安徽省玄参科一新记录属─水茫草属

报道了安徽省玄参科一新记录属-水茫草属(Limosella L.),及一新记录种-水茫草(Limosella aquatica L.).     

中国水生植物新记录属——钻叶荠属(十字花科)

报道中国十字花科一新记录属¾钻叶荠属Subularia L. 及一新记录种¾钻叶荠S. aquatica L.。     

中国大戟科一新记录属——小果木属

报道了中国大戟科一新记录属——小果木属(Micrococca Benth.)。小果木Micrococca mercurialis(L.)Benth.首次在海南发现。     

陕西省百合科一新记录属——独尾草属

报道了陕西省百合科一新记录属——独尾草属(Eremurus M.Bieb.),及一新记录种——独尾草(Eremurus chinensis Fedtsch.).     

福建省莎草科一新记录属——剑叶莎属

报道福建省莎草科一新记录属——剑叶莎属(Machaerina Vahl),一新记录种——圆叶剑叶莎[Machaerina rubiginosa (Sol. ex G. Forst.) T. Koyama],凭证标本存放于福建农林大学林学院树木标本室(FJFC)。     

贵州省藜芦科一新记录属——白丝草属

报道贵州省藜芦科一新记录属——白丝草属Chamaelirium Willd.,一新记录种——中国白丝草Chamaelirium chinense (K. Krause) N. Tanaka,并对该种的形态特征、生境、分类变动进行描述及讨论。     

秀雅羊耳蒜,中国羊耳蒜属(兰科)一新记录种

报道了兰科羊耳蒜属一新记录种——秀雅羊耳蒜(Liparis elegans Lindl.),并提供了详细的形态描述和照片。本种与近缘种细茎羊耳蒜(L. condylobulbon Rchb. f.)和L. parviflora (Blume) Lindley的区别是:卵状假鳞茎较短,花序直立,花不倒置,花梗和子房较短等。     

陕西省萝藦科一新记录属——吊灯花属

报道了陕西省萝藦科一新记录属——吊灯花属(Ceropegia Linn.)及一新记录种——宝兴吊灯花(Ceropegia paoshingensis Tsiang et P.T.Li)。     

陕西兰科一新记录属--套叶兰属

报道了陕西省兰科一新记录属——套叶兰属（Hippeophyllum Schltr.）及一新记录种——套叶兰（Hippeophyllum sinicwn S. C. Chen et K. Y. Lang）。     

山柰属一新异名

童绍全最近在《植物分类学报》33(5):499.1995发表土田七属Stahlianthus一新种:红缘土田七S.rubro-marginatus S.Q.Tong。经核对上述文献确认系山柰属中的老种Kaempferia parviflora Wall.ex Baker,特予归并。查该种根茎深紫色或灰黑色;花序非生于真正封闭的钟状总苞内;唇瓣倒卵形,长1.3cm,先端微2裂,紫红色,边缘变淡直至近     

外来植物黄顶菊（Flaveria bidentis）的研究进展

黄顶菊(Flaveria bidentis)是近年来新发现的一种外来植物,隶属菊科黄菊属,为一年牛草本,是较为少见的双子叶C4植物.黄顶菊异常强大的繁殖能力和牛存能力已使其成为一种潜在的入侵植物.对黄顶菊的译名、生物及生态学特性、遗传学及次生代谢产物的研究状况进行了概述;重点对黄菊属植物的系统进化史、光合生理特性与C4途径演化的关系,以及黄顶菊体内碳酸酐酶、NADP-苹果酸酶、苹果酸脱氢酶Rubisco及其活化酶等C4光合重要酶的分子及基因工程研究进行了综述;并对今后的研究提出了展望.     

