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1.
李成  钱天宇  章文艳  李明喜  江建平 《生态学报》2024,44(21):9989-9999
野生动物路杀严重影响道路使用者和动物,导致人员伤亡、重大经济损失和高昂的生物多样性成本。降低路杀死亡率在野生动物保护、平安交通和发展经济等方面具有重要意义。两栖爬行动物是受路杀影响的主要野生脊椎动物类群,因此,监测和评估路域两栖爬行动物多样性的变化并确定其影响机制是一个紧迫的问题。总结了两栖爬行动物路杀的关键影响因素,展示了路杀对种群和遗传多样性的效应,并介绍了较为有效的保护方法和工程措施。中国具有丰富的两栖爬行动物,我国台湾地区于2011年构建了路杀监测网络,统计有123种两栖爬行动物受到路杀影响;中国大陆于2021年已建立相关路杀研究网络,统计有105种两栖爬行动物受到路杀影响。为了更好地保护和恢复两栖爬行动物多样性,努力减轻这些影响,需应用新技术和方法,如DNA条形码鉴定方法和无线电追踪技术,改进调查质量;加强道路的生态保护工程建设和管理措施,提高保护效果;推动中国生态保护和道路建设可持续发展规划,优先保护具有重要生态系统服务功能的地区。  相似文献   

2.
云南省爬行动物区系及地理区划   总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1  
何晓瑞  周希琴 《四川动物》2002,21(3):161-169
1 研究简史1 9世纪末 ,英国、美国及法国等学者先后进入云南考察爬行动物 ,地点主要是滇中及滇西地区。Anderson ,J.(1 879)、Boulenger,C .(1 890、1 993、1 90 6)、Pope.C .H .(1 93 5 )等人均有报道。Boulenger发表了不少爬行动物新种。Pope 1 93 5年在美国纽约出版了“TheReptilesofChina”书中记述了云南爬行动物 61种。2 0世纪 2 0年代 ,我国学者张玺、成庆泰在云南作过考察 ,1 943及 1 946年曾有报道。 2 0世纪 5 0年代以后 ,赵尔宓、江耀明 (1 966) ,黄祝坚 (1 95 9)有考…  相似文献   

3.
中国爬行动物染色体研究名录   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
郭鹏 《动物学杂志》2000,35(2):37-43
我国在爬行动物染色体方面的研究已有20多年的历史,目前已积累了大量的资料.但是,由于资料零星而分散,迄今尚无人整理成文.而有关这类资料总结性工作,国外学者(尤其欧、美及日本)一直较为关注,先后有许多较为详细有关本地区的统计文献.为了反映我国爬行动物染色体的研究概况和进展,为该领域的研究者今后进一步研究提供一份较全面的参考文献,对我国已有的爬行动物染色体资料进行总结就显得十分必要.  相似文献   

4.
广西六万大山爬行动物调查研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从2002年6月至2008年11月对广西六万林场的爬行动物进行了调查研究,发现该地有爬行动物41种,隶属于3目12科34属.其中优势种4种,常见种11种,稀有种26种.区系成分以华南区、华中-华南区的成分占优势,兼有古北-东洋界(广布种)成分.物种组成与广西其他地区和广东肇庆七星岩地区有一定的相似性.  相似文献   

5.
河南省爬行动物地理区划研究   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
本文首次对河南省爬行动物区系特征及其地理区划进行了研究。河南省现生爬行动物计 3目 8科 4 0种 ,可划分为桐柏、大别山地丘陵、伏牛山地丘陵盆地、豫西豫西北山地丘陵台地和黄淮海平原共 4个动物地理省。各动物地理省的自然环境、爬行动物组成、种群数量及区系特征均予描述分析。研究发现河南省爬行动物新记录种 4种 ,即双全白环蛇、赤峰锦蛇、黄链蛇、山烙铁头蛇  相似文献   

6.
2002~2005年对井冈山国家级自然保护区的爬行动物进行了调查,发现当地5种新记录:乌龟(Chinemys reevsii)、平胸龟(Platyternon megacephalum)、多疣壁虎(Gekko japonicus)、银环蛇(Bungarus muhicinctus)和短尾蝮(Agkistrodon brevicaudus)。井冈山自然保护区共有爬行动物41种,隶属于3目9科27属,其中蛇类占80.49%。保护区的爬行动物以东洋界种为主占总数的82.93%,其次是广布种占总数的17.07%,无古北界种。结果表明井冈山自然保护区爬行动物种类丰富,这与保护区所处的地理位置和特殊的地形和气候条件等相关。  相似文献   

