Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Seedling and Adult Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat

Use of genetic diversity from related wild and domesticated species has made a significant contribution to improving wheat productivity. Synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs) exhibit natural genetic variation for resistance and/or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Stripe rust caused by (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici; Pst), is an important disease of wheat worldwide. To characterise loci conferring resistance to stripe rust in SHWs, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with a panel of 181 SHWs using the wheat 9K SNP iSelect array. The SHWs were evaluated for their response to the prevailing races of Pst at the seedling and adult plant stages, the latter in replicated field trials at two sites in Ethiopia in 2011. About 28% of the SHWs exhibited immunity at the seedling stage while 56% and 83% were resistant to Pst at the adult plant stage at Meraro and Arsi Robe, respectively. A total of 27 SNPs in nine genomic regions (1BS, 2AS, 2BL, 3BL, 3DL, 5A, 5BL, 6DS and 7A) were linked with resistance to Pst at the seedling stage, while 38 SNPs on 18 genomic regions were associated with resistance at the adult plant stage. Six genomic regions were commonly detected at both locations using a mixed linear model corrected for population structure, kinship relatedness and adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR). The loci on chromosome regions 1AS, 3DL, 6DS and 7AL appeared to be novel QTL; our results confirm that resynthesized wheat involving its progenitor species is a rich source of new stripe (yellow) rust resistance that may be useful in choosing SHWs and incorporating diverse yellow rust (YR) resistance loci into locally adapted wheat cultivars.     

8个小麦育种亲本抗叶锈基因分析

选取19个小麦叶锈菌生理小种对8个小麦育种亲本进行成株期和苗期抗叶锈病鉴定及基因推导,同时利用与24个抗叶锈基因紧密连锁或共分离的31个分子标记进行分子检测。推测出L83#-5与L83#-6含有Lr1,可能含有Lr2c和Lr42;L/PL2003-1含有Lr1,可能含有Lr2c、Lr28和Lr42;贵农13号可能含有Lr28;92R137可能含有Lr2c和Lr28;L201含有Lr1,可能含有Lr2c、Lr16和Lr28;TM可能含有Lr41和其他抗叶锈基因。研究结果表明,测试的8个小麦育种亲本中TM的抗叶锈性最好,具有很好的抗叶锈病应用潜力,可作为小麦抗叶锈病育种的重要抗源。     

新疆的小麦品种（系）苗期和成株期抗叶锈性鉴定

对来自新疆的104个小麦品种、高代品系及35个含有已知抗叶锈基因载体品种,在苗期接种12个中国小麦叶锈菌生理小种进行抗叶锈基因推导分析和分子检测;2007-2008年和2008-2009年连续2年度对这些材料进行成株抗叶锈性鉴定并筛选慢叶锈性品种。研究结果显示,在41个品种中共鉴定出6个已知抗叶锈基因Lr26、Lr34、Lr50、Lr3ka、Lr1和Lr14a,其中Lr26存在于21个品种中,Lr34在17个品种被发现,Lr1和Lr14a分别存在于3个品种中,还有2个品种携带Lr3ka以及1个品种携带Lr50。2年田间抗叶锈性鉴定筛选出7个慢叶锈性品种,可用于小麦抗病育种。     

Construction of Immune Lines with Complex Resistance to Leaf Rust and Powdery Mildew in Common Spring Wheat Cultivar Saratovskaya 29

Immune lines resistant both to leaf rust and to powdery mildew were constructed on the basis of common wheat cultivar Saratovskaya 29. Synthetic wheat Triticum timopheevii/Aegilops squarrosa (AAGGDD, 2n = 42) of Savov (Bulgaria) was used as a source of resistance genes. Using cytological analysis of BC₂, we selected resistant plants (21") free from meiosis 1 (M1) defects. With these plants and continuous selection, BC₈–BC₉ immune lines were obtained. The lines were shown to carry new resistance genes differing from the known ones, and were proposed as donors of immunity to the diseases.     

