Effects of vagotomy and increased blood pressure on the incidence of decompression-induced pulmonary hemorrhage

Sixty eight male rats were divided into four groups. They were rapidly decompressed from one atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) to an ambient pressure of 30 mmHg in 0.4 s. It was found that about half of the control animals (47%) revealed mild pulmonary hemorrhage, while all of the cervical vagotomized rats (100%) showed mild to severe pulmonary hemorrhage. Besides, 16 of 17 epinephrine injected rats (94%) and 15 of 17 carotid arteries occluded rats (88%) also exhibited decompression-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. The differences between control and experimental groups were statistically significant. The results suggest that during rapid decompression, the overexpansion of the alveoli accompanied by an increased pressure in the pulmonary vessels may be responsible for the production of pulmonary hemorrhage.     

Cardiac function following prolonged exercise: influence of age

This study sought to determine the influence of age on the left ventricular (LV) response to prolonged exercise (PE; 150 min). LV systolic and diastolic performance was assessed using echocardiography (ECHO) before (pre) and 60 min following (post) exercise performed at 80% maximal aerobic power in young (28 ± 4.5 years; n = 18; mean ± SD) and middle-aged (52 ± 3.9 years; n = 18) participants. LV performance was assessed using two-dimensional ECHO, including speckle-tracking imaging, to determine LV strain (LV S) and LV S rate (LV SR), in addition to Doppler measures of diastolic function. We observed a postexercise elevation in LV S (young: -19.5 ± 2.1% vs. -21.6 ± 2.1%; middle-aged: -19.9 ± 2.3% vs. -20.8 ± 2.1%; P < 0.05) and LV SR (young: -1.19 ± 0.1 vs. -1.37 ± 0.2; middle-aged: -1.20 ± 0.2 vs. -1.38 ± 0.2; P < 0.05) during recovery in both groups. Diastolic function was reduced during recovery, including the LV SR ratio of early-to-late atrial diastolic filling (SR(e/a)), in young (2.35 ± 0.7 vs. 1.89 ± 0.5; P < 0.01) and middle-aged (1.51 ± 0.5 vs. 1.05 ± 0.2; P < 0.01) participants, as were conventional indices including the E/A ratio. Dobutamine stress ECHO revealed a postexercise depression in LV S in response to increasing dobutamine dose, which was similar in both young (pre-exercise dobutamine 0 vs. 20 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1): -19.5 ± 2.1 vs. -27.2 ± 2.2%; postexercise dobutamine 0 vs. 20 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1): -21.6 ± 2.1 vs. -23.7 ± 2.2%; P < 0.05) and middle-aged participants (pre: -19.9 ± 2.3 vs. -25.3 ± 2.7%; post: -20.8 ± 2.1 vs. -23.5 ± 2.7; P < 0.05). This was despite higher noradrenaline concentrations immediately postexercise in the middle-aged participants compared with young (4.26 ± 2.7 nmol/L vs. 3.00 ± 1.4 nmol/L; P = 0.12). These data indicate that LV dysfunction is observed following PE and that advancing age does not increase the magnitude of this response.     

The influence of culture medium composition on the incidence of chromosomal breakage

Summary In patients with chromosomal instability and in healthy subjects, significant differences were observed in the chromosomal breakage incidence in simultaneous lymphocyte cultures set up with TC Medium 199, Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium, or RPMI 1629. The importance of the choice of culture medium for mutagenicity testing and studied of so-called spontaneous breakage is shown. Cultures incubated with TC Medium 199 showed the highest chromosomal breakage incidence.     

Modifications of serum glycoproteins the days following a prolonged physical exercise and the influence of physical training.

Eight male subjects (mean age 24.1 +/- 2.6 years) performed at intervals of 2 weeks successively a 3 h and two 2 h runs of different running speed. The days following the running there were moderate elevations of C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, coeruloplasmin, transferrin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and plasminogen. There were small or no changes of albumin, alpha-2-macroglobulin and hemopexin. The elevations of the "acute phase reactants" were examined in three male subjects following a 2 h run before and after an endurance training period of 9 weeks. This demonstrated a decreased acute phase response after training as illustrated by the changes of C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein in spite of higher posttraining running speeds. Well-trained athletes have elevated levels of the serum protease inhibitors alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin and C1-inhibitor. These antiproteolytic glycoproteins might limit exercise-induced inflammatory reactions.     

护理干预对脑出血并发症发生率的影响

目的探讨护理干预对脑出血并发症发生率的影响。方法选取2013年1月~2015年6月在我院治疗的脑出血患者82例作为研究对象,随机分为观察组41例和对照组41例,观察组实施有目的、有计划的综合性护理干预,对照组给予常规护理,比较两组患者的并发症发生率及护理满意度情况。结果两组患者的并发症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的护理满意度比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论实施高效合理的护理干预对脑出血患者的病情康复有辅助作用,能有效降低并发症发生率,提高患者对护理工作的满意度。     

The influence of a graft-versus-host reaction on the incidence of metastases after tumor transplantation

The effect of a graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) on tumor growth is described. The tumor system used was the 3LL carcinoma, which metastasizes spontaneously after its subcutaneous inoculation. Four biweekly transfers of parental lymphoid cells into young adult (C3H × C57BL/6)F₁ mice induced a mild GVHR, manifested by splenomegaly but unaccompanied by symptoms of runting. The weight of the primary tumors and the incidence of lung metastases were both lower in such mice as compared to controls. The possibility that this anti-tumor phenomenon was due to some immunological mechanism was investigated. Indeed, we found that immune spleen cells which enhanced tumor growth when transferred into a syngeneic host were eliminated as a consequence of the GVHR.