Structural insights to how mammalian capping enzyme reads the CTD code

Physical interaction between the phosphorylated RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) and cellular capping enzymes is required for efficient formation of the 5' mRNA cap, the first modification of nascent mRNA. Here, we report the crystal structure of the RNA guanylyltransferase component of mammalian capping enzyme (Mce) bound to a CTD phosphopeptide. The CTD adopts an extended β-like conformation that docks Tyr1 and Ser5-PO(4) onto the Mce nucleotidyltransferase domain. Structure-guided mutational analysis verified that the Mce-CTD interface is a tunable determinant of CTD binding and stimulation of guanylyltransferase activity, and of Mce function in?vivo. The location and composition of the CTD binding site on mammalian capping enzyme is distinct from that of a yeast capping enzyme that recognizes the same CTD primary structure. Thus, capping enzymes from different taxa have evolved different strategies to read the CTD code.     

RNA聚合酶II中的CTD结构在mRNA转录和加工偶联过程中的重要作用

RNA聚合酶II最大亚基末端的羧基端结构域（CTD）是由以七氨基酸（-Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser- Pro-Ser-）为重复单位的高度保守的重复序列组成的。因其结构与功能上的特殊性,它在近年来受到学术界的广泛关注。诸多的实验表明,该结构可通过与mRNA加工因子的相互作用而对其加工过程产生直接或间接的影响,在mRNA的转录和加工的偶联过程中具有重要的作用。本文即是根据近年来的实验结果对其结构和功能做出的综述性介绍。