份进行支原体培养和药敏试验,根据药敏结果进行治疗及疗效观察.1095例患者中支原体阳性365例(33.3%),其中解脲脲原体(Ureaplasma urealyticum,Uu)感染287例,人型支原体(Mycoplasma hominis,Mh)感染55例,Uu与Mh混合感染23例.药敏试验结果显示对强力霉素、米诺环素敏感率分别为90.4%和88.8%.对林可霉素、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星的耐药率分别为86.8%、82.5%、81.1%.男性患者根据药敏结果分别进行强力霉素和米诺环素单药治疗,其治愈率为79.5%、76.9%,女性患者联合干扰素栓剂治疗,治愈率达83.6%和82.2%.鉴于泌尿生殖道分泌物支原体的高感染率以及并不理想的临床治愈率,广泛应用分泌物支原体培养法值得商榷.  相似文献   

14.
研究表明,miRNA参与了胚胎发育、损伤修复、糖尿病、心脏病等许多重要生理病理过程,特别是在恶性肿瘤的发生发展中发挥了重要作用,并具有潜在的临床意义。本文比较详细地叙述了有关miRNA的重要基础研究成果,并就miRNA在卵巢癌组织及细胞中的表达、miRNA在卵巢癌发生发展中的作用、miRNA与卵巢癌早期诊断、化疗耐药及预后判断等方面的最新研究成果进行了综述。  相似文献   

15.
    
Objectives : This study examined health services use in community samples of 102 white and 60 black women with binge eating disorder (BED), 164 white and 85 black healthy comparison women, and 86 white and 21 black women with a noneating Axis I psychiatric disorder. Research Methods and Procedures : Participants were matched on age, ethnicity, and education and were asked about their use of emergency room visits, outpatient physician visits for medical care, outpatient psychotherapy visits, and days spent in the hospital over the previous 12 months. Total health services use was computed. Results : There were no between‐group differences in outpatient physician visits or inpatient hospital days. Relative to healthy comparison women, women with BED and women with other Axis I disorders had increased total health services use, psychotherapy visits, and emergency department visits. Relative to women with noneating Axis I disorders, women with BED had less use of psychotherapy visits. Although obese white women were more likely to report emergency department visits than obese black women were, nonobese white women were less likely to report emergency department visits than nonobese black women were. Discussion : That health services use by women with BED compared more with that of women with other Axis I disorders than with that of healthy women suggested that BED has clinical significance and is not benign in terms of its impact on the health care system. It appeared, however, that despite the availability of effective treatments, few women with BED received psychotherapy.  相似文献   

16.
Brains of young (newly emerged) adult female locusts (Locusta migratoria migratorioides) and of mature (> 9 days old) locusts contain an extractable allatotropic factor, soluble in 100% methanol and in distilled water. This factor stimulates juvenile hormone III (JH III) synthesis and release from corpora allata (CA) that have been excised from donor locusts and then incubated with (radiolabeled methyl)-methionine in vitro in its presence. In addition to JH III, which is the major product synthesized by the CA, other hexanesoluble, radiolabeled compounds–-more polar than JH III–-are also released when CA are incubated in vitro. The activation of CA by the allatotropic factor is rapid and quickly declines when the factor is removed from the medium. Corpora allata excised from young females are marginally active and can be activated by brain allatotropic factor to less of an extent than CA of mature locusts. The content of allatotropic factor in brains of mature locusts is higher than that ascertained in brains of young females. Allatotropic factor is also present in the corpora cardiaca.  相似文献   

17.
This study evaluates the feasibility of DNA analysis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III (CIN III) lesions on cervical smear and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET) blocks with a view to extending this type of analysis to milder grades of dyskaryosis. DNA ploidy was determined by image analysis using a CAS 200 Image Analyser. Seventeen patients with a diagnosis of CIN III were studied. Results show that all smear and tissue samples were non-diploid with nine aneuploid and eight tetraploid lesions. In 6/7 patients whose smears and corresponding biopsies were examined there was complete agreement as to the DNA profile. We conclude that DNA quantification is technically feasible in archival, routinely prepared cervical smears. This technique should now be applied to CINI and CINII cervical smears to determine if it is of value in identifying those lesions that will progress to CIN III. This study is particularly timely with the possibility in the near future of estimation of ploidy by image analysis using instruments such as the Highly Optimized Microscope Environment (HOME) system.  相似文献   

18.
microRNA(miRNA)在人类恶性肿瘤的发生发展过程中起着重要作用。近期研究表明,miRNA通过结合特定靶标参与调控肝细胞癌(hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC)的发生,可作为辅助生物标志物用于指导肝细胞癌的诊断和治疗,并为有效地监控和预防肝病提供了新途径。寻找miRNA靶标,阐明miRNA参与肝癌发生的调控机理,有利于肝癌的临床靶向基因治疗。通过总结miRNA在肝细胞癌中的调控机制及临床应用的研究进展,为寻找肝细胞癌早期诊断的生物标志物及介入治疗的靶点提供了参考。  相似文献   

19.
    
We analyzed 320 clinical samples of parasitic infections submitted to the Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University from January 2004 to June 2011. They consisted of 211 nematode infections, 64 trematode or cestode infections, 32 protozoan infections, and 13 infections with arthropods. The nematode infections included 67 cases of trichuriasis, 62 of anisakiasis (Anisakis sp. and Pseudoterranova decipiens), 40 of enterobiasis, and 24 of ascariasis, as well as other infections including strongyloidiasis, thelaziasis, loiasis, and hookworm infecions. Among the cestode or trematode infections, we observed 27 cases of diphyllobothriasis, 14 of sparganosis, 9 of clonorchiasis, and 5 of paragonimiasis together with a few cases of taeniasis saginata, cysticercosis cellulosae, hymenolepiasis, and echinostomiasis. The protozoan infections included 14 cases of malaria, 4 of cryptosporidiosis, and 3 of trichomoniasis, in addition to infections with Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, and Toxoplasma gondii. Among the arthropods, we detected 6 cases of Ixodes sp., 5 of Phthirus pubis, 1 of Sarcoptes scabiei, and 1 of fly larva. The results revealed that trichuriasis, anisakiasis, enterobiasis, and diphyllobothriasis were the most frequently found parasitosis among the clinical samples.  相似文献   

20.
Women with cervical smears showing borderline nuclear abnormality (BNA), or reactive changes in the form of squamous metaplasia (SM) or endocervical cell hyperplasia (ECH), were age-matched with healthy controls to determine the outcome of these conditions. No significant difference in the risk of dyskaryosis was observed in cases showing reactive changes and the controls. In contrast, there was a 23% excess of cases showing dyskaryosis in the repeat smears of cases of BNA over the controls. An odds ratio of 8.3 was obtained, showing dyskaryosis in subsequent smears after a diagnosis of BNA.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号