天然二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱的富集

二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱是重要的药物辅料,本研究使用冷冻分提的方法提高产品中二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱的含量。在研究试验条件下,取分提溶剂乙醇的体积分数为95%,液固比为2.5,结晶温度为-7℃,以二亚磷脂酰胆碱含量为49.8%的大豆磷脂酰胆碱为原料,制备得到二亚磷脂酰胆碱含量为59.4%的产品,该产品二亚磷脂酰胆碱含量大于国外同类产品。并通过MS对二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱进行了进一步确证。     

冬虫夏草及杜仲磷脂成分的研究

本文对不同产地的冬虫夏草及杜仲磷脂成分进行了分析研究。以钼蓝比色法测定了它们的总磷脂含量,采用薄层色谱扫描和吸光度比例系数校正法测定了其磷脂组成及相对百分含量。冬虫夏草约含8种磷脂组分,主要成分为磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰叽醇、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酸。杜仲约含6种磷脂组分,其中以溶血磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰胆碱为主。     

酿酒酵母酚类抑制物耐受性脂质组学研究

通过脂质组学分析方法从细胞膜磷脂分布方面探究适应进化酿酒酵母酚酸耐受性机制。主要利用高效液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)对酚酸胁迫下适应进化菌株和原始菌株脂质成分检测并进行统计学比较分析。检测出565种脂质代谢物,包含细胞膜磷脂185种。相比初始菌株,适应进化菌株细胞膜中磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)和磷脂酰肌醇(PI)类磷脂分子相对含量增加,含有长链(C32-C36)和双不饱和脂酰链的磷脂分子含量增加。统计学分析表明显著性差异磷脂分子主要为含有长链不饱和脂酰链的PC和PE类磷脂分子。推测适应进化菌株通过膜磷脂重塑提高细胞膜完整性,对酚类抑制物起到选择性屏障作用,从而保持细胞活性。     

急性热应激对大鼠肺细胞膜磷脂代谢及膜流动性的影响

使用高效液相色谱法测定了正常健康雄性大鼠经急性热应激致肛温达42℃后,肺细胞膜中磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS),磷脂酰胆碱(PC)的变化,同时用荧光探剂标记红细胞和肺组织细胞膜制剂,采用偏振荧光法测定了膜流动性的改变。结果表明,正常大鼠的PS和PC分别为425.1±68.1μg/g湿重和53.5±9.7mg/g湿重,肛温达42℃持续15min时,两者明显减低,分别为224.3±51.3μg/g湿重和26.5±5.5mg/g湿重。热应激大鼠置于室温下恢复4h后,两者又都回到正常水平。热应激后,大鼠红细胞膜及肺组织细胞膜的流动性明显降低。表明膜磷脂含量的改变对膜流动性有明显的影响。     

阿尔茨海默病转基因模型Tg2576小鼠血清的代谢组学研究

目的 Tg2576转基因小鼠与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)患者的病理改变相近,本文动态研究了Tg2576小鼠在AD发病不同阶段的血清代谢物特征,为临床AD的早期诊断提供代谢依据。方法收集Tg2576小鼠在AD发病初期(6个月)和末期(12个月)时的血清样本,采集样本的1HNMR谱并运用多变量分析方法进行代谢特征的分析。结果结果显示Tg2576与C57小鼠分别在6和12个月时的血清代谢特征有明显差异,且不同AD发病阶段的Tg2576小鼠具有明显的代谢差异。与C57小鼠相比,在AD出现的初期阶段,Tg2576小鼠血清中乳酸、肌醇和氨基酸(如亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、丙氨酸)的含量升高,而脂质、胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱/甘油磷脂酰胆碱、甜菜碱、甘氨酸和葡萄糖含量降低;在AD发病的末期,血清中乳酸、肌醇和丙氨酸的含量继续上升,脂质、胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱/甘油磷脂酰胆碱、甜菜碱和甘氨酸含量持续降低,同时谷氨酸和肌酸含量初步显示出下降趋势。通过比较AD的初期和末期血清代谢物,我们能够发现疾病末期血清中乳酸、肌醇和丙氨酸含量升高,脂质、胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱、甘油磷脂酰胆碱含量降低。在这些代谢物中,乳酸、脂质、胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱和甘油磷脂酰胆碱在AD发生初期已具有显著性变化,且与AD发生的严重程度密切相关。结论结果表明Tg2576小鼠中乳酸与阿尔茨海默病程度的加重呈正相关变化,而脂质、胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱和甘油磷脂酰胆碱呈负相关改变,且这些代谢物随着疾病的发展呈动态进行性变化,可能是AD早期诊断的重要代谢标志物。     

