Histo-functional interrelations of the atrial hemomicrocirculatory bed in ontogenesis

In 110 hearts of corpses of fetuses beginning from 7 months of age and those of persons up to the age of 86 years, using various histological techniques, as well as in 20 canine hearts, using certain histochemical techniques, interrelations of the hemomicrocirculatory bed, myocardiocytes, elements of the connective tissue have been studied. Application of correlative and analysis of variance makes it possible to reveal direction and significance of the connections between the structural components of the atrial walls, as well as influence of age on the parameters investigated. The interrelations and interconnections between separate components of the atrial structural organization are complex, they change in the process of individual development, reflect development of the atrial wall and the heart as a whole.     

Relation of visual evoked potentials to the integral characteristics of cognitive activity in 8- to 9-year-old children

Amplitude and temporal parameters of evoked potentials (EPs) in response to a checkerboard pattern, picture of a house, the Russian word "dom", meaning house, combination of letters "DMO" and a number of other stimuli, correlated with indices of the verbal, nonverbal, and general intelligence as well as with those of the cognitive style "field dependence-independence". Maximum number of statistically significant correlations was found in the course of comparison of integrative cognitive characteristics and parameters of EPs to stimuli with increased semantic complexity. No interhemispheric differences were found in the character of interrelations between cognitive characteristics and parameters of EPs to verbal and spatially structured stimuli.     

Formation of the muscular and neural components of the femoral artery wall of the dog in early postnatal ontogeny (an ultrastructural and histochemical study)

In puppies of various age (newborn, 2-week-old. 1- and 3-month-old) formation of smooth muscle and neural components in the femoral artery wall has been studied electron microscopically and histochemically. As demonstrate the electron microscopic data, the femoral artery wall is mainly formed by birth, nevertheless, structural components of its each tunic are at various stage of maturation and only by the 3d month the differentiation and specialization process of all cellular elements is fully completed. Owing to a combination of techniques used, it has been possible to follow the dynamics in formation of the innervation apparatus of the femoral artery. In the newborn animals the adrenergic apparatus of the femoral artery is presented mainly as thick fibers of a cable type; they form a plexus with loose loops at the periphery of the external tunic. Varicosities are scanty. By the 3d month there is a well developed network of the adrenergic fibers at the border of the middle and external vascular tunics. Some terminals penetrate into the muscular tunic. There is a great number of varicosities in the neural fiber axons. At the border of the middle and external tunics of the vessel, complex neuro-muscular interrelations are forming with an aim to bring functionally closer the main structural components of the wall. In the course of the early postnatal ontogenesis in dogs up to 3 months of age, in the femoral artery wall certain processes take place directed to ensure the neuroregulatory vasomotor properties of the vessel.     

EEG study of the functional organization of the right and left hemisphere during solution of verbal and spatial problems

In adult healthy right-handed subjects, the expression and degree of synchronization of the EEG alpha-range rhythmic components in different areas of the right and left hemispheres, were studied in a state of quiet wakefulness and during solving of verbal and spatial tasks presented in the visual field. The EEG of quiet wakefulness was characterized by different distribution of the alpha-range rhythmic components in the right and left hemispheres; in the right hemisphere low frequencies (7.5-10.5 c/s) were more expressed and more coherent; in the left one--the high frequencies (10.5-13.5 c/s). The solving of tasks was accompanied--along with a decrease of the whole alpha-range power spectra both in the right and the left hemispheres--by a local increase of synchronization of certain components of this range; the increase was specific to the hemisphere and the kind of task. The increase of synchronization of low-frequency components was observed in the right hemisphere during solving of the spatial task and that of the high-frequency components was noticed in the left hemisphere during solving of the verbal task. On the basis of the data on hemispheric specificity of electric activity synchronization of the alpha-rhythm, a suggestion is made about a different character of the functional integration of the structures of the right and left hemispheres in the process of solving of spatial and verbal tasks.     

Comparative study of interneuronal relations in the auditory cortex of awake and anesthetized cats

The character of interneuronal relations in the auditory cortex of alert and anaesthetized cats (nembutal) with chronicly inplanted electrodes was studied with the method of statistic analysis of cross-intervals of the two impulse series. The analysis of the histograms, obtained by means of processing a neuronal activity, showed that nembutal did not eliminate the dependent relations between neurones and that in the majority of cases the types of these relations are either retained or supplemented with new components. Experiments with a reduced dose of nembutal permitted to trace in time the changes in the amount of the inhibitory and excitatory interrelations in the anaesthetized state, and to compare these changes to the changes in the frequency of spike activity. It was found that nembutal predominantly suppresses the activity of the neurones, generating small spikes. The number of inhibitory connections is reduced simultaneously. Such synchroneity permits to assume the participation of the neurones generating small spikes in the establishment of inhibitory interrelations in the cat auditory cortex.     

