牛布鲁菌S19噬菌体裂解物主动免疫诱导的血清IgG保护豚鼠并可被动免疫保护小鼠

正布鲁菌病是全球范围内一种对经济有重大影响的人畜共患病。作者2015年曾报道过使用布鲁菌噬菌体"ΦLd"制备抗牛布鲁菌S19的噬菌体裂解物的方法。此项研究中,在使用裂解物固定剂量(两倍小鼠100%的保护剂量)的情况下,用豚鼠直接攻毒和小鼠被动保护试验(PMPT)评估了不含佐剂和以铝凝胶为佐剂的两种裂解物的预防功效。与S19疫苗相比,低剂量(1.0μg蛋白质和120μg碳水化     

非编码小RNA BSR0602在布鲁菌环境适应能力中的调控作用

BSR0602是位于布鲁菌染色体上的非编码小RNA,在前期研究中我们发现,BSR0602与布鲁菌的胞内生存能力相关.为了进一步研究BSR0602对布鲁菌胞内环境适应能力的调控作用,采用双向电泳技术对布鲁菌野生株16M和BSR0602过表达株的全菌蛋白质谱进行比较分析.结果显示,BSR0602过表达后,布鲁菌转运代谢蛋白和压力适应蛋白的表达发生变化. qRT-PCR和HIS表位标记实验结果进一步证实,BSR0602在转录和翻译水平均影响氧压力适应蛋白SodA的表达.相关表型实验结果显示,BSR0602过表达株对氧压力更为敏感,证实了BSR0602在布鲁菌适应氧压力中的作用.结果表明,非编码小RNA BSR0602作为布鲁菌的转录后调控因子,可通过调控压力适应蛋白的表达来影响布鲁菌的压力适应能力和胞内生存.     

121株甲型副伤寒病原菌的噬菌体型和脉冲场凝胶电泳型

目的认识甲型副伤寒疫病区甲型副伤寒沙门菌的噬菌体型和脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）型,确定噬菌体型和PFGE型之间的关系以及菌型的分布和流行率。方法采用沙门菌组合噬菌体和SpeI、XbaI消化染色体DNA的PFGE对来自玉溪市7县（区）的121株甲型副伤寒菌进行分型。结果121株菌存在4个完全噬菌体型或1个噬菌体型;用SpeI或XbaI消化产物分别得出以SpeI01、SpeI02或XbaI01占优势的5种或4种PFGE型,SpeI01型和SpeI02型分别占37．2％和57．9％,XbaI01型占95．1％。结论121株菌的噬菌体型与PFGE型之间无一致性联系,PFGE型的SpeI01和SpeI02或XbaI01是玉溪地区的主要流行型,采用SpeI和XbaI的PFGE是鉴别甲型副伤寒菌流行克隆的一项有用技术。     

应用噬菌体肽库筛选能封阻霍乱噬菌体VP1转染菌细胞的寡肽

噬菌体感染细菌首先要吸附于细菌表面受体 ,从目前报道的细菌与噬菌体相互作用的研究中发现 ,这些受体包括细菌细胞外膜上的蛋白、糖脂结构和鞭毛等。霍乱弧菌是霍乱的病原体 ,高守一等 (副霍乱资料汇编 ,1 984,2 37～ 2 4 5 .)从国内分离并选择出 5株噬菌体 (VP1～VP5 ) ,根据霍乱弧菌菌株对噬菌体的敏感性不同 ,将埃尔托型霍乱弧菌分为 32个噬菌体型。结合生物学分型方法 ,可区分埃尔托型霍乱弧菌的两类不同菌株 (流行株和非流行株 )和不同菌型。对各种来源的菌株进行分型 ,可作为一种追溯传染来源、传播途径和分析流行形式的流行病学研…     

per基因突变对布鲁菌稳定性的影响

目的:构建过骨胺酸合成酶基因(per)敲除的布鲁菌,研究per基因对布鲁菌株稳定性的影响。方法:构建p MD19-T:kan敲除载体,电击转化至流产布鲁菌,体内同源重组敲除per基因,分析per基因敲除对布鲁菌遗传特征和稳定性的影响。结果:构建了per基因敲除的流产布鲁菌株,per缺失突变布鲁菌连续传代培养后,测序分析未发现回复突变,品红及硫堇培养鉴定符合布鲁菌特征。结论:布鲁菌基因组per基因的缺失突变不影响布鲁菌的遗传稳定性,为研制布鲁菌per基因减毒突变疫苗提供了依据。     