7.
昆明地区共有爬行动物42种,隶3目10科27属.区系特点(1)物种很丰富——占云南省爬行类27 81%,占中国10 19%,超过16省区;(2)东洋界种类占绝对优势——共39种,占92 86%;(3)西南区种类很多——有22种,占东洋界种数56 41%;(4)特有种较多——昆明特有种3种,云南特有种4种,中国特有15种,占35 71%;(5)模式产地种类多——模式产地在昆明的9种,在云南的11种,在中国的24种,占57 14%.数量状况优势种有半叶跳虎及八线腹链蛇2种,占4 76%;普通种9种,占21 43%;稀有种31种,占73 81%.  相似文献   

8.
重庆市爬行动物物种多样性研究及保护   总被引:6,自引:4,他引:6  
罗键  高红英  周元媛 《四川动物》2004,23(3):249-256
1996~2004年对重庆市35个县(区、市)进行野外调查采集,结合有关资料记载,重庆市共有爬行动物2目12科38属58种,其中龟鳖目4种,有鳞目蜥蜴亚目12种、蛇亚目42种(含重庆市蛇类新记录3属4种)。建议加强对该市爬行动物物种多样性及其生境的保护,合理利用爬行动物资源。  相似文献   

9.
蜓白天有两个活动高峰期,第一个出现在8∶00-12∶00,第二个出现在16∶00-18∶00。雨天蜓基本不活动。蜓属肉食性种类,其食谱包括几乎所有在其栖息地分布的陆生无脊椎动物。蜓胃内容物中各类无脊椎动物的数量百分比与栖息地陆生无脊椎动物不同种类数量百分比之间呈显著正相关,表明蜓的食物组成依赖于周围环境中的动物组成。蜓的性比♀/(♀+♂)=078,雌性个体显著多于雄性个体。雌性个体胎仔数平均661±043只。蜓捕获前的自然断尾率为2414%,表明蜓承受着较大的捕食压力。  相似文献   

10.
河北沧州地区两栖爬行动物多样性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2001年5月~2007年10月对沧州地区的两栖爬行动物进行了调查,共记录两栖爬行动物21种,分隶于3目10科14属.其中两栖纲1目3科3属6种;爬行纲2目7科11属15种,其中外来种3种,本地种2目5科8属12种.区系成分以广布种和古北种为主.  相似文献   

11.
    
Leaving the water to bask (usually in the sun) is a common behavior for many freshwater turtles, with some species also engaging in “nocturnal basking.” Ectoparasite removal is an obvious hypothesis to explain nocturnal basking and has also been proposed as a key driver of diurnal basking. However, the efficacy of basking, day or night, to remove leeches has not been experimentally tested. Therefore, we examined the number of leeches that were removed from Krefft''s river turtles (Emydura macquarii krefftii) after experimentally making turtles bask at a range of times of day, durations, and temperatures. Turtles had high initial leech loads, with a mean of 32.1 leeches per turtle. Diurnal basking under a heat lamp for 3 hr at ~28°C significantly reduced numbers of leeches relative to controls. In diurnal trials, 90.9% of turtles lost leeches (mean loss of 7.1 leeches per turtle), whereas basking for 30 min under the same conditions was not effective (no turtles lost leeches, and all turtles were still visibly wet). Similarly, “nocturnal basking” at ~23°C for 3 hr was not effective at removing leeches. Only 18% of turtles lost leeches (one turtle lost one leech and another lost four leeches). Diurnal basking outdoors under direct sunlight for 20 min (mean temp = 34.5°C) resulted in a small reduction in leeches, with 50% of turtles losing leeches and an average loss of 0.7 leeches per turtle. These results indicate basking can remove leeches if temperatures are high or basking durations are long. However, it was only effective at unusually long basking durations in this system. Our data showed even the 20‐min period was longer than 70.1% of natural diurnal basking events, many of which took place at cooler temperatures. Therefore, leech removal does not appear to be the purpose of the majority of basking events.  相似文献   

12.
Circadian rhythms of amphibians and reptiles in the field and under semi-natural conditions and the underlying mechanisms, including the ways of entrainment to environmental cues and the oscillators driving the rhythms, have been reviewed. Studies on the behavioral rhythms in the field are meager in both amphibians and reptiles. In anuran amphibians, Xenopus adults showed more robust nocturnal locomotor activity than did tadpoles. This indicates the ecological significance of the differences in activity pattern shown by amphibians at different life stages, because differences between adults and young in the same environment may serve to isolate partially the young from the adults' cannibalism. In reptiles, free-running rhythms are more robust and continue for a longer time compared to amphibians. In both amphibians and reptiles, multi-photoreceptors are involved in photo-entrainment of circadian rhythms. The eyes, pineal complex and deep brain comprise a multi-oscillator system as well as a multi-photoreceptor system.  相似文献   

13.
14.
    