EEG pattern as an instrument for evaluation of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying adaptation disorders

The method of statistical evaluation of probable interaction between the main constituents of bioelectrical activity of the brain (BEA) enables to reveal the character of intercentral relations both under normal conditions and at adaptation disorders of different severance. Several types of statistic interactions have been revealed between EEG components (SSIC) correlating with normal interrelations between cortex and subcortex, level of preferential involvement of non-specific brain formations (cortex, thalamic, hypothalamic and brain-stem) into the process, and the degree of instability of neuro-dynamic processes. The findings obtained have shown the degree of expression of adaptation disorders to be connected with gradual destruction of "functional nuclear" within alpha-range, amplification of statistical interrelations with beta-EEG and teta-EEG components and formation of pathological nuclear structures within the ranges aforesaid.     

Wavelet analysis and its application in investigation of brain potentials during verbal task solving

The components of event-related brain potentials during verbal tasks were investigated with the help of a new method ?? wavelet analysis. Using this method, in 415 ms from the beginning of the stimulus, maximum values of the higher frequency components were revealed in the left parietal zone. During repetition of a verbal task, a tendency to a decrease in amplitude values of the higher frequency components was observed.     

The dynamic and regional characteristics of the high-resolution EEG structure in voluntary activity]

For revealing the dynamics of interrelations between EEG components having stable tuning to individually determined frequencies a dynamical high resolution EEG structure analysis was used. There were three successive experimental stages: rest, motor reproduction of time interval and tapping. Significant increase of EEG components intercorrelations for the right frontal area, minimal number of significant relationships between EEG and movement temporal characteristics, and the occurrence of hemispheric asymmetry in the number of EEG-movement correlations were observed for time reproduction task. This task specifics and the possibilities of used approach for precise functional states differentiation are discussed.     

Characteristics of regression interrelations between the immune reactions to different staphylococcal strains in chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tracts

Regressive interrelations between antibody titers to 13 staphylococcal museum strains in the blood serum, polypous fluid and saliva of patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis and chronic tonsillitis were studied. The presence of sharply defined positive interrelations between antibody titers in the blood serum and polypous fluid of patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis with respect to all staphylococcal strains under study and the absence of significant interrelations between antibody titers in the blood serum and saliva of patients with chronic tonsillitis were shown. The problem of the importance of positive or negative interrelations between individual staphylococcal strains is discussed.     

Histochemical study of zinc]

A comparative pattern of zinc distribution in cells of verious organs is given, investigated under various experimental conditions, changing the functional state of cells. Topochemical interrelations of zinc, and the main histochemical components (nucleic acids, protein, enzymes etc.) are studied.     

A new approach to assessment of biological consequences of exposure to low-dose radiation

A high sensitivity of characteristics of the lipid metabolism in erythrocytes to exposure to low doses of gamma- and X-rays was found; the changes in lipid peroxidation (LPO) of blood components were persistent, which substantially influenced the development of biological consequences of low doses of radiation. The effect of low doses of radiation on the interrelation between the LPO intensity in blood plasma and the lymphocyte DNA structural integrity or the cell-free DNA content in animal blood plasma was found. Different sensitivity of the examined parameters (neither normalization nor linear dependence on a dose rate was found) implies the transition of the LPO regulatory system to another level of functioning due to scale changes of interrelations between the examined parameters under influence of low doses of radiation. These findings make possible to assess biological consequences of radiation factor for animal groups by the scale changes of interrelations between the examined characteristics in blood plasma.     

Histologic organization of the myocardium of the rat during hypokinesia (stereologic study)

For 30 days Wistar rats have been kept under conditions of hypokinesia. Using stereological methods, the volume and surface density of muscle fibers, microcirculatory bed and connective tissue components have been defined, and volumetric and surface--volume ratios of parenchymal and stromal structures have been calculated. Intracellular stereological parameters of the cardiac myocytes have been studied. Three-dimensional parameters in the parenchymatous-stromal interrelations of the atrophying myocardium accompanied with a deep rearrangement of the intracellular architectonics have been determined, as well as certain destructive changes of the cardiac myocyte ultrastructures. Such a treatment as a decreased functional loading is demonstrated to be the cause of cardiomyocytic lesions.     

Mathematical model for an evolutive and hierarchical living system, based on the theory of categories

The notion of an evolutive hierarchical system proposed here retains the following characteristics of some natural systems, like living organisms: they have an internal organization consisting of more or less complex components with interrelations; they maintain their organization in time although their components are changing; they may be studied at several complexity levels (e.g., molecular, cellular, ...). The idea is to model the state of the system at a given instant by a category, the state transition by a functor, a complex object by the (direct) limit of a pattern of linked objects (its own organization). The emergence of new properties for a complex object is measured, and a development process is described.     

