北五味子染色体核型分析

本文研究了北五味子的染色体核型.其体细胞染色体数目2n=28,具13对中部着丝点染色体,1对近中部着丝点染色体.在整个染色体中并未发现随.按Levan的染色体分类标准,其染色体核型组成是:K(2n)=2x=28=26m+2Sm.     

四福花染色体核型的分析

四福花[Tetradoxa ometensis (Hara)C.Y.Wu]体细胞具有36个染色体。其核型组成为2n=36=6m+14sm+4st+12t,即具有3对中部着丝点染色体,7对亚中部着丝点染色体,2对亚端部着丝点染色体和6对端部着丝点染色体。 四福花染色体核型分析表明,与传统对五福花科植物染色体具9基数的认识不同,其基数应为X=18。与Noguchi所发现的具18基数的三倍体五福花的核型相比较,二者在核型组成及染色体结构上都有明显差异。     

红花(Corthamus tinotorius L.)和党参(Codonopsis pilosula Nannf.)的核型研究

本试验采用常规压片技术,对两种应用较广的中药材——红花和党参的染色体核型进行了分析,其结果报道如下: 1.红花(图1):淋细胞染色体数为2n=24,有10对染色体具中部着丝点,1对具随体(表1),2对染色体为亚中部着丝点。核型公式为:2n=24=20m(2SAT)+4sm。染色体绝对长度介于1.990μm-3.483μm之间,相对长度变动幅度为3.663—4.649。     

加拿大引进的二倍体燕麦种质的核型鉴定

采用常规压片法对砂燕麦、西班牙燕麦和短燕麦3个二倍体燕麦种进行了核型研究。结果表明:砂燕麦染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),具近中部和中部着丝点染色体,第4对染色体组的短臂上有1对随体,核不对称系数为68.17%;西班牙燕麦染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),具近中部和中部着丝点染色体,第7对染色体短臂上有1对随体,核不对称系数为59.31%;短燕麦染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=6m+4sm+4st(2SAT),具近端部、近中部和中部着丝点染色体,第6对染色体组的短臂上有1对随体,核不对称系数为63.91%。虽然3个燕麦种的核型均为2A,但它们的染色体形态有明显不同,比较认为砂燕麦相对进化,短燕麦次之,西班牙燕麦较原始。本研究对燕麦种质资源的核型分析及进化地位研究具有参考价值。     

救荒野豌豆的核型和带型简报

救荒野豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)是豆科野豌豆属植物,是一种优良的绿肥和饲料。根尖用0.005%秋水仙素预处理2小时,改良苯酚品红压片,供核型分析。分带用去壁低渗法制片,BSG技术处理。结果如下:染色体数2n=12。染色体的相对长度在10.64%—21.13%之间。臂比值在1.55—2.88之间。第1和3对为中部着丝点染色体,第2、4、5和6对为次中部着丝点染色体,第5对具随体。其核型公式为2n=12=4m+8sm(2SAT)。带型分析结果如下:第1对染色体具着丝点带和长、短臂上具末端带,第2对染色体除具着丝点带和长、短臂上末端带外,在长臂上还具中间带,第3对带型与第1对相同,第4、6对染色体长、短臂上都具末端带,第5对具着丝点带、末端带和次缢痕带。其带型公式为2n=12=4CT+2CTI_++4T+2CTN。与朱凤绥等人的报道结果有差异。     

长叶竹柏核型的初步研究

本文对长叶竹柏核型进行了初步研究,结果表明,长叶竹柏染色体的数目为2n=26。第8、10、11、13对染色体为中部着丝点染色体,其余9对均为近中部着丝点染色体,且在第2对染色体长臂上具次缢痕;按Stebbins的分类标准,属较对称的“zA”核型。其染色体的绝对长度范围为3.32—6.39μm,相对长度范围为5.33—10.26%。     

我国某些蔷薇属花卉的核型研究

本文报道了我国产的5种和14个品种的蔷薇属花卉的染色体数目和核型,结果如下:小花型为二倍体,2n=2x=14,少数为混倍体;中花型为三倍体,2n=3x=21;大花型为四倍体,2n=4x=28。大部分种的核型均由其中部和近中部着丝点染色体组成,少数种具近端着丝点染色体。它们可以区分为3种核型类型,即1A、2A和1B。     

