核黄素工业菌株高通量筛选方法的建立和应用

枯草芽孢杆菌是主要的核黄素工业生产菌之一,高通量筛选技术是选育获得高产核黄素菌株的关键环节。为实现工业菌种选育与高通量筛选技术相结合,对流式细胞分选、液滴微流控分选和96孔板筛选在核黄素工业菌株筛选中的应用进行了研究,并对96孔板筛选方法进行了优化。在流式细胞分析中,来源于同一株工业菌的低产菌株P1与高产菌株R1的细胞荧光与核黄素产量不成正相关。在液滴微流控分析中,P1和R1的发酵液上清荧光与核黄素产量成正相关,然而液滴分选后活细胞的数量很少。在96孔板筛选实验中,振荡培养后P1和R1的发酵液荧光分别为22 264 a.u.、28 647 a.u.;静置培养后荧光分别为7 095 a.u.、10 189 a.u.,核黄素产量与荧光成正相关,且二者荧光差异显著。利用96孔板静置培养的方法对工业菌株S1的突变体库进行筛选,得到的优选菌株核黄素产量为2.53 g/L,相比S1提高了15%。这些结果表明96孔板静置培养-荧光检测筛选可以应用于核黄素工业生产菌产量的提高。     

常压室温等离子体诱变选育类胡萝卜素高产菌株及其性质研究北大核心CSCD

采用新型常压室温等离子体(Atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)诱变产类胡萝卜素菌株Deinococcus wulumuqiensis R12,通过深孔培养板进行高通量筛选,并结合菌株类胡萝卜素含量复筛获得突变菌株M1。与出发菌株相比,突变菌株M1的类胡萝卜素含量检测为612μg/g细胞干重(Dry cell weight,DCW),是出发菌株类胡萝卜素含量(212μg/g DCW)的2.8倍,且遗传性稳定;突变菌株M1类胡萝卜素的高铁离子还原能力(OD700=0.52)高于出发菌株类胡萝卜素的高铁离子还原能力(OD700=0.34),且M1的类胡萝卜素对DPPH自由基清除率为33.33%高于出发菌株类胡萝卜素的清除率(23.09%),结果显示突变菌株M1具有更强的抗氧化能力;在相同γ辐射与UV辐射剂量下突变菌株M1具有比出发菌株更高的存活率。研究表明突变菌株M1在类胡萝卜素产量、菌株抗氧化性能及抗辐射性能方面均优于出发菌株D.wulumuqiensis R12。     

常压室温等离子体诱变选育类胡萝卜素高产菌株及其性质研究

采用新型常压室温等离子体(Atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)诱变产类胡萝卜素菌株Deinococcus wulumuqiensis R12,通过深孔培养板进行高通量筛选,并结合菌株类胡萝卜素含量复筛获得突变菌株M1。与出发菌株相比,突变菌株M1的类胡萝卜素含量检测为612μg/g细胞干重(Dry cell weight,DCW),是出发菌株类胡萝卜素含量(212μg/g DCW)的2.8倍,且遗传性稳定;突变菌株M1类胡萝卜素的高铁离子还原能力(OD700=0.52)高于出发菌株类胡萝卜素的高铁离子还原能力(OD700=0.34),且M1的类胡萝卜素对DPPH自由基清除率为33.33%高于出发菌株类胡萝卜素的清除率(23.09%),结果显示突变菌株M1具有更强的抗氧化能力;在相同γ辐射与UV辐射剂量下突变菌株M1具有比出发菌株更高的存活率。研究表明突变菌株M1在类胡萝卜素产量、菌株抗氧化性能及抗辐射性能方面均优于出发菌株D.wulumuqiensis R12。     

途径工程及Tn5转座子介导突变提高大肠杆菌丙酮酸生产

为了开发丙酮酸高产菌株,以大肠杆菌MG1655为出发菌株,通过基因敲除阻断副产物途径构建了产丙酮酸大肠杆菌工程菌KLPP。进一步利用p UT Mini-Tn5载体进行转座子随机突变,构建了含有7 197个单克隆的突变体文库。使用基于丙酮酸的二硝基苯肼显色法,建立了96孔板-酶标仪快速筛选方法,经过两轮的筛选,成功筛选到了6个突变体菌株,比KLPP丙酮酸产量提高了38%、31%、19%、28%、44%和14%。利用全基因组重测序确定了其转座子插入的位置,进而确定了可能影响丙酮酸产量的基因位点,为后续菌株改造工作奠定了基础。     

