超干红花种子抗老化作用及其机理

红花种子含水量（ＭＣ）降至５％以下,能显著提高抗老化劣变能力;在同等老化条件下,对照种子（ＭＣ＝９．０１％）活力已大幅度下降,而超干种子的活力保持不变,超干处理对红花种子脱氢酶,过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）及超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性均无明显影响。经同等老化处理后,超干种子脱氢酶活性明显高于对照种子。在同等老化条件下,当对照种子ＣＡＴ和ＳＯＤ活性明显下降时,超干种子仍保持较高活性。红花种子在超干老化处理后     

菜豆种子的超干研究

为了研究菜豆种子超干贮藏的适宜含水量及其机理,采用人工老化法对不同含水量的菜豆种子在老化过程中的活力变化与生理特性进行了研究。通过对含水量为3．4％～9．0％老化菜豆种子的发芽率、脱氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性以及丙二醛含量等指标的检测,结果表明菜豆种子含水量(MC)降至3．8％,能显著提高抗老化劣变的能力。在同等老化处理(50C、20d)后,未超干种子(MC=6．9％～9．0％)发芽率已大幅度下降,而超干种子(MC=3．8％～3．4％)的发芽率仍保持一个很高的水平。与未超干种子相比,超干种子脱氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性明显升高,而丙二醛含量则显著降低。不同含水量菜豆种子POD同工酶谱不同。     

辣椒种子的超干研究

辣椒种子含水量(MC)降至5％以下,能显著提高抗老化劣变的能力。在同等老化处理(50C15d)后,对照种子(MC=7．5％)发芽势已大幅度下降,而超干种子(MC=4．1％～1．4％)的发芽势与未老化种子相同。超干种子脱氢酶活性明显高于同等老化条件下的对照种子,而丙二醛的含量则显著低于对照种子。电导率测定结果表明,超干种子细胞膜系统的完整性良好。     

马缨丹叶提取液对水葫芦叶片中超氧物歧化酶活性和过氧化氢积累的影响

水葫芦[Eichhornia crassipes（Mart）Solms]是世界上繁殖最快、危害最严重的多年生水生杂草之一。为了避免化学除草剂对水体的污染,生物防治已成为当前水葫芦治理的重要方向。马缨丹（Lantana camara）是马鞭草科的一种植物,其叶片提取物对水葫芦有很强的毒性。研究结果表明：经马缨丹叶提取液处理的水葫芦叶片中,超氧物歧化酶（SOD）活性与H2O2浓度均显著升高,但过氧化氢酶的活性受到抑制,膜脂过氧化程度明显增加。H2O2的组织化学染色结果表明H2O2在气孔细胞中有异常高的积累,H2O2过量产生同时导致水葫芦叶片失绿与细胞死亡。因此,氧胁迫可能是马缨丹提取液对水葫芦毒害的主要原因之一。     

植物中的多酚物质对超氧物自由基的清除作用

芒果、番石榴、松、龙眼等叶片和绿茶中含有Ｏ２（超氧物自由基）的非酶促清除剂,仅０．５—１ｍｇ鲜重或０．２９ｍｇ茶叶就相当一个ＳＯＤ酶单位作用,热处理不能降低清除Ｏ２的能力．用显示酚类物质的喷洒剂（ＡｇＮＯ３－ＮＨ４ＯＨ）和显示ＳＯＤ同工酶带的ＮＢＴ法对电泳后的凝胶分别染色处理,对比显示结果,表明酚类物质与ＳＯＤ活性物质有相似的电泳行为,叶片中的酚类物质可能为非酶促清除Ｏ２的组份．人工合成的酚类化合物（对硝基酚、间苯二酚、愈创木酚）和从植物中分离的鞣酸等,在体外均能有效地清除Ｏ２．     

超干处理种子的某些生理生化特性

就种子超干处理后细胞中水分状态变化、膜结构和功能、膜脂过氧化、自由基和其清除系统等问题的研究进展作了介绍。     

超干种子的膜功能与糖组分的研究

采用两相法分离种子质膜,研究超干处理对种子质膜ATP酶活力及膜流动性的影响。结果表明。白菜（Brassica pekinensis(Lour.)Rupr)。榆树（Ulmus pumilaL）种子经超干处理后,在人工老化和自然老化条件下,与在-20℃条件下贮藏的种子比较,超干贮藏种子质膜ATP酶活力和微粘度无显著变化,过干贮藏种子的效应虽有所下降,但仍比高含水量室温贮藏的对照种子为好。此结果与超干种子具较高活力水平完全一致。说明超干贮藏种子保持了质膜的生理功能。因此提高了种子的耐藏性。高效液相色谱分析结果显示超干种子中还原糖/非还原糖的比值低于高含水量种子,积累的蔗糖,水苏糖含量与超干种子的耐干力有关。玉米（Zea maysL.)种子中不含水苏糖,这可能是玉米种子较其他种子耐干力下降的原因之一。     