Biochemical Profiling of Seedling and Adult Plant and Its Association with Spot Blotch Resistance in Bread Wheat

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - Spot blotch of wheat is an emerging threat that causes an annual yield loss of ~17%. The progression of the disease is believed to be dependent on the stage of...     

Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Resistance to Leaf and Stripe Rust in Winter-Habit Hexaploid Wheat Landraces

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), and stripe rust, caused by P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), are destructive foliar diseases of wheat worldwide. Breeding for disease resistance is the preferred strategy of managing both diseases. The continued emergence of new races of Pt and Pst requires a constant search for new sources of resistance. Here we report a genome-wide association analysis of 567 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) landrace accessions using the Infinium iSelect 9K wheat SNP array to identify loci associated with seedling resistance to five races of Pt (MDCL, MFPS, THBL, TDBG, and TBDJ) and one race of Pst (PSTv-37) frequently found in the Northern Great Plains of the United States. Mixed linear models identified 65 and eight significant markers associated with leaf rust and stripe rust, respectively. Further, we identified 31 and three QTL associated with resistance to Pt and Pst, respectively. Eleven QTL, identified on chromosomes 3A, 4A, 5A, and 6D, are previously unknown for leaf rust resistance in T. aestivum.     

小麦叶锈病新抗源筛选

小麦叶锈病是小麦生产的主要病害之一,发病严重时往往导致大幅度减产。叶锈菌生理小种的变异易导致抗病基因抗性的丧失,因此不断获得新抗源对小麦抗病育种至关重要。小麦近缘植物中含有丰富的小麦育种所需的抗病基因。本研究从小麦-近缘植物双二倍体、附加系、代换系或易位系等创新种质中筛选出小麦叶锈病新抗源,为利用这些新抗源打下基础。苗期对116份供试材料人工接种美国堪萨斯州流行的小麦叶锈菌混合生理小种 (Lrcomp) ,其中部分材料人工接种09-9-1441-1等5个中国当前流行的叶锈菌生理小种进行抗性鉴定,筛选获得新抗源。116份种质中,31份免疫、近免疫或高抗Lrcomp。含有希尔斯山羊草、尾状山羊草、拟斯卑尔脱山羊草、两芒山羊草、卵穗山羊草、沙融山羊草、柱穗山羊草、顶芒山羊草、小伞山羊草、偏凸山羊草、中间偃麦草、茸毛偃麦草、长穗偃麦草、粗穗披碱草、栽培黑麦、非洲黑麦、提莫菲维染色质的部分种质免疫或高抗Lrcomp,而含二角山羊草、无芒山羊草、沙生冰草、多年生簇毛麦和一年生簇毛麦染色质的种质表现中感至高感Lrcomp。希尔斯山羊草4S染色体、尾状山羊草C#1和D#1染色体和两芒山羊草、顶芒山羊草中可能含有未被报道的抗Lrcomp的新基因,值得进一步向小麦转育。小麦-粗穗披碱草1HtS.1BL罗伯逊易位系对Lrcomp及 09-9-1441-1和09-9-1426-1等5个中国当前流行叶锈菌生理小种近免疫,值得利用染色体工程等方法获得小片段抗病易位系应用于我国小麦抗叶锈育种。     

15个小麦农家品种抗叶锈基因分析

本研究旨在明确小麦农家品种中可能含有的抗叶锈病基因,为抗源的选择和利用提供理论依据。以15个小麦农家品种、感病对照品种郑州5389和36个含有已知抗叶锈病基因的载体品种为材料,苗期接种19个具有鉴别力的叶锈菌生理小种进行基因推导,同时利用12个与抗叶锈病基因紧密连锁的分子标记进行分析。为明确其成株期抗性,分别于2016-2017年和2017-2018年在河北保定对小麦农家品种、感病对照品种郑州5389与慢锈品种SAAR进行田间接种,调查并记录田间严重度及普遍率。基因推导和分子标记检测结果显示,在15个小麦农家品种中共检测到7个抗叶锈病基因,其中部分品种还有多个抗性基因,如红狗豆含有Lr1和Lr46;黄花麦含有Lr13和Lr34;大白麦含有Lr14b和Lr26;洋麦含有Lr37和Lr46;成都光头含有Lr34和Lr46;墨脱麦和西山扁穗含有Lr26和Lr46。部分品种含有1个成株期慢叶锈病抗性基因,如同家坝小麦、武都白茧儿、边巴春麦-6、白花麦含有Lr34;红抢麦、白扁穗和白火麦含有Lr46。这些携带有效抗叶锈病基因的农家品种,可为小麦抗叶锈病育种提供抗源。     

