快速测定厚朴中厚朴酚及其含量的方法

目的:通过建立系统的HPLC快速检测方法,分析厚朴中主要药用成分厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量,确定厚朴的药用价值及开发利用价值.方法:用HPLC法对张家界、隆回及恩施地区的厚朴植株的不同部位的药材中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量进行了含量的分析.结果:结果快速、准确、重现性好、HPLC分析图谱理想.结论:本文所运用的HPLC分析条件能快速准确的鉴定厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的含量,确定厚朴药材的品质,并对混乱的药材市场有一定的监控作用.     

厚朴类中药厚朴酚及和厚朴酚含量测定

采用HPLC测定法,对几种中药厚朴及其不同地方代品中和厚朴酚、厚朴酚的含量测定分析。数据结果表明正品厚朴与地方代用品之间的和厚朴酚、厚朴酚的含量差别很大,正品厚朴也因产地不同含量存在差别。     

响应面法优化厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的提取工艺研究

为探讨响应面法优化厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的提取工艺。以溶媒比、乙醇浓度、提取时间为自变量,和厚朴酚与厚朴酚总提取百分含量作为因变量,通过对自变量各水平的多元线性回归及二项式拟合,用响应面法选取较佳工艺,并进行预测分析。确定最佳提取工艺为溶媒比60 mL·g-1、乙醇浓度为72%、提取时间78 min,和厚朴酚与厚朴酚总提取百分含量达2.29%。说明响应面法优选厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚成分提取工艺,方法简单,结果可靠。     

响应面法优化厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的提取工艺研究简

为探讨响应面法优化厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的提取工艺。以溶媒比、乙醇浓度、提取时间为自变量,和厚朴酚与厚朴酚总提取百分含量作为因变量,通过对自变量各水平的多元线性回归及二项式拟合,用响应面法选取较佳工艺,并进行预测分析。确定最佳提取工艺为溶媒比60 mL·g^-1、乙醇浓度为72%、提取时间78 min,和厚朴酚与厚朴酚总提取百分含量达2.29%。说明响应面法优选厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚成分提取工艺,方法简单,结果可靠。     

紫外分光光度法同时测定厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量及活性研究

使用pH =8.93的KH2 PO4 NaOH缓冲液 (0 .0 2 5mol/L) ,根据混合物含量测定的原理 ,在 2 89.4nm和 316 .4nm处测定溶液吸光度来测定厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量 ,在 5 17nm处考察厚朴酚与和厚朴酚清除DPPH·的活性 ,建立了同时测定厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量的紫外分光光度法 ,初步考察了二者的自由基清除活性。DPPH·可作为二者抗氧化活性的研究方法。     

和厚朴酚通过ROS的积累和破坏细胞膜杀死白色念珠菌

[目的]研究在体外情况下和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌的抑制作用及其可能机制。[方法]采用微量稀释法测定和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC₈₀）和最低杀菌浓度（MFC）;用透射电镜观察不同浓度和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌超微结构的影响;采用Annexin V-FITC/PI染色法分析不同浓度和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌细胞凋亡的影响;用DCFH-DA染色法测定不同浓度和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌细胞内活性氧积累的影响;用JC-1染色法分析不同浓度和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌线粒体膜电位的影响;用碘化丙啶染色、考马斯亮蓝G-250染色检测和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌细胞膜通透性的影响;通过测定加入麦角甾醇后,和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌的抑制作用的变化,检测和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌细胞膜的影响。[结果]和厚朴酚对白色念珠菌具有很强的抑制作用,MIC和MFC分别为16 μg/mL和32 μg/mL。对白色念珠菌细胞壁、细胞膜和胞浆均有明显的影响。和厚朴酚是通过增加活性氧的产生和破坏线粒体功能来诱导白念珠菌的细胞凋亡和坏死。它也影响细胞膜的通透性,这可能和细胞壁的破坏和与麦角固醇的结合有关。[结论]和厚朴酚通过产生活性氧并伴随着一系列的细胞损伤这种复杂的机制从而对白色念珠菌产生抑制作用,使和厚朴酚成为一种潜在的抗真菌药物。     