LC-MS/MS法分析北五味子中的木脂素成分

建立了同时测定北五味子果实中6种木脂素含量的高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱方法。样品经正己烷提取,提取液过滤后通过旋转蒸发仪浓缩近干,用甲醇溶解,然后采用LC-MS/MS进行测定。6种木脂素在0.005～10.0 mg/g范围内呈良好线性,相关系数为0.9907～0.9998。6种木脂素的定量限为4.0×10-4～1.5×10-3mg/g,平均添加回收率为81.01%～92.45%,相对标准偏差为3.05%～7.98%。采用本文所建立的方法对北五味子果实进行测定,获得了很好的分离效果,分析结果令人满意。     

土壤假单胞菌593使用Pcs途径合成磷酯酰胆碱

【目的】原核生物有两条代谢途径N-甲基化途径(Pmt途径)和磷脂酰胆碱合酶途径(Pcs途径)合成磷脂酰胆碱(PC)。本文对土壤细菌Pseudomonas sp.593的磷脂酰胆碱合成进行了研究,试图弄清楚假单胞菌的磷脂酰胆碱的合成途径。【方法】通过氨基酸序列比较,获得已报道的磷脂酰胆碱合酶(Pcs)的氨基酸保守序列,并设计简并引物,从Pseudomonas sp.593总DNA中PCR扩增出磷脂酰胆碱合酶基因(pcs)的片段,然后用扩增的DNA片段作探针,对Pseudomonas sp.593基因组DNA亚克隆文库进行菌落原位杂交,获得pcs全基因序列;利用同源重组原理进行活体突变,获得Pseudomonas sp.593 pcs-突变体;采用薄层层析(TLC)法分析细菌总磷脂,检测PC含量以及pcs基因活性。【结果】TLC分析显示Pseudomonas sp.593细菌仅在添加外源胆碱的M9或LB培养基中生长时才合成PC;从Pseudomonas sp.593细菌中克隆出894 bp的DNA序列,编码的蛋白具有磷脂酰胆碱合酶活性;活体缺失pcs基因后,Pseudomonas sp.593 pcs-突变体在添加或不添加胆碱的条件下都不能合成PC。【结论】Pcs途径是土壤Pseudomonas sp.593乃至其它假单胞菌合成磷脂酰胆碱的唯一途径。     

大豆磷脂组成的研究——Ⅱ.总脂肪酸及各种磷脂组分疏水侧链脂肪酸组成的气相色谱分析

在前文用单向薄层色谱解决大豆磷脂各种磷脂组分分析问题的基础上,本文又分析了大豆磷脂的总脂肪酸组成。并通过薄层色谱和气相色谱分析了大豆磷脂各种磷脂组分(包括溶血磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酸、磷脂酰甘油和双磷脂酰甘油等)疏水侧链的脂肪酸组成。     

大豆磷脂组成的研究——Ⅱ.总脂肪酸及各种磷脂组分疏水侧链脂肪酸组成的气相色谱分析

在前文用单向薄层色谱解决大豆磷脂各种磷脂组分分析问题的基础上,本文又分析了大豆磷脂的总脂肪酸组成。并通过薄层色谱和气相色谱分析了大豆磷脂各种磷脂组分(包括溶血磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酸、磷脂酰甘油和双磷脂酰甘油等)疏水侧链的脂肪酸组成。     

磷脂对乙酰胆碱酯酶的稳定性及磷酸化作用的影响

采用重组的方法,磷脂能显著地提高纯化的黄姑鱼肌肉乙酰胆碱酯酶在水溶液中保存的稳定性。牛脑磷脂酰丝氨酸及牛脑磷脂酰胆碱重组酶,在4℃条件下保存,皆有比对照更高的稳定性。酶与牛脑磷脂酰胆碱重组后,再分别于室温及37℃放置50天,其活力不下降。而对照的活力分别下降为重组前活力的1/2及1/4。在某些稀释条件下,牛脑及牛脊髓磷脂酰丝氨酸重组酶的活性迅速下降。稀释液中钙离子的存在,能阻止这种磷脂对酶的抑制作用。而磷脂酰胆碱重组酶及对照酶皆无此种在稀释条件下的活力迅速下降的现象。牛脑磷脂酰胆碱与酶的重组还能提高对氧磷与酶的反应活性。该重组酶与对氧磷反应的双分子速度常数高达9.0×10~8M~(-1)分~(-1)。因此,此种磷脂酰胆碱重组酶是酶分析法测定极低浓度有机磷化合物的一种较好的酶源。     

Determination of huperzine A in formulated products by reversed-phase-liquid chromatography using diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection.