大豆萌发过程的活性氧代谢

本文研究了大豆萌发过程中活性氧的产生与清除,并探讨了光因子在活性氧代谢中的作用。大豆呼吸强度、O产生速率及H2O2水平都在吸水后第四天达到高峰,然后下降,三者的变化趋势同步。SOD、POD及APX的活性随萌发过程而逐渐增强,最后趋于平稳。SOD同工酶谱中分别于萌发的第二、第三天各出现一条新的酶带。CAT在萌发的初期猛增50倍左右,之后趋于稳定。在三种清除H2O2的酶（CAT、POD、APX）中,CAT清除H2O2的能力远远高于POD与APX,CAT可能是大豆萌发过程中最主要的H2O2清除酶。光萌发时呼吸强度低于暗中萌发,但O产生速率与H2O2水平高于暗萌发,光萌发时O的产生占总耗氧量的1．1—2．7％,而暗中萌发为0．9—1．3％。光条件下SOD、APX活性明显高于暗中萌发,而POD与CAT则在光和暗条件下相差不大。     

超干处理种子的某些生理生化特性1

就种子超干处理后细胞中水分状态变化、膜结构和功能、膜脂过氧化、自由基和其清除系统等问题的研究进展作了介绍.     

超干种子的膜功能与糖组分的研究

采用两相法分离种子质膜,研究超干处理对种子质膜ATP酶活力及膜流动性的影响.结果表明,白菜(Brassica pekinensis(Lour.)Rupr.)、榆树(Ulmus pumila L.)种子经超干处理后,在人工老化和自然老化条件下,与在-20℃条件下贮藏的种子比较,超干贮藏种子质膜ATP酶活力和微粘度无显著变化,过于贮藏种子的效应虽有所下降,但仍比高含水量室温贮藏的对照种子为好.此结果与超干种子具较高活力水平完全一致,说明超干贮藏种子保持了质膜的生理功能,因此提高了种子的耐藏性.高效液相色谱分析结果显示超干种子中还原糖/非还原糖的比值低于高含水量种子,积累的蔗糖、水苏糖含量与超干种子的耐干力有关.玉米(Zea mays L.)种子中不含水苏糖,这可能是玉米种子较其他种子耐干力下降的原因之一.     

超干处理对几种芸苔属植物种子生理生化和细胞超微结构的效应

几种芸苔属植物种子经过超干处理后,发芽力和活力不受影响,耐藏性大为提高。超干及老化后种子的脱氢酶、超氧物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶等酶系统保持完好;丙二醛和挥发性醛类物质等劣变产物相应减少;电导率测定表明,细胞膜系统的完整性良好;透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察表明,细胞超微结构及功能保持完好。不同干燥方法和不同干燥剂的系列实验证实,生石灰的脱水效果并不亚于冰冻真空干燥法,且经济实用。     

莲子超氧物歧化酶的特性分析

比较了莲子、豇豆、绿豆、玉米、花生、菜心等6种植物种子的胚或胚轴超氧物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和热稳定性,其中莲子胚轴中SOD活性及耐热性最高。莲子胚轴粗提液中的SOD有Mn-SOD和Fe-SOD两种类型,而Fe-SOD耐高温。经100℃处理、硫酸铵沉淀、SephadexG-100凝胶过滤和DEAE-纤维素柱层析,获得纯化的耐热性强的超氧物歧化酶。纯化酶对KCN不敏感,活性受H     

Effect of carnitine administration on levels of lipid peroxides and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats

The effect of carnitine administration on levels of lipid peroxide and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase was studied in rats administered isoproterenol to induce myocardial infarction. Levels of fatty acid were lower in rats pretreated with carnitine at the peak period and given isoproterenol than the levels in isoproterenoltreated control rats. Lipid peroxides were decreased in the heart at peak infarction in carnitine-treated rats compared to the levels in isoproterenol-treated controls. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase showed no change in carnitine-treated animals given isoproterenol compared to those in normal control rats, while they decreased in animals treated with isoproterenol alone.     