和厚朴酚对嗜水气单胞菌气溶素表达的抑制作用

为了研究不同浓度和厚朴酚对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)致病力的影响, 筛选抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的天然化合物, 通过溶血试验、免疫印记试验、荧光定量PCR试验和动物试验进行了研究。结果发现, 和厚朴酚能在亚抑菌浓度下降低嗜水气单胞菌培养物上清中的溶血活性; 蛋白免疫印迹试验发现和厚朴酚能降低嗜水气单胞菌气溶素的分泌; 荧光定量PCR试验进一步表明和厚朴酚与嗜水气单胞菌共培养后降低了气溶素编码基因aerA的转录而降低气溶素的分泌。此外, 通过动物试验发现和厚朴酚治疗能显著提高斑点叉尾鮰( Ictalurus punctatus )嗜水气单胞菌感染模型的存活率。以上研究表明, 和厚朴酚能通过降低气溶素编码基因aerA的转录而降低嗜水气单胞菌的致病力, 和厚朴酚是一种潜在的新型抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的先导化合物。     

厚朴酚对果蝇寿命和繁殖力的影响

从中药厚朴中提取的厚朴酚（magnolol）具有很强的抗氧化性,对其进行黑腹果蝇抗衰老和繁殖力试验。结果表明,分别采用0．02％、0．03％和0．05％浓度的厚朴酚对果蝇寿命均有不同程度明显的延长作用,平均延寿率从8．7％到18．5％;对果蝇繁殖力均有不同程度的提高,果蝇子代蛹数显著增加,平均增殖率从70．0％到268．2％,成虫果蝇数量也显著增加,平均增殖率从145．3％到541．5％。表明厚朴酚具有延缓衰老和促进果蝇的繁殖能力,提高生育力和生命活力的作用。     

和厚朴酚对幽门螺杆菌生长和空泡毒素A表达及活性的影响

【目的】幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)是胃炎和消化性溃疡的病原体, 但其具有潜在的正常菌群的特性。本研究通过评价临床常用中药厚朴的活性成分和厚朴酚对H. pylori的抑制作用及对其空泡毒素A表达和活性的影响, 以反映其对H. pylori具有的潜在去除毒性的作用。【方法】使用平皿稀释固体法和脑心浸液液体法测定和厚朴酚对H. pylori的最低抑菌浓度, 进一步通过中性红摄入法评价经无抑菌效果的低浓度和厚朴酚干预后, H. pylori培养上清中空泡毒素A (Vacuolating cytotoxin A, VacA)的毒性作用; 并通过RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测经低浓度和厚朴酚处理后, H. pylori菌体及分泌上清中VacA mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。【结果】发现高浓度(0.75 g/L)和厚朴酚对H. pylori 具有抑制作用; 而在远低于最低抑菌浓度时, 和厚朴酚可有效抑制H. pylori VacA的形成和分泌。【结论】和厚朴酚具有下调H. pylori毒性的潜在作用, 这为基于“致病性H. pylori的非致病性转变”这一机理的干预性治疗提供了有希望的研究前景。     

厚朴酚对变形链球菌生物膜致龋毒力因子作用的研究

目的 通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察厚朴酚对变形链球菌生物膜的抑菌效果,并初步了解厚朴酚对变形链球菌生物膜的产酸、耐酸、胞外多糖形成及生物膜形成能力等相关致龋毒力因子的转录表达的影响,为进一步研究厚朴酚防龋的药理作用机制奠定基础.方法 建立变形链球菌生物膜体外模型,激光共聚焦显微镜观察不同药物浓度作用后效果,并进行红绿荧光定量分析;根据GenBank基因库查询ffh、gtfD、pdp等基因序列并设计引物,进行RT-PCR.结果 CLSM观察厚朴酚作用变形链球菌生物膜后可使膜内活菌比例明显下降;RT-PCR结果表明毒力因子ffh、gtfD、pdp的表达水平受到抑制.结论 厚朴酚对变形链球菌生物膜的致龋毒力因子ffh、gtfD、pdp的转录表达有明显的抑制作用.     