中国特有的八角莲和六角莲的核型

本文研究了八角莲Dysosma versipellis(Hance)M.Cheng和六角莲Dysomapleiantha((Hance)Woodson的核型。二者的染色体数目均为2n=12,由四对具中部着丝点染色体、一对具近中部着丝点染色体和一对具端部着丝点染色体组成,各有一对染色体具有次缢痕,八角莲的次缢痕在第3对染色体的长臂上,六角莲的次缢痕在第1对染色体的短臂上。二者均属较对称的“2A”核型。但它们在染色体相对长度的变异幅度和差值、臂比的变异幅度和差值以及最长与最短染色体的比值上均有微小的差异。结果表明二者有密切的亲缘关系。演化趋势是八角莲→六角莲。八角莲的核型为首次报道。     

三褶虾脊兰的核型分析

采用压片法研究了三褶虾脊兰[Calanthe triplicata(Willem.)Ames]的染色体数目和核型.结果表明:三褶虾脊兰的染色体数目2n=38,为二倍体,核型公式为2n=2x=38=28m 8sm 2st.主要由中部和近中部着丝点染色体组成.核型分类为2B型,比较对称.     

中国特有的八角莲和六角莲的核型

本文研究了八角莲Dysosma versipellis(Hance)M.Cheng和六角莲Dysomapleiantha((Hance)Woodson的核型。二者的染色体数目均为2n=12,由四对具中部着丝点染色体、一对具近中部着丝点染色体和一对具端部着丝点染色体组成,各有一对染色体具有次缢痕,八角莲的次缢痕在第3对染色体的长臂上,六角莲的次缢痕在第1对染色体的短臂上。二者均属较对称的“2A”核型。但它们在染色体相对长度的变异幅度和差值、臂比的变异幅度和差值以及最长与最短染色体的比值上均有微小的差异。结果表明二者有密切的亲缘关系。演化趋势是八角莲→六角莲。八角莲的核型为首次报道。     

浙江红山茶色染体核型的分析

<正> 引言 山茶属植物将近二百种,分布于东南亚热带和亚热带地区,其中近90％以上的种集中在我国的南部。浙江红山茶(Camellia chekiangoleoso Hu)又名浙江红花油茶,属于山茶属(Camellia)山茶亚属(Subgen.Camellia)的山茶组(Sect.Camellia),是我国特有的树种,分布于浙江、安徽、湖南、江西和福建北部海拔600—1400米的山地。这种植物具有硕大而美丽的红花,为庭园观赏佳品;其种子含油量较高,可供食用。目前已有不少     

金花茶组培苗的核型分析

本文对金花茶(Camellia chrysantha (Hu) Tuyama)组培苗的染色体核型进行了研究。结果表明:金花茶组培苗不仅染色体数目与其野生种相同,2n=30,而且核型也基本一致,核型公式均为2n=2x=30=22m+8sm(2SAT)。这些数据为利用组织培养方法保存和繁殖金花茶的可行性提供了细胞学方面的依据。     

Karyotype Analysis of Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth (Liliaceae)

Karyotype analysis for the species Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth of the monotypic genus Reineckia Kunth is given for the first time. The number of chromosomes in root-tip cell was found to be 38, which is in accord with those reported by most of the previous authors^{[5,7,8,9,11,12,]}. The somatic complement shows a slight variation in size, i.e., the 2, 3, 5, 6, 7th pairs of the chromosomes have submedian constrictions, while the other pairs have median centromeres. The karyotype is therefore a rather symmetrical one, and according to the chromosomal terminology defined by Levan et al^[4], the karyotype formula of the species is 2n=38=28 m+10 sm. In spite of the presence of two nucleoli in the telophase as observed by the authors and Noguchi^[8] as well, the two corresponding Sat-chromosomes have not been found. Photomicrograph of the chromosome complement and idiogram are given in Fig. 1 and 2 respectively.     