Lipid peroxidation and some antioxidant enzymes in nasal polyp tissue

Nasal polyp (NP) is considered an inflammatory condition in nasal and paranasal sinus cavities and is frequently encountered in otolaryngology clinics. Although the pathophysiology of nasal polyps is poorly understood, it seems likely that the epithelium may play a critical role in the genesis of inflammatory nasal disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of free radicals and antioxidant enzymes in NP and compare these findings with concha bullosa (CB). NP and CB were obtained from 27 and 23 patients, respectively. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), xanthine oxidase (XO) total (enzymic plus non-enzymic) superoxide scavenger activity (TSSA), non-enzymic superoxide scavenger activity (NSSA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and MDA levels in NP and CB were measured. GSH-Px activiy was significantly lower in patients with NP than in the CB group. However, CAT, XO activities and MDA levels were significantly higher in patients with NP than in the CB group, but TSSA, NSSA and SOD activities were unchanged. Increases in the levels of tissue MDA in patients with NP compared to the CB group may indicate the presence of free radical damage in patients with nasal NP.     

Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase in the Cells of Strictly Anaerobic Microorganisms

Strictly anaerobic microorganisms relating to various physiological groups were screened for catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. All of the investigated anaerobes possessed SOD activity, necessary for protection against toxic products of oxygen reduction. High specific activities of SOD were found in Acetobacterium woodii and Acetobacterium wieringae. Most of the investigated clostridia and acetogens were catalase-negative. A significant activity of catalase was found in Thermohydrogenium kirishiense, in representatives of the genus Desulfotomaculum, and in several methanogens. Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus had an exceptionally high catalase activity after growth in medium supplemented with hemin. Hemin also produced a strong positive effect on the catalase activity in many other anaerobic microorganisms. In methanogens, the activities of the enzymes of antioxidant defense varied in wide ranges depending on the stage of growth and the energy source.     

大豆油体与EGF融合基因的克隆及其在红花种子中的表达

目的：旨在建立一种在红花油体中表达EGF的转基因植物的方法。方法：通过PCR技术把大豆油体基因（DDoil）与EGF构建成融合基因,克隆至植物表达载体pCAMBIA1390R中,构建成植物表达载体p1390Do-EGF,然后转化进农杆菌 LBA4404 中用于侵染红花外植体,通过甘露糖筛选培养基培养可获得红花转化苗。通过PCR、实时荧光相对定量RT-PCR、SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析目的基因的表达情况,通过MTT法检测EGF的促细胞增殖活性。结果：PCR结果显示,红花叶片中能检测到EGF基因;实时荧光相对定量RT-PCR结果显示,在红花种子中EGF能成功实现转录;SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测证明,在转基因红花种子中能有效表达出EGF,并具有其原有的免疫原性,MTT法实验结果表明EGF具有促进balb/c 3T3细胞增殖的生物活性。结论：大豆油体和EGF融合基因已经成功转化进红花细胞的基因组中,并实现了EGF外源蛋白在红花种子油体中的表达,为EGF蛋白的产业化生产探讨了一种新的生产途径。     

Hepatic response to the oxidative stress induced by E. coli endotoxin: Glutathione as an index of the acute phase during the endotoxic shock

Reactive oxygen species are important mediators of cellular damage during endotoxic shock. In order to investigate the hepatic response to the oxidative stress induced by endotoxin, hepatic and plasma glutathione (total, GSH and GSSG), GSSG/GSH ratio as well as Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were determined during the acute and recovery phases of reversible endotoxic shock in the rat. A significant increase in liver and plasma total glutathione content was observed 5 h after endotoxin treatment (acute phase), followed by a diminution of these parameters below control values at 48 h (recovery phase). The significant increases of GSSG levels and GSSG/GSH ratio are indicative of oxidative stress occurring during the acute phase. Liver Mn-SOD activity showed a similar time dependency as the GSSG/GSH ratio; however, a marked decrease in the liver catalase activity was observed during the process. These results indicate the participation of liver glutathione in the response to endotoxin and the possible use of plasma glutathione levels and GSSG/GSH ratio as indicators of the acute phase during the endotoxic process. (Mol Cell Biochem 159: 115-121, 1996)     

Herbicide Induced Oxidative Stress in Lettuce, Beans, Pea Seeds and Leaves

The effects of different paraquat, alachlor and metolachlor concentrations on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities and pigment contents in lettuce, bean and pea seeds and leaves were studied. Under paraquat (1.0 and 2.0 M) treatment declined SOD and CAT activities were observed in seeds and undetectable ativity of GPX. Germination of all investigated seeds was completely inhibited. All used concentrations of alachlor and metolachlor inhibited antioxidant enzyme activities in seeds but did not prevent germination and growth. In leaves, lower concentrations of these herbicides increased activities of antioxidant enzymes but at the highest herbicide concentrations (200 M) activities of investigated enzymes declined. The pigment contents the leaves decreased due to alachlor and metolachlor treatment in a concentration dependent manner.