A precise and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with diode-array detection for quantifying huperzine A in formulated products was developed and validated. A liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (LC/MS) procedure was devised to confirm the HPLC method. Huperzine A was dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane, chromatographed on a YMCBasic C18 column, and detected at 308 nm. A gradient mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH = 3.5)--methanol was used. Identification was based on retention time, UV spectra and mass spectra by comparison with a commercial standard. The UV peak areas were used for quantitation of huperzine A content. The correlation coefficient (R2) of the calibration curve was 1 over the range 0.8-11.6 microg/ml. Overall recovery of huperzine A was 103.9% +/- 1.8 (mean +/- SD). Relative standard deviations for intra- and interday precision were < 2%.     

用微孔板分光光度法测定薯蓣皂苷元的含量

为了对植物样品中薯蓣皂苷元的含量进行高通量快速测定,本研究采用高压酸解制备薯蓣皂苷元,以高氯酸为显色剂,用微孔板分光光度法测定样品中薯蓣皂苷元的含量。合适的分析条件为:反应温度为30℃、高氯酸用量为200μL、振荡时间2 min后静置10 min,在410 nm处测定光吸收值。该方法的线性范围为每孔薯蓣皂苷元2～10μg(R=0.9988),平均回收率为99.9%,精密度的RSD为1.65%。该方法操作简单、准确稳定,可实现大批量样品中薯蓣皂苷元的快速检测。     

High-performance liquid chromatography separation of phospholipid classes and arachidonic acid on cyanopropyl columns

An HPLC method for the separation and analysis of arachidonic acid and eight phospholipid classes is described: phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, cardiolipin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and 2-lysophosphatidylcholine. The separation is carried out at 60 degrees C on 2 cyanopropyl columns using a gradient of acetonitrile and 5 mM sodium acetate (pH 5.0). Cyanopropyl columns require a lower proportion of water in the mobile phase to elute the more polar phospholipids than other types of columns and are thus less prone to equilibration problems. The method is highly reproducible (average coefficient of variation for each retention time less than or equal to 3.5%) and permits analysis of peaks by phosphorus content. Data obtained by analyzing lipid extracts from rat alveolar macrophages prelabeled with [G-3H]-arachidonic acid were analyzed by this HPLC method and compared to standard analysis by TLC. There was a significant correlation between the radioactivity profiles obtained with the two chromatographic methods (HPLC versus TLC) by linear regression analysis [HPLC = 0.83 (TLC) + 3.58, n = 25, r = 0.95, P less than 0.001].     

Quantification of erufosine, the first intravenously applicable alkylphosphocholine, in human plasma by isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using a deuterated internal standard

A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of erucylphosphohomocholine (erufosine, ErPC(3)) in pharmacokinetic studies. Nine-fold deuterated ErPC(3) was used as the internal standard. Following protein precipitation, reversed phase chromatography was performed. For analyte detection, electrospray ionization in the positive mode was applied. The mass transition m/z 504.4>139.1 was recorded for ErPC(3), and the transition m/z 513.7>139.1 for the internal standard, respectively. Good linearity with a correlation coefficient >0.99 was found for the range of 0.48-15 mg/L ErPC(3) in plasma (0.93-29.8 microM), the important range for clinical pharmacokinetic analysis. Interassay coefficients (n=10) of variation between 4.2% and 5.5% were found for ErPC(3) pool samples with concentrations between 4.7 mg/L and 44.0mg/L, respectively. The method has been used for analyses during a phase I clinical trial of ErPC(3).     

Simultaneous analysis of amoxicillin and sulbactam in human plasma by HPLC-DAD for assessment of bioequivalence

A simple and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection-based (HPLC-DAD) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and sulbactam in human plasma. Sample preparation was involved in protein precipitation with acetonitrile followed by one-step extraction procedure. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of water (containing 30 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 2.8) and acetonitrile. The detection wavelengths of a diode array detector were set at 210 nm for amoxicillin and sulbactam, and 263 nm for the internal standard (cefadroxil). The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and stability. The calibration curve was linear from 0.163 to 14.7 μg/mL with correlation coefficient squared of 0.9991 for amoxicillin and 0.250-15.0 μg/mL with correlation coefficient squared of 0.9988 for sulbactam using 500 μL plasma samples. The lower limit of quantification was 0.163 and 0.250 μg/mL for amoxicillin and sulbactam, respectively. The imprecisions of intra- and inter-day validations for amoxicillin and sulbactam were <11% and their accuracies (%) were within the range of 95.4-105.7%. Mean recoveries were 75.9, 72.8, and 70.0% for amoxicillin, sulbactam, and cefadroxil, respectively. The established method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of two combination formulations of amoxicillin and sulbactam pivoxil in healthy male volunteers.     