甲型副伤寒杆菌抗噬菌体及生物膜形成基因的筛选及鉴定

细菌生物膜(bacterial biofilm,BF)与大部分的细菌感染相关,有助于病原菌抵抗外部不利的环境,包括抗生素和抗噬菌体等.为了研究生物膜和抗噬菌体的作用机制,本文以6株抗噬菌体甲型副伤寒杆菌(副甲菌)突变菌作为研究对象,在Rif+(利福平)(200 mg/L)平板中划线并滴加噬菌体验证能否抗噬菌体,将6株突变菌接种于96孔板中,每组3个重复,观察其成膜能力以及生物膜的形态,定点突变和互补实验验证突变菌的噬菌体抗性是否由突变基因所引起.结果显示:划线平板中野生型副甲菌在滴加1.2×106个噬菌体处出现空缺,而6株突变菌在滴加2.4×109个噬菌体后仍能生长,表明6株突变菌具有抗噬菌体特性;6株突变菌中,σ-54依赖的翻译调节器突变菌成膜能力(A595=1.1±0.2)较野生型副甲菌(A595=0.5±0.1)显著性增强,且差异显著(P0.05),光学显微镜下菌体聚集成粗大的不规则团块;同源重组敲除野生型副甲菌σ-54依赖的翻译调节器,突变菌出现噬菌体抗性,将表达σ-54依赖的翻译调节器的载体转化该突变菌,突变菌又恢复了噬菌体敏感性.结果表明,σ-54依赖的翻译调节器是抗噬菌体和生物膜形成相关的基因.     

宿主菌富集空肠弯曲菌噬菌体培养条件的优化

【背景】开发噬菌体产品是一种防控空肠弯曲菌有潜力的策略,但是面临噬菌体分离的挑战。【目的】运用响应面法对宿主菌富集空肠弯曲菌噬菌体的培养条件进行优化。【方法】通过单因素试验分析培养基、培养温度、培养转速、离子添加剂对噬菌体富集效果的影响,以噬菌体回收率为评价指标,采用响应面法优化了空肠弯曲菌噬菌体的富集培养条件。【结果】在37℃条件下进行静置培养时,噬菌体富集培养效果最佳,回收率为354.12%。分离噬菌体的过程包括采样并制备滤液、宿主菌与样品滤液共培养及噬菌体分离与鉴定等环节。应用此方法从鸡粪便中分离空肠弯曲菌噬菌体,与传统的单斑法相比,噬菌体分离率提高了269.23%。【结论】研究优化的宿主菌富集噬菌体培养方法可提高空肠弯曲菌噬菌体的分离效率,为噬菌体的研究提供思路。     

布鲁菌毒力因子研究进展

布鲁菌是一种兼性细胞内寄生菌,能够严重地导致人畜共患布鲁菌病。本文就影响布鲁菌致病能力的毒力因子进行综述。     

试用噬菌体对副溶血弧菌分型研究

应用噬菌体分型是在疾病发生流行时追索传染源和传播途径等流行病学调查中的一种有效手段。该文作者采用自行分离的8株副溶血弧菌噬菌体对实验室保存的214株副溶血弧菌试做了分型研究,结果分型率为89．72％,检出36个不同的噬菌体型,其中以400（1963％）、100（9．35％）、300（7％）、010（6．54％）、440（6．07）、220（4．76％）和200（4．21％）等7个型较常见,占总分型菌的57．480％但从本次试验结果表明福建地区的副溶血弧菌的噬菌体型分布较复杂,型别多且分散,可能与本次的供试     

噬菌体ΦEc-SL25对大肠埃希菌临床分离株裂解作用的研究

目的分离鉴定大肠埃希菌噬菌体并分析其裂解特性,为噬菌体疗法应用于大肠埃希菌感染提供实验依据。方法采用双层琼脂噬斑法从污水中分离噬菌体,通过透射电镜观察噬菌体的形态学特征,利用限制性酶切图谱初步分析噬菌体的基因组,测定噬菌体对宿主菌的最佳感染复数和一步生长曲线,分析噬菌体对宿主菌的裂解谱,观察噬菌体在不同的pH及温度下对宿主菌的裂解特性,SDS-PAGE分析噬菌体的主要和次要蛋白。结果通过噬斑法从污水中分离出1株能裂解大肠埃希菌的噬菌体,命名为ΦEc-SL25;电镜显示,噬菌体ΦEc-SL25的形态特征符合有尾病毒目、管尾病毒科噬菌体;ΦEc-SL25的最佳感染复数为0.01;一步生长曲线表明,噬菌体ΦEc-SL25的潜伏期为5 min,爆发期为10 min;ΦEc-SL25对26株大肠埃希菌的裂解率可达30.8%;在温度70℃20min时以及在pH 4~10的范围内,噬菌体ΦEc-SL25仍保持其裂解活性;蛋白电泳可观察到2条主要蛋白带和至少3条次要蛋白。结论噬菌体ΦEc-SL25是一种潜伏期短、裂解较性强的毒性噬菌体,可用于开发针对大肠埃希菌感染的生物制剂。     