基因组分析与小麦抗病育种

系统总结了南京农业大学细胞遗传研究所近 2 0多年来利用基因组分析方法培育从簇毛麦 (Haynaldiavil losaSch .)、大赖草 (LeymusracemosusLam .)、鹅观草 (RoegneriakamojiC .Koch)和纤毛鹅观草 (R .ciliaris (Trin .)Nevs ki)导入白粉病和赤霉病抗性的小麦种质的研究进展。利用染色体C_分带、基因组原位杂交、分子标记 (特别是RFLP)等技术与非整倍体分析相结合对所创制的种质进行了系统分析与鉴定。还对所培育的小麦种质在育种实践和理论研究中的潜在价值及相关问题进行了讨论     

小麦品系5R618抗叶锈基因的初步定位

5R618是高抗叶锈病小麦品系。为了确定该品系所携带的抗叶锈基因,以5R618与感病小麦品种郑州5389杂交获得F1,自交获得F2分离群体以及F2∶3家系,用叶锈菌生理小种THJP对亲本、F2分离群体以及F2∶3家系进行叶锈抗性鉴定,然后进行分子标记分析。结果显示,5R618对生理小种THJP的抗病性由1对显性基因控制,该基因暂命名为Lr5R。经过亲本和抗感池间分子标记筛选以及F2∶3家系的标记检测,Lr5R定位于染色体3DL上,barc71和STS24-16是Lr5R最近的2个标记,遗传距离分别为0.9 c M和2.1 c M。     

基因组分析与小麦抗病育种

系统总结了南京农业大学细胞遗传研究所近20多年来利用基因组分析方法培育从簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa Sch.)、大赖草(Leymus racemosus Lam.)、鹅观草(Roegneria kamoji C. Koch)和纤毛鹅观草(R. ciliaris (Trin.) Nevski)导入白粉病和赤霉病抗性的小麦种质的研究进展.利用染色体C-分带、基因组原位杂交、分子标记(特别是RFLP)等技术与非整倍体分析相结合对所创制的种质进行了系统分析与鉴定.还对所培育的小麦种质在育种实践和理论研究中的潜在价值及相关问题进行了讨论.     

Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Novel Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Resistance to Multiple Leaf Spot Diseases of Spring Wheat

Accelerated wheat development and deployment of high-yielding, climate resilient, and disease resistant cultivars can contribute to enhanced food security and sustainable intensification. To facilitate gene discovery, we assembled an association mapping panel of 528 spring wheat landraces of diverse geographic origin for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). All accessions were genotyped using an Illumina Infinium 9K wheat single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip and 4781 polymorphic SNPs were used for analysis. To identify loci underlying resistance to the major leaf spot diseases and to better understand the genomic patterns, we quantified population structure, allelic diversity, and linkage disequilibrium. Our results showed 32 loci were significantly associated with resistance to the major leaf spot diseases. Further analysis identified QTL effective against major leaf spot diseases of wheat which appeared to be novel and others that were previously identified by association analysis using Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) and bi-parental mapping. In addition, several identified SNPs co-localized with genes that have been implicated in plant disease resistance. Future work could aim to select the putative novel loci and pyramid them in locally adapted wheat cultivars to develop broad-spectrum resistance to multiple leaf spot diseases of wheat via marker-assisted selection (MAS).     

Analysis of Spring Triticale Collection for Leaf Rust Resistance Genes with PCR Markers

Russian Journal of Genetics - The results of PCR analysis of the collection of spring triticale accessions for the presence of genes Lr9, Lr12, Lr19, Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr29, and Lr47 (conferring...     