食品中农药残留的高通量微生物检测方法研究

目的甲胺磷的微生物高通量定量分析法,并在待检蔬菜样品进行初步的探索。方法以短双歧杆菌LJM-006作为测试菌,选择浓度为0、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0 mg/L的甲胺磷标准品溶液20μL加入所述检测管内,37℃厌氧培养8～10 h,分别测定反应管和阴性对照反应管的A500值,B值为样品反应管的A500值,B0值为阴性对照反应管的A500值;以B/B0为纵坐标Y,甲胺磷浓度的对数值为横坐标X,绘制标准曲线,建立甲胺磷含量与B/B0的线性回归方程;以此方法进行模拟食品样品中所含甲胺磷检测,进行准确度、精密度分析。结果双歧杆菌菌株LJM-006对甲胺磷敏感性高,与其他有机磷农药的交叉反应率均小于2%;在0.01～100 mg/L浓度范围内B/B0与甲胺磷浓度对数值的线性关系良好,甲胺磷检测的标准曲线为Y=-24.68X＋66.72,R2为0.9902,IC50=0.25 mg/L,检测下限达到0.1 mg/L,回收率为78.5%～105.7%,批内变异系数≤12%,批间变异系数≤8.2%。结论该方法具有操作简便,具备一定灵敏度和特异性等优点,可作为一种食品中甲胺磷残留筛检方法。     

Rapid determination of trace thiabendazole in apple juice utilizing dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with fluorescence spectrophotometry

Food safety has become a large concern and prompts an urgent need for the development of rapid, simple and sensitive analytical methods that can monitor pesticide residues in foods. This study aimed to provide a method for quantitative determination of trace thiabendazole in apple juice. Due to its high sensitivity and selectivity, fluorescence spectrophotometry was utilized as a front end to dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME). The experimental parameters that influenced the extraction were systematically investigated. Under optimum conditions, the whole procedure, including DLLME and analysis of one sample, was carried out within 5 min, and linearity was found in the 5–50 µg/L range with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9987. The limit of detection value was 2.2 µg/L. Good reproducibility was achieved based with a less than 4.5% relative standard deviation (RSD) for five replicates at different sample concentrations. This method was shown to be suitable for rapid and sensitive quantification of thiabendazole in apple juice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fluoranthene determination based on a rapid and sensitive syringe extraction and solid-phase fluorescence technique

A rapid and sensitive strategy was proposed for the detection of fluoranthene (FL), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), in water samples. In this work, syringe solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with solid-phase fluorescence spectrometry was used to determine FL in PAHs polluted environmental samples. The fluorescence signals were directly monitored on the membrane surface after FL was enriched by syringe SPE. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method showed a linear relationship in the concentration range 2–50 μg/L with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.998, and the limit of detection was 0.143 μg/L. The recoveries varied from 93.47% to 109.81% in the actual samples, with the relative standard deviations (n = 3) ranging from 2.06% to 6.32%. According to the results, the established method can be applied in the field of rapid detection as it is fast, simple, portable, and highly sensitive, and has strong anti-interference.     

Three phases hollow fiber LPME combined with HPLC-UV for extraction, preconcentration and determination of valerenic acid in Valeriana officinalis

In the present work, the applicability of hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) was evaluated for the extraction and preconcentration of valerenic acid prior to its determination by reversed-phase HPLC/UV. The target drug was extracted from 5.0 mL of aqueous solution with pH 3.5 into an organic extracting solvent (dihexyl ether) impregnated in the pores of a hollow fiber and finally back extracted into 10 μ L of aqueous solution with pH 9.5 located inside the lumen of the hollow fiber. In order to obtain high extraction efficiency, the parameters affecting the HF-LPME, including pH of the donor and acceptor phases, type of organic phase, ionic strength, the volume ratio of donor to acceptor phase, stirring rate and extraction time were studied and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, enrichment factor up to 446 was achieved and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the method was 4.36% (n = 9). The linear range was 7.5-850 μg L?1 with correlation coefficient (r2=0.999), detection limits was 2.5 μg L?1 and the LOQ was 7.5 μg L?1. The proposed method was evaluated by extraction and determination of valerenic acid in some Iranian wild species of Valerianaceae.     

Determination of ellagic acid in oak leaves and in sheep ruminal fluid by ion-pair RP-HPLC

An isocratic ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-RP-HPLC) method with UV detection was developed to identify and quantify ellagic acid (EA). This phenolic compound is widely distributed in the plants and is often present in the diet of ruminants. The method was validated and validation parameters were: linearity range 5-100 mg/L; correlation coefficient, 0.9995; mean recoveries (99.94 and 101.07%) and detection limit 1.4 mg/L. Method was applied for the determination of ellagic acid in oak leaves and in ruminal fluid from to a vitro ruminal system. The proposed method proved to be rapid and accurate and can be successfully used in ruminant nutrition studies.