夏蜡梅属的细胞地理学研究

本文首次报道西美蜡梅(Calycanthus occidentalis)的核型为K(2n)=22=20m(2SAT)+2sm,与美国蜡梅的变种光叶红(C.floridus var.oblongifolius)同属“2A”类型但较为原始,它们都比“1A”的夏蜡梅(C.chinensis)进化,三者由原始到进步的顺序可能为夏蜡梅—→西美蜡梅—→美国蜡梅(光叶红)。夏蜡梅属可能以较原始的夏蜡梅起源于东亚(中国),再东向迁移到北美洲(美国)形成西美蜡梅和美国蜡梅(光叶红)。     

A Comparative Karyotypic Study of Three Species in Fritillaria

The present paper deals with a comparative karyotypic study of three species in Fritillaria-F. thuncergii Miq., F. anhuiensis S. . Chen et S. F. Yin and F. hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia. The karyotype of F. anhuiensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin is first reported. The karyotypes of the three species of Fritillaria are rather similar, all with K(2n)=24= 2m+2sm+12t+4st+4m (SAT), showing a close interspecific relationship. They all have two pairs of st chromosomes, one of which is the third chromosome in all the three species studied, but the other is the seventh in F. thunbergii Miq, the eighth in F. anhuiensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin, and the fifth in F. hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia. It tells us that there are some differences in their karyotypes. All of the three species possess two pairs of satellite chromosomes with the satellites located on the long arms. A heterochromatic zone is found sometimes on long arms of No. IX chromosome in each species of Fritillaria and on one of No. I chromosomes in both F. thunbergii Miq. and F. anhuiensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin, a chromosome polymorphism occurring between populations of Fritillaria. In addition, three B chromosomes are always found in most root-tip cells of F. hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsiao.     

Karyotype analysis and heterochromatin differentiation with Giemsa C-banding and fluorescent counterstaining inCephalanthera (Orchidaceae)

Detailed studies of the chromosomes of the three Austrian species of the genusCephalanthera showed them all to have basically similar karyotypes. BothC. damasonium (2n = 36) andC. longifolia (2n = 32) have three large and several classes of smaller chromosome pairs. The karyotype ofC. rubra (2n = 44) is composed of four large and several groups of smaller pairs. The heterochromatin in these species amounts to about 10% of total karyotype length. All the chromosomes have Giemsa-positive centromeres, but only a few have intercalary or terminal bands. Using differential fluorescent staining with DAPI/actinomycin D, quinacrine/actinomycin D (both A-T specific), and chromomycin A₃/distamycin A (G-C specific) three different types of major heterochromatic bands can be characterized in respect of their satellite DNA composition: highly A-T rich, slightly A-T rich, and very G-C rich. The chromosomes ofC. longifolia contain more A-T rich C-bands than those ofC. damasonium, while the latter's have more G-C rich heterochromatin. In both species several C-bands appear as secondary constrictions or gaps in the Feulgen-stained chromosomes, but most likely, in each species there is only one pair of chromosomes where the secondary constrictions function as nucleolus organizing regions. No major intraspecific variation could be observed except on one small chromosome pair ofC. longifolia which had a heteromorphic C-band in most individuals. Possible pathways of karyotype evolution involving polyploidy and Robertsonian events are discussed.     

Cytogenetic characterization of the invasive mussel species Xenostrobus securis Lmk. (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)

The chromosomes of the invasive black-pigmy mussel (Xenostrobus securis (Lmk. 1819)) were analyzed by means of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) / propidium iodide (PI) and chromomycin A3 (CMA) / DAPI fluorescence staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization using major rDNA, 5S rDNA, core histone genes, linker histone genes, and telomeric sequences as probes. The diploid chromosome number in this species is 2n = 30. The karyotype is composed of seven metacentric, one meta/submetacentric, and seven submetacentric chromosome pairs. Telomeric sequences appear at both ends of every single chromosome. Major rDNA clusters appear near the centromeres on chromosome pairs 1 and 3 and are associated with bright CMA fluorescence and dull DAPI fluorescence. This species shows five 5S rDNA clusters close to the centromeres on four chromosome pairs (2, 5, 6, and 8). Three of the four core histone gene clusters map to centromeric positions on chromosome pairs 7, 10, and 13. The fourth core histone gene cluster occupies a terminal position on chromosome pair 8, also bearing a 5S rDNA cluster. The two linker histone gene clusters are close to the centromeres on chromosome pairs 12 and 14. Therefore, the use of these probes allows the unequivocal identification of 11 of the 15 chromosome pairs that compose the karyotype of X. securis.     