小麦品种莱州137抗叶锈性鉴定及基因检测

摘要：小麦叶锈病是小麦生产中的重要病害,培育持久抗叶锈性品种可以有效、经济地控制该病害。本文通过基因推导、分子检测结合系谱分析成株抗性鉴定对小麦重要生产品种中抗病基因进行分析,从而确定小麦品种中所携带的抗病基因。本试验用20个不同毒力的叶锈菌菌系、36个已知抗叶锈基因载体品种以及感病对照品种郑州5389对供试品种莱州137进行苗期抗叶锈病基因推导分析,并分别用12个与抗叶锈病基因连锁的分子标记进行目的基因的分子检测,同时利用系谱分析法来验证莱州137所携带的已知抗叶锈病基因;在2014-2015年度和2015-2016年度将莱州137、慢锈性对照品种SAAR和感病对照品种郑州5389种植于河北农业大学小麦试验田和河南周口黄泛区农场试验田,用田间混合生理小种（FHRT、THTT、THJT）接种进行成株期抗病性鉴定。结果表明,通过苗期基因推导分析,莱州137对小种FGBQ、PGJQ、TGTT、THSM、PHGM、PHST、FHJS、FHGQ、FNTQ、PRSQ和KHGQ表现抗病,而Lr26对FGBQ、PGJQ和TGTT高抗,Lr10和Lr14b分别对小种THSM、PHGM和PHST、PHGM、THTT表现高抗,同时系谱分析和分子检测也验证已知抗叶锈基因Lr26和Lr10,因此在供试品种莱州137中鉴定出Lr26、Lr10、Lr14b以及未知的抗叶锈病基因;根据2年2点的田间抗叶锈病鉴定,莱州137表现出成株抗性特点,且经分子标记检测该品种中未含有Lr34和Lr46,故小麦品种莱州137中含有未知的成株抗叶锈性基因,可作为新的小麦叶锈病抗源加以利用。     

Association Analysis of Stem Rust Resistance in U.S. Winter Wheat

Stem rust has become a renewed threat to global wheat production after the emergence and spread of race TTKSK (also known as Ug99) and related races from Africa. To elucidate U.S. winter wheat resistance genes to stem rust, association mapping was conducted using a panel of 137 lines from cooperative U.S. winter wheat nurseries from 2008 and simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence tagged site (STS) markers across the wheat genome. Seedling infection types were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment using six U.S. stem rust races (QFCSC, QTHJC, RCRSC, RKQQC, TPMKC and TTTTF) and TTKSK, and adult plant responses to bulked U.S. races were evaluated in a field experiment. A linearization algorithm was used to convert the qualitative Stakman scale seedling infection types for quantitative analysis. Association mapping successfully detected six known stem rust seedling resistance genes in U.S. winter wheat lines with frequencies: Sr6 (12%), Sr24 (9%), Sr31 (15%), Sr36 (9%), Sr38 (19%), and Sr1RS^Amigo (8%). Adult plant resistance gene Sr2 was present in 4% of lines. SrTmp was postulated to be present in several hard winter wheat lines, but the frequency could not be accurately determined. Sr38 was the most prevalent Sr gene in both hard and soft winter wheat and was the most effective Sr gene in the adult plant field test. Resistance to TTKSK was associated with nine markers on chromosome 2B that were in linkage disequilibrium and all of the resistance was attributed to the Triticum timopheevii chromosome segment carrying Sr36. Potential novel rust resistance alleles were associated with markers Xwmc326-203 on 3BL, Xgwm160-195 and Xwmc313-225 on 4AL near Sr7, Xgwm495-182 on 4BL, Xwmc622-147 and Xgwm624-146 on 4DL, and Xgwm334-123 on 6AS near Sr8. Xwmc326-203 was associated with adult plant resistance to bulked U.S. races and Xgwm495-182 was associated with seedling resistance to TTKSK.     

