An affinity ligand for phospholipase A2 purification

An alkyl ether analog of phosphatidylcholine was synthesized and used as a ligand to purify acid-extracted phospholipase A₂ from bovine ileum smooth muscle by affinity chromatography in the presence of cholate. This ligand contains a primary amino group at the ω-position of the acyl chain in position 1 and so permits direct covalent coupling with the ester group of Affi-Gel-10. An endogenous membrane bound phospholipase A₂ has been purified 32-fold in a good yield (70%) employing this ligand in an affinity chromatography step.     

Medium format enhancement: design of an immobilized heparin affinity media for industrial bioprocessing

Affinity chromatography is one of the most powerful and selective separation methods available. Recently, affinity methods are being incorporated into industrial processes with some frequency. One of the reasons for this is that affinity media robust enough for industrial bioprocessing are now available. By robust is meant that the media meet stringent requirements for cleanability, sanitization, physical and chemical stability, regulatory and technical support, batch-to-batch reproducibility and reliability of supply. This paper describes a medium format enhancement program to adapt a widely known group-specific affinity medium, Heparin Sepharose( CL6B, to the requirements for industrial bioprocessing. The new medium, Heparin Sepharose( 6 Fast Flow was designed for the recovery of antithrombin 3 (AT3) at industrial scale. The medium is based upon a highly cross-linked 6% agarose, which is produced in very large scale and is familiar to regulatory agencies. The ligand, heparin, is attached to the matrix by a reductive amination chemistry. The resulting linkage is stable in 0.1 N NaOH for 150 h, showing no decrease in AT3 binding affinity at that time. Heparin has a broad biological functionality and thus is useful chromatographically for the purification of a number of proteins which have an affinity for heparin. Heparin, as a complex sugar, is also a highly charged polyanion and thus has interesting ion-exchange properties. Because of its broad applicability to a number of purification problems, immobilized heparin is a useful case study in medium format enhancement. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

High-performance liquid affinity chromatography on silica-bound alcohol dehydrogenase

Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase was immobilized on glycerylpropyl-silica (10 micron, 1000-A pores) activated with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride (tresyl chloride). The coupling and activity yield was almost 100%. The coenzyme-binding sites were equivalent and virtually unaffected by the immobilization process, as judged from Scatchard plots and active-site titrations. The silica-bound enzyme, packed in steel columns, was integrated with HPLC equipment and then successfully used for chromatography of adenine nucleosides, adenine nucleotides, and triazine dyes. Dissociation constants were calculated from chromatographic data and found to correspond well with literature values. The dissociation constants for a number of nucleotide derivatives with potential application in affinity chromatography were also determined. The spaces were found to affect the binding strength of the nucleotides in a qualitatively predictable way. Theoretical plate heights were calculated and found to be in the range 0.01 to 0.1 cm. Attempts to correlate peak widths with the rate constants for the binary complexes involved were only partially successful.     

Optimized operating parameters for the displacement separation of biomolecules in immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography

The ideal immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) model was employed to investigate the effect of operating parameters change on the displacement separation of biomolecules. By combining a lower initial mobile phase modifier (MPM) concentration and a higher final MPM concentration, the displacement chromatographic separation produced both higher concentration of feeds and better throughput in IMAC displacement separating systems.     

固定化金属螯合亲和膜纯化重组抗菌肽研究

用自行制备的固定化金属螯合亲和膜对N端含六个组氨酸标记的重组抗菌肽进行了分离纯化,并较好地解决了金属离子泄露问题.实验表明,固定化金属螯合亲和膜性能优于传统琼脂糖凝胶介质,完全适用于分离纯化含有多组氨酸标记的重组蛋白质.     

Somatostatin 1-28 circulates in human plasma

The gel filtration profile of immunoreactive somatostatin in human plasma in the fasting state is not well established as a consequence of insufficient sensitivity of the combined chromatography and radioimmunoassay procedures usually employed. We here report the gel filtration profiles of plasma samples after somatostatin concentration by batchwise immunoaffinity chromatography. The results clearly and reliably document the presence of a circulating peptide in human plasma with a gel permeation chromatography profile identical to the one of synthetic somatostatin 1-28. Approximately 46% of the total somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in plasma is due to this component.     

Purification of glutathione reductase from gerbil liver in two steps

A new method for the isolation of glutathione reductase which successively utilizes chromatography on 2'-5'-ADP-Sepharose 4B and DEAE-Sepharose CL 6B, is described. With these two steps, it was possible to purify to homogeneity the glutathione reductase from gerbil liver. Some molecular properties of the purified enzyme are reported.     