外来入侵种黄顶菊及其伴生植物光合特性初步研究

以不同生育期的外来入侵植物黄顶菊及其4种伴生杂草为材料,在实验网室条件下测定比较了它们的基本光合和叶绿素荧光特性,从而探讨黄顶菊具有高生物量及较强入侵性的原因,为其防控提供理论依据.结果表明:(1)5种植物的净光合速率日变化均呈单峰曲线,黄顶菊净光合速率以现蕾期最高,且大于其他4种伴生杂草;(2)3个生长时期的黄顶菊水分利用效率低于棒头草,高于齿果酸模和曼陀罗,而与反枝苋相当,显示较高的抗旱性;(3)影响5种植物光合速率主要因子为非气孔因素,影响黄顶菊以及棒头草、反枝苋等的主要生态因子是光合有效辐射,显示出其较强的喜光特性;(4)5种植物在午间较强的光照条件下均发生了不同程度光抑制,处于现蕾期和开花期的黄顶菊以及其余3种植物午间的Fv/Fm有轻微下降,其PSⅡ实际光化学效率维持在较高的水平.可见,黄顶菊具有较强的光合能力,更适应于在夏季高温干旱的环境下生长,从而表现出较强的入侵性.     

黄顶菊小孢子发生与雄配子体发育的研究

利用常规石蜡切片技术,观察了黄顶菊小孢子发生及雄配子体发育过程.结果表明:(1)花药具4个花粉囊,花药肇发育为基本型,由4层细胞构成一表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层,绒毡层属于变形型,其细胞为双核;(2)从孢原细胞出现到二细胞花粉粒形成,同一花药四个花粉囊的发育不同步;(3)孢原细胞为单孢原起源;小孢子母细胞减数分裂为连续型,形成的四分体为四而体型排列;(4)成熟花粉粒为二细胞型,三个萌发孔,花粉外壁具有明显的刺,偶尔观察到巨大花粉;(5)小孢子母细胞时期,花药壁中层毗邻绒毡层的一面产生外绒毡层膜,包被绒毡层和小孢子母细胞.     

In vitro plant regeneration from leaf explants of C3 and C3-C4-intermediate Flaveria species

Summary A procedure is described for the invitro regeneration of whole plants of Flaveria cronquistii (C₃ species) F. pubescens and F. chloraefolia (both C₃-C₄ intermediate species) using different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine and alpha-napnthalenic acid.Abbreviations BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - NAA alpha-naphthalenic acid - MS medium Murashige-Skoog-medium     

外来物种黄顶菊花器官分化的初步研究

利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了黄顶菊(Flaveria bidentis(L.)Kuntz)花序发育过程中蝎尾状聚伞花序、头状花序和小花的形成.黄顶菊的花序由主轴及一至三级分枝组成,各级分枝交互对生,形成方式相同.植株主轴和侧枝顶端的每个花序由3～6个蝎尾状聚伞花序密集而成;每一蝎尾状聚伞花序由5～15个头状花序组成;每一头状花序中有4～11枚小花.小花分化顺序为5个花冠原基、5个雄蕊原基和2个心皮原基.2007年,天津地区黄顶菊的花期是7月下旬到9月下旬.7月中旬,花序和花器官原基不断形成并分化,至花器官成熟经历的时间约15 d.     

Flaveria Juss. (Compositae), a newly naturalized genus in

Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze, a newly naturalized genus and species of Compositae form Hebei and Tianjin, China, is described and illustrated. Flaveria Juss. is related to Tagetes L. and Gaillardia Fouger. in having phoranthium without chaffy bracts, but differs by having leaves opposite and decussate, base usually connate, capitula aggregated in flat-topped corymbose panicles or glomerulelike synflorescences in the apex of the branches, flower yellow, ligule floret 1 (rarely 2), pappus absent.     

Water-use efficiency and nitrogen-use efficiency of C(3) -C(4) intermediate species of Flaveria Juss. (Asteraceae)