Evaluation of Macroscopic and Microscopic Components of Partial Resistance to Leaf Rust in Durum Wheat

Leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, is considered one of the most important foliar diseases in durum wheat. Hypersensitive resistance (HR) may be rapidly overcome by the pathogen when resistant cultivars are grown on a large acreage or following changes in virulence in the pathogen population. Prolonging the durability of the resistance requires uses of other types of resistance such as partial resistance (PR). In this study, six durum wheat lines provided by the International Center for Corn and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) with a high level of PR to leaf rust were studied in monocyclic tests in a growth chamber. Inoculations were performed on both primary and fifth leaves using the Spanish race DGB/BN. UV fluorescence microscopy was employed to determine microscopic components of the resistance, such as the number of early aborted infection units not associated with plant cell necrosis (EA?) and relative colony size (RCS) of the established infection units. Macroscopic components of PR such as latency period, infection frequency and uredinium size were measured as well. All six resistant lines were characterized by a higher EA? and smaller RCS respect to the susceptible control ‘Don Rafael’. Line 3 showed the highest level of PR. It had 22% of EA? compared with 4% in the susceptible control, and the smallest RCS (17% respect to RCS of ‘Don Rafael’) at adult plant stage. Both EA? and RCS had a high heritability (more than 97%) and the correlation with macroscopic parameters (latency period and uredinium size) was also high (significant at 0.001 level). Hence, PR to leaf rust in these durum wheat genotypes has been revealed at microscopic level (higher EA? and smaller RCS).     

小麦秆锈抗性遗传及抗性基因研究进展

目前国际上已发现近80个小麦抗秆锈基因,其中45个抗秆锈基因已被正式定名,58个抗秆锈基因已定位在小麦特定染色体上,其中12个基因被标记。本文对小麦抗秆锈病基因抗源、抗秆锈性遗传、分子标记研究现状及存在问题加以综述,并对抗秆锈分子遗传前景进行展望。     

2003-2013年小麦品种(系)抗条锈性鉴定及评价

2003-2013年在甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所兰州温室和甘谷试验站,分别对来自国内35个相关育种单位的冬春小麦品种(系)5001份,其中冬小麦4291份、春小麦710份,进行苗期混合菌、成株期分小种和混合菌抗条锈性接种鉴定,结果表明:全生育期表现免疫近免疫的有兰天31号等479份,高抗的有兰天23号等76份,中抗的有天选49等291份,分别占9.58％、1.52％和5.82％;成株期表现免疫近免疫的有天选50号等840份,高抗的有兰天27号等47份,中抗的有天选52等311份,分别占16.80％、0.94％和6.22％;苗期表现免疫近免疫的有兰天30号等964份,高抗的有天98102等122份,中抗的有00-30等273份,分别占19.28％、2.44％和5.46％.冬小麦有天选49号等914份材料表现全生育期抗病,占18.28％;有97-473等906份成株期表现抗病,占18.12％;有兰天20号等1225份苗期表现抗病,占24.50％.春小麦有定西41号等113份材料全生育期表现抗病,占2.26％;有陇春28号等125份成株期表现抗病,占2.50％;有0109-1等114份苗期对混合菌表现抗病,占2.28％.先后在甘肃天水汪川良种场对相关材料进行成株期抗条锈性评价,结果发现:1154份从小种圃筛选出的抗病材料中,表现抗病的有兰天31号等745份,占64.56％;105份甘肃陇南生产品种中,到2013年表现抗病的仅有兰天28号、中梁31号等30份材料,占28.57％;后备品系中,00-30-2-1、CP04-20、00127-2-3等抗性表现优异;抗源材料中,仅有贵农775、中四、T.Spelta albun、贵协1、贵协3等少数材料表现抗病,重要抗源材料贵农21、贵农22、南农92R、川麦42、Moro从2011年开始在田间表现感病,逐步失去利用价值.其衍生系品种材料如陇鉴9343、天选43号、中梁29号、兰天17号、兰天24号等也在田间逐步感病,条锈病发生流行压力持续增大.