Affinity chromatography of neoglycoproteins

Glycoproteins, as a class of biomolecules, exhibit much more heterogeneous structures than non-glycosylated proteins. They present a challenging area of research. Model glycoproteins with well-defined protein and carbohydrate structures are helpful in the search for high-resolution methods for the separation of glycoproteins. Neoglycoproteins, maltose-modified chymotrypsin and lactose-modified chymotrypsin, were synthesised by modifying chymotrypsin with maltose and lactose, respectively, using the reductive amination method. Boronate chromatography was applied to isolate the neoglycoproteins from non-glycosylated substances. The use of Tris–HCl as a shielding reagent during the boronate chromatography proved to be efficient in eliminating unwanted interactions between the boronate ligand and the peptide backbone of chymotrypsin. The retention time of neoglycoproteins on the boronate column was increased with increasing the degree of modification.     

Alteration of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases in pancreatic carcinoma

The activities of three N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases ( GnT III, GnT IV and GnT V ) were determined in 10 samples of pancreatic carcinoma (PCa) and compared with those in 9 samples of normal pancreatic tissue (NP). It was found that the specific activities of GnT III , GnT IV and GnT V increased in all of the PCa samples. GnT III increased most significantly, up to 22.3 fold of normal, GnT IV was elevated 12.3 fold, while GnT V increased only 2.4 fold. The elevation of GnTs in pancreatic carcinoma was consistent with the increase in the number of antenna and bisecting GlcNAc structures in N-glycans of pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase) as assessed by Con A affinity chromatography. Polycytidylate specific RNase from the serum of PCa patients showed the same structural changes as that found in in N-glycans of the RNase from PCa tissue.     

Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Three New Insecticidal Cyclodepsipeptides,Destruxins C and D and Desmethyldestruxin B,Produced by Metarrhizium anisopliae

A multi-channel continuous-flow analyzer equipped with biosensing devices was developed for multi-component measurement and its use in automating routine analysis was evaluated.

Biosensing was achieved by the aid of an immobilized enzyme reactor installed in the channel, and the channel switching process for the sensing of a different compound was made by using a column-switching rotary valve. Another rotary valve was used for auto-sampling. Both of the two rotary valves were interfaced to a system controller and work conjugatively in a programmed manner. Signal subtraction between different channels was found to be more precise compared with the multi-channel flow-injection analysis method, which is of merit for an analysis utilizing enzyme relay reaction (as for sucrose analysis) or for background signal subtraction. Glucose, lactate, and sucrose content in real samples were measured automatically with high reproducibility, and the results agree well with the kit method.     

Development of phage biopanning strategies to identify affinity peptide ligands for kappa light chain Fab fragments

In this work, two phage biopanning strategies were developed to identify affinity peptides for a single Fab and multiple kappa Fabs. For the biopanning rounds, protein L beads were employed to bind Fab targets in a fixed orientation, and NHS functionalized magnetic beads were used to facilitate evaluation of low pH elution conditions. The resulting peptide sequences were synthesized and the binding to different Fabs was evaluated using fluorescence polarization. The first biopanning approach yielded a peptide with similar affinities for two forms of the Fab (recombinantly expressed and post papain-digestion) as well as the intact antibody. While moderate affinity was observed toward a murine variant of the Fab with the same complementarity determining regions (CDR) region but different framework, minimal binding occurred to a Fab with high sequence homology but containing different CDR loops. The second biopanning strategy yielded a peptide with affinity for all three kappa Fabs indicating that it may be a good lead for the development of more general affinity reagents for recombinant kappa Fabs. Finally, an affinity peptide column was developed, and its efficacy was demonstrated for Fab purification from a complex cell culture fluid mixture. The results presented in this article demonstrate that different peptide-based phage biopanning strategies can be effectively employed to identify affinity peptide leads for specific Fab and more general kappa Fab purifications.     

Preparative affinity electrophoresis: application to human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase

A modification of affinity electrophoresis for preparative purposes is described. This method has been applied to the purification of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrases B and C. During conventional affinity chromatography some hemoglobin contamination occurs. By introduction of an electrophoretic purification step after the immobilization of carbonic anhydrase to the affinity gel, the hemoglobin impurity is reduced about eight and two times in the preparations of the B and C enzymes, respectively, compared to the enzymes purified by affinity chromatography.     