Effects of honokiol and magnolol on acute and inflammatory pain models in mice

The antinociceptive actions of honokiol and magnolol, two major bioactive constituents of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, were evaluated using tail-flick, hot-plate and formalin tests in mice. The effects of honokiol and magnolol on the formalin-induced c-Fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn as well as motor coordination and cognitive function were examined. Data showed that honokiol and magnolol did not produce analgesia in tail-flick, hot-plate paw-shaking and neurogenic phase of the overt nociception induced by intraplantar injection of formalin. However, honokiol and magnolol reduced the inflammatory phase of formalin-induced licking response. Consistently, honokiol and magnolol significantly decreased formalin-induced c-Fos protein expression in superficial (I-II) laminae of the L4-L5 lumbar dorsal horn. However, honokiol and magnolol did not elicit motor incoordination and memory dysfunction at doses higher than the analgesic dose. These results demonstrate that honokiol and magnolol effectively alleviate the formalin-induced inflammatory pain without motor and cognitive side effects, suggesting their therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory pain.     

Isolation of anti-Saprolegnia lignans from Magnolia officinalis and SAR evaluation of honokiol/magnolol analogs

To control the fish fungal pathogen Saprolegnia, the effects of the petroleum ether extracts of Magnolia officinalis were evaluated by a rapeseed (Brassicanapus) microplate method in vitro. By loading on an open silica gel column and eluting with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol, honokiol (C₁₈H₁₈O₂) and magnolol (C₁₈H₁₈O₂) were isolated from Magnolia officinalis. Saprolegnia parasitica growth was inhibited significantly when honokiol concentration was >8.0?mg/L, and magnolol concentration was >9.0?mg/L, with EC₅₀ values of 4.38 and 4.92?mg/L, respectively. Six honokiol and magnolol derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-Saprolegnia activity. According to the results, double bond and hydroxyl played an important role in inhibiting Saprolegnia. Mechanistically, through the scanning electron microscope observation, honokiol and magnolol could cause the Saprolegnia parasitica mycelium tegumental damage including intensive wrinkles and nodular structures. Moreover, compared to traditional drugs kresoxim-methyl (LC₅₀?=?0.66?mg/L) and azoxystrobin (LC₅₀?=?2.71?mg/L), honokiol and magnolol showed a lower detrimental effect on zebrafish, with the LC₅₀ values of 6.00 and 7.28?mg/L at 48?h, respectively. Overall, honokiol and magnolol were promising lead compounds for the development of commercial drugs anti-Saprolegnia.     

Antinociceptive actions of honokiol and magnolol on glutamatergic and inflammatory pain

The antinociceptive effects of honokiol and magnolol, two major bioactive constituents of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, were investigated on animal paw licking responses and thermal hyperalgesia induced by glutamate receptor agonists including glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor (mGluR5) activator (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG), as well as inflammatory mediators such as substance P and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in mice. The actions of honokiol and magnolol on glutamate-induced c-Fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn were also examined. Our data showed that honokiol and magnolol blocked glutamate-, substance P- and PGE₂-induced inflammatory pain with similar potency and efficacy. Consistently, honokiol and magnolol significantly decreased glutamate-induced c-Fos protein expression in superficial (I-II) laminae of the L4-L5 lumbar dorsal horn. However, honokiol was more selective than magnolol for inhibition of NMDA-induced licking behavioral and thermal hyperalgesia. In contrast, magnolol was more potent to block CHPG-mediated thermal hyperalgesia. These results demonstrate that honokiol and magnolol effectively decreased the inflammatory pain. Furthermore, their different potency on inhibition of nociception provoked by NMDA receptor and mGluR5 activation should be considered.     

Electrochemical detection of honokiol and magnolol in traditional Chinese medicines using acetylene black nanoparticle-modified electrode

Introduction – Honokiol and magnolol are the active components of Magnolia officinalis, which is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. Their simultaneous analysis is, therefore, important for the quality control of the product. Objective – To establish a simple, sensitive and rapid electrochemical method for the simultaneous detection of honokiol and magnolol based on the remarkable enhancement effect of acetylene black nanoparticle (AB). Methodology – The AB‐modified electrode was prepared via solvent evaporation. The electrochemical response of honokiol and magnolol was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The simultaneous detection was performed with differential pulse voltammetry. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy. Results – The linear range for honokiol is 0.5–300 µg/L, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.25 µg/L (9.4 × 10^?10 mol/L). For magnolol, the linear range is 10–250 µg/L, and the LOD is 5 µg/L (1.88 × 10^?8 mol/L). Conclusion – The new method was successfully used to determine honokiol and magnolol in a traditional Chinese medicine called Ageratum liquid. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of neolignans from the stem bark of Magnolia obovata on plant pathogenic fungi