The laws of cell energetics.

Recent progress in membrane bioenergetics studies has resulted in the important discovery that Na+ can effectively substitute for H+ as the energy coupling ion. This means that living cells can possess three convertible energy currencies, i.e. ATP, protonic and sodium potentials. Analysis of interrelations of these components in various types of living cells allows bioenergetic laws of universal applicability to be inferred.     

Mediator processes in the brain structures in the late periods after external and combined exposure to ionizing radiation

In experiments with mature Wistar male rats it was shown that X-radiation of 12.9 mCi/kg and the combined effect of X-rays and 131I of 6.5 mCi/kg changed the rate of mediator processes in the structures responsible for the hypothalamic function regulation. At remote times (6 months) following irradiation differences were observed in the discoordination of mediator interrelations associated with the peculiarities of the indirect effect of external and combined irradiation implemented via endocrine mechanism system.     

Peculiarities of interrelations of activation levels of frontal,temporal, and parietal cortex by parameters of ultraslow biopotentials in the 4–5-year-old children with the age norm and delayed speech development

Possibilities were considered of the integrative approach with use of parameters of the ultraslow informational-control brain and organism system in studying physiological grounds of the rest state, which determine structure and quality of the adaptive behavior. By using the proposal approach there were analyzed results of comparative studies of peculiarities of the wakefulness level, of its autonomous, hemodynamic, and oxygen-depended energy maintenance, and of activation levels and their interrelations in neocortical outputs of the brain systems of the frontal, temporal-parietal, and parietal cortex participating in organization of the higher integrative functions and speech in the 4–7-year-old children with the age norm of the general psychic and verbal development and with delay of the neuropsychic development, including development of speech.Translated from Zhurnal Evolyutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii, Vol. 40, No. 5, 2004, pp. 455–468.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Ilyukhina, Krivoshchapova, Matveev, Ponomareva, Shaptilei.To the 100-Anniversary of N. N. Traugott     

Detection of quadratic phase coupling between EEG signal components by nonparamatric and parametric methods of bispectral analysis]

Recently the assumption of the independence of individual frequency components in a signal has been rejected, for example, for the EEG during defined physiological states such as sleep or sedation [9, 10]. Thus, the use of higher-order spectral analysis capable of detecting interrelations between individual signal components has proved useful. The aim of the present study was to investigate the quality of various non-parametric and parametric estimation algorithms using simulated as well as true physiological data. We employed standard algorithms available for the MATLAB. The results clearly show that parametric bispectral estimation is superior to non-parametric estimation in terms of the quality of peak localisation and the discrimination from other peaks.     

The formation of host-parasite relationships in an experimental mixed pathology of opisthorchiasis-tuberculosis as dependent on the phase of the Opisthorchis infestation]

Superinfection of animals having Opisthorchis invasion with Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to destabilization of host-parasite relationships in opisthorchiasis and formation of new host-parasitocenotic interrelations whose manifestation depends on the phase of the invasive process. At the acute invasive phase of mixed pathology (2 weeks) the activity of the host's immune system increases, while the biological activity of helminths and the number of M. tuberculosis colonies decrease. And on the contrary, at the subacute phase of mixed pathology (2.5 months) the activity of the host's immune system decreases, while the reproductive activity of helminths and the isolation rate of M. tuberculosis from pulmonary tissue increases in comparison with the groups of animals with monoinvasion and monoinfection.     

Role of dominant motivation in organizing the functions of the higher divisions of the auditory analyzer in the cat

In chronic experiments on cats, reorganization of initial interrelations between alpha-activity of higher parts of the auditory analyzer during acoustic stimulation was of a selective character and depended on motivational properties of the elicited excitation. A conditioned acoustic signal of alimentary situation, greatly intensified the functional conjugation of the majority of studied auditory projections and a number of non-specific structures, while in a defence situation there was a considerable reduction of correlative dependence between compared characteristics of the auditory centers state and a change in the hierarchy of their functional interrelations.     

Ultrastructure and relations between cells in the myometrium and in myomas of the human uterus

The state of myocytes and their intercellular connections in an unaltered myometrium in the peripheral zone and in the central part of the myoma node has been studied electron microscopically. When analysing the peripheral zone of the uterine myoma, myocytes have resemblence with myometrial cells in the folliculine phase of the menstrual cycle. Simultaneously, certain changes are observed both in the intracellular components and in intercellular interrelations: myocytic nuclei swell, most part of chromatin is decondenced, cell cytoplasmic volume increases, in the prenuclear zone numerous agregates of ribosomes are revealed. The myocytes draw nearer and form specialized junctions, that ensure their cooperation.