Oxidative metabolic profiles of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals: contribution to their species classification

Since the 1990s, Brucella strains not matching the characteristics of any of the six conventional species have been isolated worldwide from marine mammals. In this study, 31 Brucella strains isolated from various marine mammals were examined for their oxidative metabolic pattern on 12 amino-acid and carbohydrate substrates. Three main oxidative profiles different from those of the Brucella terrestrial mammal strains were identified for the marine mammal strains: one gathering strains isolated from pinnipeds and two gathering strains from cetaceans. Thus, both oxidative metabolism results and previous molecular studies are in agreement with the proposal of two new Brucella species, Brucella pinnipediae and Brucella cetaceae, to classify the Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals, and are also in accordance with a classification of species of the Brucella genus based on host preference.     

Molecular evidence of new variant Brucella in North Pacific common minke whales

Brucella, a causative agent of brucellosis, has been isolated recently from a variety of marine mammals. The molecular analysis of marine mammalian Brucella strains, without manifest pathology of brucellosis in the eastern North Atlantic, showed that they are distinct from terrestrial Brucella species. Previously, we reported abnormal gonads in common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in the western North Pacific and suggested the presence of Brucella infection in the whales in pathology and serology studies. In the present study, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Brucella was detected in granular testes of the whales showing caseation or calcification. The insertion of an IS711 transposable element specific for marine mammal isolates as well as a seal isolate-specific DNA fragment were also found. Molecular characterization of Brucella based on sequence analysis of the PCR products amplified from the outer membrane protein (omp) 2 gene showed that the Brucella from North Pacific common minke whales was different from terrestrial and North Atlantic marine mammal Brucella strains. The North Pacific Brucella showed the highest similarity to North Atlantic seal strains among the known Brucella strains.     

Brucella melitensis B115-based complement fixation test to detect antibodies induced by Brucella rough strains

Aims:  To assess the efficiency of a Brucella melitensis B115 rough strain, naturally devoid of anticomplementary activity, used as antigen in a complement fixation test (CFT) to detect antibodies induced by Brucella strains with rough phenotype, such as Brucella abortus RB51, Brucella ovis and Brucella canis .
Methods and Results:  Complement fixation testing was performed on sera from RB51-vaccinated cattle and buffaloes, B. ovis -infected sheep and B. canis -infected dogs using B115, RB51 and the hot saline extract (HSE) as antigens. The B115-based CFT proved highly sensitive and specific in detecting rough antibodies and its efficiency was comparable with that of RB51 and HSE-based CFT.
Conclusions:  Brucella melitensis B115 can be successfully used as an antigen in CFT to detect antibodies induced by Brucella rough strains.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  Brucella melitensis B115 antigen may represent an improvement over Brucella rough strains for Brucella antibody detection by CFT, thus enhancing the efficiency of brucellosis surveillance systems. Owing to the absence of anticomplementary activity, it does not require particular growth conditions or modifications and can be accurately standardized. The B115-based CFT may constitute a suitable supplementary test for the diagnosis of human infections owing to rough Brucellae .     

Advanced multiplex PCR assay for differentiation of Brucella species

Two new primer sets of a 766- and a 344-bp fragment were introduced into the conventional Bruce-ladder PCR assay. This novel multiplex PCR assay rapidly and concisely discriminates Brucella canis and Brucella microti from Brucella suis strains and also may differentiate all of the 10 Brucella species.     

上海地区散发布氏杆菌感染的细菌学及分子鉴定

目的 本研究对我院的1例散发布氏杆菌病患者进行细菌学及分子生物学的分析,并在国内首次尝试了用数目可变串联重复单元(VNTR)分子指纹分析法对其进行了基因分型并和国际流行株进行了分子流行病学比较分析。方法 对临床疑似布氏杆菌病病例作血液细菌培养与生化鉴定,进一步作布氏杆菌特异性基因片段的序列分析鉴定以及利用布氏杆菌基因组中的8个位点构建VNTR指纹图谱,参照国际布氏杆菌VNTR数据库,构建布氏杆菌基因系统树。结果 用细菌学方法确定散发疑似布氏杆菌病病例体内分离到的为布氏杆菌,通过基因序列分析进一步得到证实,但不能鉴定到生物种和生物型。对分离株作VNTR指纹分析提示该散发布氏杆菌病为猪2型布氏杆菌感染所致。结论 通过传统细菌培养方法与布氏杆菌VNTR指纹分析可用于我国布氏杆菌病分子流行病学的系统调查。     