Aims:  To characterize antifungal principles from the methanol extract of Magnolia obovata and to evaluate their antifungal activities against various plant pathogenic fungi.
Methods and Results:  Four neolignans were isolated from stem bark of M. obovata as antifungal principles and identified as magnolol, honokiol, 4-methoxyhonokiol and obovatol. In mycelial growth inhibition assay, both magnolol and honokiol displayed more potent antifungal activity than 4-methoxyhonokiol and obovatol. Both magnolol and honokiol showed similar in vivo antifungal spectrum against seven plant diseases tested; both compounds effectively suppressed the development of rice blast, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust and red pepper anthracnose. 4-Methoxyhonokiol and obovatol were highly active to only rice blast and wheat leaf rust respectively.
Conclusions:  The extract of M. obovata and four neolignans had potent in vivo antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  Neolignans from Magnolia spp. can be used and suggested as a novel antifungal lead compound for the development of new fungicide and directly as a natural fungicide for the control of plant diseases such as rice blast and wheat leaf rust.     

Chemical Components in the Bark of Magnolia rostrata W. W. Smith

From the bark of Magnolia rostrata W. W. Smith (Magnoliaceae), the honokiol(1) mp. 87.5 ℃ and the magnolol (Ⅱ) mp. 102 ℃ was isolated. Moreover, it can be proved that the bark of Magnolia rostrata W. W. Smith contains β-eudesmol in the essential oil.     

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of neolignans from Magnolia officinalis

In the light of the steady increase of infections related to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis was subjected to bioassay-directed fractionation, which led to the isolation of the known neolignans piperitylmagnolol (1), magnolol (2), and honokiol (3) from the MeOH extract. In broth-microdilution assays, 1-3 exhibited antibacterial activities against VRE and MRSA at minimum-inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in the range of 6.25-25 microg/ml, compound 1 being the most-potent antibiotic. The ratio of MBC/MIC (MBC = minimum bactericidal concentration) was < or = 2 for all compounds. The kinetics of the antibacterial action of 1 and 3 were studied by means of time-kill assays; both compounds were bactericidal against VRE and MRSA, their actions being time dependent, or both time and concentration dependent. Magnolol (2) was acetylated to magnolol monoacetate (4) and magnolol diacetate (5) (partial or full masking of the phenolic OH functions). The cytotoxic properties of 1-5 against human OVCAR-3 (ovarian adenocarcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and HeLa (cervical epitheloid carcinoma) cell lines were evaluated. The CD50 values for compounds 1-3 were in the range of 3.3-13.3 microg/ml, derivatives 4 and 5 being much less potent. This study indicates that piperitylmagnolol (= 3-[(1S,6S)-6-isopropyl-3-methylcyclohex-2-enyl]-5,5'-di(prop-2-enyl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-diol; 1) possesses both significant anti-VRE activity and moderate cytotoxicity against the above cancer cell lines.     

长缘厚朴中的新苯醌及新木脂素类化合物

从长缘厚朴（Magnolia rostrata W.W.Smith)树皮中分离得到１个新化合物－联烯丙基苯对苯醌类物质,命名为木兰醌magnoquinone(1),以及７个已知新木脂素类化合物,厚朴酚magnolol(2),和厚朴酚honokiol(3),4-o-methylhonokiol(4),3-o-methylmagnolol(5),magnoldehydeB(6),magnolignanA(7)和magnolignanC(8)。研究表明,长缘厚扑可作为中药厚朴（Magnolia officinalis)的代用品。     

Nematicidal Activity of Honokiol and Magnolol Isolated from Magnolia tripetala

Ethyl acetate extract of the branches of Magnolia tripetala exhibited nematicidal activity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , Panagrellus redivivus and Caenorhabditis elegans . Two nematicidal phenolic compounds magnolol ( 1 ) and honokiol ( 2 ) were isolated from the extract based on bioassay-guided fractionation. The median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) of compounds 1 – 2 were 149.3 and 63.7 mg/l, respectively, against B. xylophilus , 74.5 and 75.9 mg/l, respectively, against P. redivivus , 64.7 and 57.8 mg/l, respectively, against C . elegans at 48 h.