Purification of human liver glycoprotein sialyltransferase by affinity chromatography

A simple procedure has been developed for purifying solubilized human liver glycoprotein sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.1) 16 000-fold in 4–5% yield. The procedure involves two centrifugation steps, affinity chromatography of the ultrasupernatant fluid on cytidine diphosphate-hexanolamine-agarose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated that the purified sialyltransferase preparation contains approximately equivalent amounts of three protein bands (with apparent molecular weights of 61 000, 63 000 and 70 000) and is highly purified if not homogeneous.     

从人脐带血中分离纯化血纤溶酶原

以人血清为原料 ,利用纤溶酶原对L型赖氨酸的高亲和性制备了Lysine -Sepharose4B和Lysine -Agarose ,以亲和层析法从人血浆中提取和纯化血纤溶酶原 (plasminogen ,PGn)。利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对其纯度和分子量进行分析 ,结果表明纯化得到的为 92kDa的单一组分的人血纤溶酶原。这种纯化方法的建立为进一步大量制备血管生成抑制素 (angiostatin)奠定了基础。     

牛生长激素结构不均一性的研究

本文报导用常规方法分离纯化的牛生长激素,在还原性SDS-11％聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中呈分子量很接近的两条主带(22KD,21.5KD)。用单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体亲和层析技术分析了不同分子量形式的牛生长激素的转化,结果表明:牛生长激素可能在pH5.5条件下转化为21.5KD分子,在pH8.3条件下则转化18KD分子。这几种形式的牛生长激素均保留与抗体的结合力,但亲和力不尽相同,如在亲和层析的洗脱性质上存在差异。已检验分离并部分纯化了18KD分子以备作进一步的研究。     

The development of mitochondrial membrane affinity chromatography columns for the study of mitochondrial transmembrane proteins

Mitochondrial membrane fragments from U-87 MG (U87MG) and HEK-293 cells were successfully immobilized onto immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) chromatographic support and surface of activated open tubular (OT) silica capillary, resulting in mitochondrial membrane affinity chromatography (MMAC) columns. Translocator protein (TSPO), located in mitochondrial outer membrane as well as sulfonylurea and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) receptors, localized to the inner membrane, were characterized. Frontal displacement experiments with multiple concentrations of dipyridamole (DIPY) and PK-11195 were run on MMAC (U87MG) column, and the binding affinities (K_d) determined were 1.08 ± 0.49 and 0.0086 ± 0.0006 μM, respectively, consistent with previously reported values. Furthermore, binding affinities (K_i) for DIPY binding site were determined for TSPO ligands, PK-11195, mesoporphyrin IX, protoporphyrin IX, and rotenone. In addition, the relative ranking of these TSPO ligands based on single displacement studies using DIPY as marker on MMAC (U87MG) was consistent with the obtained K_i values. The immobilization of mitochondrial membrane fragments was also confirmed by confocal microscopy.     

人γ－精浆蛋白的亲和纯化及其糖基化分析

目的:从人精液中提纯γ-精浆蛋白并对其生物学特性进行鉴定。 方法:应用饱和硫酸铵法从小鼠腹水中纯化出抗γ-精浆蛋白的单克隆抗体E4B7,将其共价交联到CNBr-Sepharose4B上,制备成免疫亲和层析柱,用该层析柱亲和纯化经饱和硫酸铵粗提的精液标本。纯化产物分别用SDS-PAGE、Western-blot及ELISA进行生物学特性鉴定,最后经PNGase F、Endo-H酶消化后进行糖基化分析。结果:SDS-PAGE电泳表明纯化蛋白的相对分子量约为44KD,Western-blot及ELISA鉴定显示该蛋白可与抗γ-精浆蛋白的单抗E4B7特异性结合。对纯化蛋白无论是单用Endo-H酶消化,还是同时用Endo-H酶和PNGase F酶共同消化,消化产物电泳后相对分子量均降低到34KD左右,而单独用PNGase F酶消化后相对分子量没有改变。Western-blot及ELISA鉴定显示糖苷酶处理后的纯化蛋白仍可与单抗E4B7特异性结合。结论:成功纯化出N-糖基化形式的γ-精浆蛋白,这为下一步筛选人源化抗体奠定了纯的抗原基础。     

一种纯化蓖麻毒素的新方法

该文介绍了一种新的提取、纯化蓖麻毒素的方法,首次将P-苯胺基-1-巯基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷（P—aminobenzyl-1-thoi-β-D-galactopyranoside）琼脂糖凝胶作为亲和层析介质,结合凝胶层析介质Sephcaryl S-200,通过两步层析纯化,获得了高纯度的蓖麻毒素。MALDI—TOF测得分子量为62925,LD50为12．4μg／kg。该方法可以制备高纯度蓖麻毒素。