一种产邻苯二酚菌株高通量筛选方法

目的：对产邻苯二酚菌株进行筛选。方法：采用前期筛得的产邻苯二酚菌为出发菌株,通过硫酸二乙酯诱变的方法使该菌株突变,同时建立96孔板培养和酶标仪检测方法对产邻苯二酚菌株进行高通量筛选。结果：硫酸二乙酯的终浓度为0.1%,诱变时间为8 min的条件下,突变菌致死率为84.5%,突变效果最好。筛选培养基中吸光值（495nm）和富集培养基中菌液浊度值（OD630）的加和值较大的突变菌株产邻苯二酚能力高。通过诱变和筛选得到的菌株,产邻苯二酚浓度可达0.87mg/ml,比出发菌株的提高了262.5%。经过形态学和生理生化反应,初步鉴定该菌株属于假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）。结论：硫酸二乙酯诱变和96孔板筛选的方法能以高通量方式快速筛选出产邻苯二酚菌株。     

PCR方法筛选淡紫灰链霉菌海南变种基因组粘粒文库

以中生菌素产生菌淡紫灰链霉菌海南变种(Streptomyces lavendulae var.hainanensis)B-7菌株为材料,利用pOJ446作为载体构建了B-7菌株的基因组粘粒文库,文库效价达到4.21×106CFU/ml.随机挑取12个克隆提取质粒,经BamHI酶切电泳分析,插入片段大小约为30～40 kb,符合建库要求的理论值.利用建立的基于96深孔板PCR技术的文库筛选改良方法,成功快速地筛选到含有目标基因片段的阳性菌株.     

适应性驯化选育高产吡咯喹啉醌的生丝微菌突变株

吡咯喹啉醌(PQQ)广泛存在于生物体内,具有促进机体生长、维护线粒体功能、促进神经生长因子合成和调节机体自由基水平等生理功能,在医药、食品和化妆品领域具有广阔的应用前景。为提高脱氮生丝微菌Hyphomicrobium denitrificans FJNU-6的PQQ生产性能,文中以高浓度甲醇为拮抗因子进行实验室适应性定向驯化,通过光谱法快速筛选体系,选育PQQ高产正突变株。6轮适应性驯化后,每轮驯化的正向突变率达到90%以上,产量提高1倍的突变株达到10%左右。最后,利用5L发酵罐对突变株FJNU-R8进行分批补料培养,相较于出发菌株,突变株在不同甲醇浓度下pqq和moxF基因簇的表达量较高且差异较小,甲醇消耗和生长速度较慢,PQQ产量达到1 087 mg/L (143 h),单位细胞产量提高了1.42倍,展现出良好的工业应用潜力。文中所述的适应性定向驯化结合快速筛选体系能简单、快速地获得高产PQQ的生丝微菌突变菌株,对其他甲基营养菌高产PQQ突变株的高通量筛选具有借鉴作用。     

常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变及高通量筛选那西肽高产菌株

采用新型常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变活跃链霉菌(Streptomyces actuosu),并应用抑菌圈和48孔板培养方法高通量筛选高产那西肽菌株。研究表明抑菌圈径的大小与48孔板效价之间以及48孔板效价与摇瓶效价之间均有较好的相关性,系数R分别达到0.534和0.896。通过多轮ARTP诱变及高通量筛选最终获得了3株相对效价提高50%以上的遗传性能稳定的突变株。ARTP诱变技术作为获得那西肽高产菌株的有效途径,与传统摇瓶发酵筛选相比,48孔板及抑菌圈法能显著提高那西肽高产菌株的筛选效率。     

嗜热毁丝霉高通量培养技术及其应用

【背景】丝状真菌是一类重要的工业发酵生产宿主菌,如何进行高通量纯菌培养和高效检测筛选性能优异的菌株是工业丝状真菌研究的重要方向。【目的】研究建立丝状真菌的高通量培养技术并测试应用效果。【方法】通过对丝状真菌培养过程中的制种、接种、培养和检测研究,建立基于孔板的高通量培养技术,并以嗜热毁丝霉为例对该技术进行验证。【结果】与传统的平板制种和摇瓶接种培养方式相比,高通量孔板的培养方式将制种通量提高24倍,单位面积产孢子能力提高350%,液体培养转接效率提高10-40倍,并建立96孔板测定乙醇含量的高通量检测技术。【结论】将丝状真菌的培养和检测通量提高1-2个数量级,为快速检测丝状真菌改造过程产生的大量性状不同菌株并获得目标菌株奠定基础,为丝状真菌高通量筛选研究提供应用指导价值。     

等离子体作用结合氧限制模型选育利福霉素SV高产菌株

利福霉素SV毒性低、疗效高、抗菌谱广,主要由地中海拟无枝酸菌发酵生产,其发酵过程属于耗氧发酵,供氧直接影响产物形成.为减少发酵过程氧限制影响,进一步提高利福霉素发酵产量,通过构建定向氧限制模型,将常温常压等离子体诱变和无水亚硫酸钠氧限制筛选模型相结合,建立了利福霉素生产菌株24孔板快速培养的高通量筛选方法,高效选育出能...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.