南山茶Camellia semiserrata Chi染色体核型的分析

<正> 引言 南山茶(Camellia semiserrata Chi)又名广宁红花油茶,属山茶属(Camellia L.)山茶亚属(Subg.Camellia)红山茶组(Sect.Camellia),分布于我国广东和广西。南山茶的种子油可供食用,为我国南方主要油料经济树种之一,花红色,形大而艳丽,可供观赏。 山茶属植物约共二百种,但已做过染色体计数者仅47种,做过核型分析者则不超过10种。本文提供的南山茶染色体核型的资料将有助于山茶属植物的遗传育种工作和属内系     

Karyotypes of the Genus Fritillaria from South Anhui

This paper reports chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species of the genus Fritillaria from south Anhui. The origin of the material used in this work is provided in Table 1, micrographs of mitotic metaphase in Plate 1,2, and the parameters of chromosomes in Table 2. Except F. thunbergii Miq., the karyotypes and chromosome numbers of all the species in this paper were studied for the first time. The results are shown as follows: 1. Fritillaria qimenensis D. C. Zhang et J. Z. Shao Collected from Qimen, Anhui, it has the karyotype formula 2n = 24+4Bs = 3m+lsm+8st (2sc)+12t (2sc)+4Bs (Plate 1:1, 2). The chromosomes range in length 8.72-19.13μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.19. Therefore, the karyotype belongs to Stebbins’ (1971) 3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 10th pairs. All the five B-chromosomes are of terminal centromeres. The two chromosomes of the second pair show heteromorphy (Fig. 1, E) with arm ratios 1.86 and 1.56 respectively. 2. Fritillaria monantha Miq. var. tonglingensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin Collected from Tongling, Anhui, this species is shown to have three chromosome numbers, 2n =24+5Bs, 2n=24+2Bs and 2n=24. This paper reports 2 cytotypes: Type I: 2n = 24+5Bs = 4m+8st (2sc) +12t (2sc) +5Bs (Plate 1: 3, 4). The chromosomes range in length from 10.40 to 22.19μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.13. It belongs to 3B of stebbins’(1971) karyotypic symmetry. The secondary constrictions are found on the short arms of 7th and the long arms of 9th chromosome pairs. The metacentric B-chromosomes and the small satellites located on the short arms are major characters of this cytotype. Type II: 2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc) (Plate 1:5, 6). The chromosomes range in length from 13.84 to 29.81μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.15. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 5th and 10th pairs. No B-chromosomes are found. 3. Fritillaria xiaobeimu Y. K. Yang, J. Z. Shao et M. M. Fang Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it has karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+10st (4sc) + 10t (Plate 2:7, 8). The chromosomes range in length from 13.86 to 26.27μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 1.89. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3A. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 9th pairs. 4. Fritillaria ningguoensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st (2sc) +12t (Plate 2: 9, 10). The chromosomes range in length from 9.11 to 23.23μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.55. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’3B. The secondary constrictions are only found on the long arms of the 10 th pair. 5. Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st(2sc) +12t(2sc)(Plate 2:11, 12). The chromosomes range in length from 8.83 to 19.85μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.25. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3B. There are secondary constrictions on the long arms of 5th and 7th pairs. The karyotype of the Ningguo material is similar to that of the Huoqiu (Anhui) material reported by Xu Jin-lin et al. (1987), but it is obviously different from 2n=2m(sc)+2sm+4st(2sc)+16t (2sc) reported byZhai et al. (1985) for the material from Xingjiang, Northwest China.     

云南大叶茶细胞学研究

本文采用去壁低渗法研究了云南大叶茶的染色体核型,间期核形态和多核现象。结果表明大多数染色体是中部着丝粒染色体,5对是近中部着丝粒染色体,第7和12对染色体中各有1条具随体染色体。根据Levan等的分类原则,其核型为2n=20m+8sm+2sm(SAT),属于Stebbins核型分类的“2A”型,同时亦发现有“2B”型的核型。云南大叶茶间期核型为浓密分散型和复杂染色中央微粒型两种;并首次发现茶树中的多核现象,在所观察的1250个细胞中有6个是具双核细胞(占0.48％),有2个是具三核细胞占(0.16％)。另外,本文还对部份山茶属植物的核型进行了讨论。从核型上可以看出:(1)山茶属植物在进化上属于较原始的种系;(2)山茶属植物核型的进化基本符合Stebbins提出的植物界核型进化的规律,即对称—→不对称;(3)山茶属植物的核型在一定范围内变异甚大,这种变异没有一定的规律性。这些观点与张宏达提出的山茶属植物的分类系统基本吻合。带随体的染色体数目在山茶属植物核型的进化上没有什么明显的变化规律。