Phospholipids of bacteria of Brucella genus

The phospholipid composition of 6 Brucella species (B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, B. ovis. B. canis, B. neotomae) and Australian mouse-derived strains of Brucella N 4, 11, 12 were studied. Comparison of phospholipid composition of Brucella cells with that of serologically related microorganisms revealed that all Brucella biotypes contain phosphatidyl-(N-methyl)ethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine while Y. enterocolitica, Sh. disenteriae, E. coli cells do not contain these two substances. It is concluded that the specific phospholipid pattern of Brucella biotypes may be useful in typing of new Brucella strains.     

不同种型布鲁菌间的基因获得与缺失研究

目的:了解不同种型布鲁菌间的基因差异及基因的获得与缺失情况。方法:采用生物信息学方法比较分析已测序的10株布鲁菌基因水平的差异,分析它们的核心基因组与泛基因组,对得到的差异基因用PCR验证其在19株不同生物型标准菌株中的分布情况。结果:不同种型布鲁菌在基因水平上存在较大差异,差异基因主要位于Ⅱ号染色体上;根据差异基因,鉴定了42个差异区段,这些差异区段在19株不同生物型标准菌株中存在差异分布。结论:布鲁菌在进化过程中分别获得或失去了不同的基因区段,从而适应不同的宿主环境。     

Taxonomic Position in the Genus Brucella of the Causative Agent of Canine Abortion

The gram-negative organism causing abortion in dogs was examined in parallel with cultures representative of the Brucella species and with Bordetella bronchiseptica. The organism fits into the genus Brucella and most closely resembles B. suis on the basis of its growth characteristics. It is of rough colonial morphology and is agglutinated by antisera prepared against rough Brucella. In mouse toxicity tests, no endotoxic activity could be demonstrated. In contrast to most Brucella cultures, it does not utilize erythritol. Electron microscopy showed a cell wall structure similar to that of other gram-negative organisms. The question of whether the organism should be designated Brucella canis, as proposed by Carmichael and Bruner, or Brucella suis biotype 5 is discussed. The authors favor the designation Brucella canis because the organism lacks the lipopolysaccharide antigen associated with the smooth agglutinogen and endotoxin, and it does not utilize erythritol.     

Type III secretion homologs are present in Brucella melitensis,B. ovis,and B. suis biovars 1, 2, and 3

Protein sequences from characterized type III secretion (TTS) systems were used as probes in silico to identify several TTS gene homologs in the genome sequence of Brucella suis biovar 1 strain 1330. Four of the genes, named flhB, fliP, fliR, and fliF on the basis of greatest homologies to known flagellar apparatus proteins, were targeted in PCR and hybridization assays to determine their distribution among other Brucella nomen species and biovars. The results indicated that flhB, fliP, fliR and fliF are present in Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis biovars 1, 2 and 3. Similar homologos have been reported previously in Brucella abortus. Using RT-PCR assays, we were unable to detect any expression of these genes. It is not yet known whether the genes are the cryptic remnants of a flagellar system or are actively involved in a process contributing to pathogenicity or previously undetected motility, but they are distributed widely in Brucella and merit further study to determine their role.     

Rapid detection of Brucella spp. by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method

Aims:  To develop a rapid and sensitive method for detecting Brucella spp.
Methods and Results:  Two sets of six Brucella -specific primers for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) were designed from the sequence of the Brucella abortus BCSP31 gene. The specificity and sensitivity were examined for six Brucella species (22 strains) and 18 non- Brucella species (28 strains). The LAMP assay was specific to Brucella spp. in 35 min at 63°C and sensitive (detected 10 fg of genomic DNA). The assay was also applied for the detection of Brucella DNA in contaminated milk and infected mouse organs.
Conclusions:  We developed a sensitive and specific LAMP assay for Brucella spp., with the test appearing to be useful for the detection of the pathogen from clinical and food samples.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  This is the first report of the development of LAMP for the detection of Brucella spp. As the LAMP assay can be performed at a constant temperature and its reactivity is directly observed with the naked eye without electrophoresis, our assay should be useful for the diagnosis of brucellosis as well as the detection of the bacteria in environmental or food samples.