Plants using the C(4) pathway of carbon metabolism are marked by greater photosynthetic water and nitrogen-use efficiencies (PWUE and PNUE, respectively) than C(3) species, but it is unclear to what extent this is the case in C(3) -C(4) intermediate species. In this study, we examined the PWUE and PNUE of 14 species of Flaveria Juss. (Asteraceae), including two C(3) , three C(4) and nine C(3) -C(4) species, the latter containing a gradient of C(4) -cycle activities (as determined by initial fixation of (14) C into C-4 acids). We found that PWUE, PNUE, leaf ribulose 1·5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) content and intercellular CO(2) concentration in air (C(i) ) do not change gradually with C(4) -cycle activity. These traits were not significantly different between C(3) species and C(3) -C(4) species with less than 50% C(4) -cycle activity. C(4) -like intermediates with greater than 65% C(4) -cycle activity were not significantly different from plants with fully expressed C(4) photosynthesis. These results indicate that a gradual increase in C(4) -cycle activity has not resulted in a gradual change in PWUE, PNUE, intercellular CO(2) concentration and leaf Rubisco content towards C(4) levels in the intermediate species. Rather, these traits arose in a stepwise manner during the evolutionary transition to the C(4) -like intermediates, which are contained in two different clades within Flaveria.     

Strategies of ROS regulation and antioxidant defense during transition from C3 to C4 photosynthesis in the genus Flaveria under PEG-induced osmotic stress

In the present study, we aimed to elucidate how strategies of reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation and the antioxidant defense system changed during transition from C₃ to C₄ photosynthesis, by using the model genus Flaveria, which contains species belonging to different steps in C₄ evolution. For this reason, four Flaveria species that have different carboxylation mechanisms, Flaveria robusta (C₃), Flaveria anomala (C₃–C₄), Flaveria brownii (C₄-like) and Flaveria bidentis (C₄), were used. Physiological (growth, relative water content (RWC), osmotic potential), and photosynthetical parameters (stomatal conductance (g_s), assimilation rate (A), electron transport rate (ETR)), antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductases(GR)) and their isoenzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidant contents (ascorbate, glutathione), NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content and lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS) were measured comparatively under polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) induced osmotic stress. Under non-stressed conditions, there was a correlation only between CAT (decreasing), APX and GR (both increasing) and the type of carboxylation pathways through C₃ to C₄ in Flaveria species. However, they responded differently to PEG-induced osmotic stress in regards to antioxidant defense. The greatest increase in H₂O₂ and TBARS content was observed in C₃F. robusta, while the least substantial increase was detected in C₄-like F. brownii and C₄F. bidentis, suggesting that oxidative stress is more effectively countered in C₄-like and C₄ species. This was achieved by a better induced enzymatic defense in F. bidentis (increased SOD, CAT, POX, and APX activity) and non-enzymatic antioxidants in F. brownii. As a response to PEG-induced oxidative stress, changes in activities of isoenzymes and also isoenzymatic patterns were observed in all Flaveria species, which might be related to ROS produced in different compartments of cells.     

黄顶菊的大孢子发生、雌配子体与胚胎发育

用常规石蜡制片对黄顶菊(Flaveria bidentis(L.) Kuntze)大孢子发生、雌配子体和胚胎的发育过程进行了观察.黄顶菊雌蕊柱头二裂,2心皮,1室,单胚珠,基生胎座,单珠被,薄珠心,倒生胚珠,具发达的珠被绒毡层.珠心表皮下分化出孢原细胞,孢原细胞直接发育为大孢子母细胞,大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成直列四分体...     

Genetic and physiological characterization of Flaveria linearis plants having a reduced activity of cytosolic fructose-1.6-bisphosphatase

We investigated the genetic control of cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cytFBPase) activity, and the relationships between sucrose synthesis capacity and photosynthesis, growth, flowering and whole-plant carbon partitioning in Flaveria linearis Lag. F₁; F₂, and selfed lines generated from plants with low or high cytFBPase activity were used. CytFBPase activity was controlled by one gene and inherited co-dominantly, giving three classes of activity (low, intermediate and high). Reversed O₂ sensitivity of photosynthesis, which indicates an end-product limitation on photosynthesis, was controlled by one gene and co-segregated with low cytFBPase activity. A low activity of cytFBPase decreased the growth rate. A recessive day-neutral flowering trait in Flaveria linearis did not co-segregate with cytFBPase activity. Plants with low cytFBPase activity had an increased shoot-to-root ratio, and flowering caused an additional shift in carbon partitioning to shoots only in plants with low cytFBPase activity. These data indicate that altering sucrose synthesis can affect photosynthesis and plant growth and development.