A data logger originally developed for the study of homing routes in birds was adapted for monitoring the activity patterns of the European pond turtle Emys orbicularis and tested on wild specimens from a Central Italian population. The set of sensors included a compass, water switches, an activity sensor and a thermocouple. The compass allowed us to record the orientation of the turtle's body axis, but also provided information on the temporal pattern of activity, thus adding to the information from the activity sensor. The water switches allowed us to distinguish between immersion and complete or partial emersion, while the thermocouple furnished data on surface temperature. The system provided new detailed information on the behaviour of wild E. orbicularis, in particular the daily patterns of activity, including basking, and overwintering habits.  相似文献   

15.
    
Vertebrates' roadkill impacts many species in natural areas. However, data on this topic in the Amazon domain are still scarce, especially within protected areas. In this study, we analysed data from 2 years of monitoring amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds' roadkill on five types of terrestrial transport infrastructure in a protected area in the Brazilian Amazon. We tested which vertebrate classes and feeding guilds were most recorded, the influence of seasonality and the spatial pattern of roadkill. In the studied area, 2795 roadkills were recorded, with amphibians suffering the most casualties. Most of the roadkills occurred during the rainy season (57%). Correcting the roadkill data using observer efficiency and carcass persistence time data, we concluded that mortality rates might be underestimated by up to 40 times when compared to raw data. There was no significant difference between feeding guilds concerning the number of fatalities, and rainfall and temperature significantly affected the roadkill pattern of all vertebrate classes. The spatial pattern of roadkill varied between traffic routes and vertebrate class types. The results indicate that amphibians are the most common victims of roadkill, although they are neglected in many roadkill monitoring. Consequently, mitigation strategies should prioritize periods with the highest mortality rates, as rainfall and temperature influence the frequency of these accidents. In addition, different classes of vertebrates have different patterns of impact concentration along traffic routes, which makes mitigation planning more complex. Therefore, planning to reduce vertebrate deaths from roadkill must consider each taxon's particularity and seasonality.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Abstract

The Influence of Short Periods of Lighting with Different Wavelengths on the Orcadian Changes of the Enzymatic Digestive Activities in Palaemon serratus (Crustacea, Natantia)

The effect of light on the circadian rhythms of digestive activities in the Shrimp Palaemon serratus have been studied.

  1. Continuous darkness leads in a few days to a disappearance of the variations of the circadian rhythms of digestive enzymes while these rhythms go on in continuous light.

  2. Short (1 or 2 hrs) and low intensity flashes of white light are effective in bringing on the reappearance of rhythmic variations in darkness.

  3. We have been able to establish an isoquantic spectrum of action of the light. Two values of wavelength appears to account for a maximum sensibility of the shrimp: one in ultraviolet light and an other one, more important, in the green (λ=544 nm).

  4. In green light it is possible to obtain the same effect of light by decreasing the time of stimulation to 5 or 10 mn and in increasing the total quantity of energy. Significant responses are obtained with total energy greater than 10000 pE. cm‐2.

  相似文献   

18.
19.
大熊猫的昼夜活动节律   总被引:17,自引:3,他引:14  
本文采用无线电遥测、跟踪和直接观察等方法,研究了四川卧龙自然保护区野外5只大熊猫1981-1982年的昼夜活动。大熊猫昼夜有两个活动高峰,最高是18:00时,次高是04:00时;有两个低谷,最低是09:00时,次低是24:00时;年平均昼夜活动率为57-66%。  相似文献   

20.
The circadian activity rhythm of the common marmoset, Callithrix j. jacchus was investigated by long-term recording of the locomotor activity of 15 individuals (5 males, 10 females) from 1.5 to 8 years old, both under constant illumination and under LD 12:12. The mean period of the spontaneous circadian rhythm was 23.2 ± 0.3 h. Neither sex-specific differences nor a systematic influence of light intensity on the spontaneous period were observed, but the period was dependent on the duration of the trial and on the age of the individual. Due to the short spontaneous period, in LD 12:12 there was a distinct advance of the activity phase with respect to the light time and a masking of the true onset of activity by the inhibitory direct effect of low light intensity during the dark time. After an 8 h delay shift of the LD 12:12, re-entrainment of the circadian activity rhythm required an average of 6.8 ± 0.7 days; the average re-entrainment time after an 8 h phase advance of the LD cycle was 8.6 ± 1.3 day. This directional effect is ascribed to characteristics of the phase-response curve. No ultradian components were observed, either in the LD-entrained or the free-running circadian activity rhythm.  相似文献   

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