Dichloro-tetrafluoro-ethane as a Freezing Agent

Surgical skin planing is, in the hands of an experienced operator, a safe and highly effective procedure for treating a number of cutaneous defects, most notably pitted acne scars.The operation is facilitated by the use of a new instrument (jet-spray handpiece) which allows the operator to freeze the skin and plane it almost simultaneously, and by a new freezing agent, dichlorotetrafluoro-ethane, which adds to the safety by eliminating the old hazards of inflammability, explosion, and the toxic inhalation of ethyl chloride.The ability to sharply differentiate between keloid and hypertrophic scar is fundamental to surgical skin planing. A hypertrophic scar results from the removal or destruction of the cutaneous appendages (hair follicles, oil and sweat glands and ducts); whereas a keloid is an idiosyncratic response without regard to damage of the appendages.Properly performed surgical planing does not entirely remove these appendages and therefore healing occurs without scarring.     

病毒治癌

病毒治疗癌症近来有新进展．分子生物学技术的发展,大大促进了病毒在寄主专一性、基因传递的定位性及溶解癌细胞方面的研究：选择适当的病毒种类,根据癌细胞特征性表面蛋白的特性修饰病毒的表面蛋白,使之对癌细胞具有更强的亲和性;去除病毒中原有的致病基因如癌基因,并根据靶细胞的特性针对性地改造有关病毒基因如插入适当的抗癌基因,可能构建成安全有效的工程病毒用于癌症治疗．病毒治癌除具有较强的特异性外,和其他基因治疗方法相比,还具有能利用寄主细胞进行自我复制、级联放大以克服初始剂量不足等特点．     

Vitamin K5 as a Fungistatic Agent

The effectiveness of vitamin K(5) in controlling the growth of different molds at varying pH levels in a culture medium, in tomato juice, and in several berry purees was studied. The molds studied were Aspergillus, Botrytis, Hormodendrum, Mucor, and Penicillium. The results showed that vitamin K(5) was effective as a fungistatic agent at concentrations ranging from 0.006 to 0.02%.     

Vertebrates in phylocenogenesis

Phylocenogenesis of vertebrates differs from successions and phylocenogenesis of phytocenoses in that vertebrates do not die off but only change their habitat upon transition between stages of succession. Phylocenogenesis of vertebrates is independent of that of plant communities. Changes in species composition, including speciation, that do not lead to the rearrangement of relationships in the native vertebrate community are not phytocenological events. Phylocenogenesis is initiated by the origination or invasion of life forms that are new for a given ecosystem, which leads to changes in the structure of ecological connections and redistribution of matter and energy fluxes. A phylogenetic change at the level of vertebrate community implies irreversible alteration in the composition of life forms and ecological interactions in the ecosystem.     

Pteridines as Reflecting Pigments and Components of Reflecting Organelles in Vertebrates

This paper reviews evidence for the presence of pteridines in iridophores, leucophores, and xanthophores in a wide variety of vertebrate chromatophores, and argues that the chemical and functional distinction between pterinosomes and reflecting platelets is not as clear-cut as previously believed. Observations indicate that: (1) Pteridines may, either alone or in conjunction with purines, form pigment granules that reflect light, (2) these pigment granules are highly variable ranging from fibrous pterinosomes to typical reflecting platelets and may be colored, reflect white light, or be iridescent, and (3) many “leucophores” probably contain typical pterinosomes and presumed associated colorless pteridines and are therefore more closely related to erythrophores and xanthophores than to iridophores with which they are usually classified. We propose that the classification of pigment cells should be modified to reflect these facts.     

Resveratrol as a Therapeutic Agent for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Excess production of reactive oxygen species in the brain has been implicated as a common underlying risk factor for the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. In recent years, there is considerable interest concerning investigation of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic compounds from different botanical sources. In this review, we first describe oxidative mechanisms associated with stroke, AD, and PD, and subsequently, we place emphasis on recent studies implicating neuroprotective effects of resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound derived from grapes and red wine. These studies show that the beneficial effects of resveratrol are not only limited to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action but also include activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and vitagenes, which can prevent the deleterious effects triggered by oxidative stress. In fact, SIRT1 activation by resveratrol is gaining importance in the development of innovative treatment strategies for stroke and other neurodegenerative disorders. The goal here is to provide a better understanding of the mode of action of resveratrol and its possible use as a potential therapeutic agent to ameliorate stroke damage as well as other age-related neurodegenerative disorders.     

Hydrogen as a New Class of Radioprotective Agent

It is well known that most of the ionizing radiation-induced damage is caused by hydroxyl radicals (·OH) follows radiolysis of H2O. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has antioxidant activities by selectively reducing ·OH and peroxynitrite(ONOO-). We firstly hypothesized and demonstrated the radioprotective effect of H2 in vitro and in vivo, which was also repeated on different experimental animal models by different departments. A randomized, placebo-controlled study showed that consumption of hydrogen-rich water reduces the biological reaction to radiation-induced oxidative stress without compromising anti-tumor effects. These encouraging results suggested that H2 represents a potentially novel preventative strategy for radiation-induced oxidative injuries. H2 is explosive. Therefore, administration of hydrogen-rich solution (physiological saline/pure water/other solutions saturated with H2) may be more practical in daily life and more suitable for daily consumption. This review focuses on major scientific and clinical advances of hydrogen-rich solution/H2 as a new class of radioprotective agent.