黄河口及其邻近水域夏季鱼类群落空间格局及其与环境因子的关系

基于2013年夏季(6、7、8月)在黄河口及其邻近水域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查,应用多元分析方法研究了黄河口水域夏季鱼类群落空间结构,以及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明: 该海域夏季共捕获鱼类44种,隶属于11目25科40属,以暖温性和底层鱼类为主.经聚类分析,该海域夏季各月鱼类群落可大体划分为3个站位组.经单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM),黄河口不同水域鱼类群落物种组成存在显著差异.相似性百分比分析表明,矛尾虾虎鱼、斑鰶、短吻红舌鳎、蓝点马鲛和日本鳀等是各月份各站位组的典型种及造成不同站位组间群落差异的主要分歧种.典范对应分析(CCA)表明,影响夏季鱼类群落空间结构的主要环境因子为盐度、温度和深度.     

闽江口主要渔获鱼类的生态位宽度与重叠

根据2015年闽江口4个季度月(1、5、8、11月)的渔业资源底拖网调查资料,通过相对重要性指数确定主要渔获鱼类,对主要渔获鱼类的生态位宽度、生态位重叠进行分析.结果表明: 4个航次总共渔获鱼类137种,隶属16目37科,以鲈形目、鲱形目、鲽形目和鲀形目等为主.主要渔获鱼类有15种,其中优势种6种,分别为六指马鲅、龙头鱼、白姑鱼、鹿斑仰口鲾、短舌鳎和凤鲚,其余9种为重要种.时空生态位宽度值达到1以上的种类有7种,从大到小依次为短舌鳎、棘头梅童鱼、鹿斑仰口鲾、六丝钝尾虾虎鱼、赤鼻棱鳀、凤鲚、龙头鱼.主要渔获鱼类的生态位变动在闽江口受季节变化的影响比较明显.闽江口主要渔获鱼类种对的时空生态位重叠达有意义水平的种对占比较高,达81.9%,其中重叠显著的有6个种对,说明闽江口主要渔获鱼类间在时空二维上的分布普遍相似,在资源利用上存在竞争关系.时空生态位重叠值最大的种对为日本绯鲤-沙带鱼,重叠值最小的种对为日本绯鲤-棘头梅童鱼,时空生态位重叠受季节变化的影响比较明显.     

Spatial and seasonal dynamics of fish assemblage along river Soan,Pakistan and its relationship with environmental conditions

This study aims to discuss the seasonal and spatial dynamics of fish assemblage of River Soan in relation with environmental changes. Survey was conducted during pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons in 2008. Physico chemical and biological samplings were carried out at 26 sites which were selected along the whole stretch of the river. High concentration of total phosphorous and conductivity, low pH and dissolved oxygen were measured at urban part of midstream zone whereas high concentration of total nitrogen was measured at downstream zone. A total of 22 species were collected during the survey among which Barilius pakistanicus, Puntius ticto, Crossocheilus diplochilus and Labeo dero were distributed throughout the river stretch. Maximum fish diversity was recorded at suburban part of midstream while its urban part was appeared to be the most species poor part of the Soan River. Herbivore individuals constituted the dominant trophic group of fish assemblage. Significant seasonal and spatial changes in fish assemblage were determined at river downstream. Upstream- downstream differences in fish assemblage were more pronounced during pre monsoon and seem to be related to thermal gradient and hydrological changes. Seasonal variations in fish assemblage were significant only at downstream zone and were influenced by velocity, floodplains and migration patterns in fish assemblage. Understanding of spatial and seasonal trends in fish assemblage in relation with their environment is of great importance for the management and conservation of fish assemblage. Findings of this study will be helpful in future attempts to restore and conserve the aquatic assemblages of Himalayan streams.     

Ecological effects of dams,alien fish,and physiochemical environmental factors on homogeneity/heterogeneity of fish community in four tributaries of the Pearl River in China

In this study, we aimed to characterize the fish community structure and identify the drivers contributing to homogenization/differentiation processes in four tributaries to the Pearl River, Guangxi Province, China, over the past few decades. We sampled 22 sites seasonally from 2013 through 2015, and these sites were selected based on archived records of previous sampling conducted in the 1980s. Jaccard's faunal similarity index, cluster analysis, and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were applied to describe the homogenization/differentiation of fish community and illustrate the potential effectors. The number of fish species present in three of the four sampled tributaries declined dramatically over the past 30 years, leading toward a trend of increased fish community homogeneity throughout the watershed. Results from multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses allowed us to divide the study area into two distinct ecoregions. Four species (yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, pond loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and sharpbelly Hemiculter leucisculus) were considered to be indicative fish species contributing more than 5% of the dissimilarity between the two eco‐regions according to the results of similarity percentage procedure. Results from CCA revealed that pH and latitude corresponded with the dominant fish species of each respective tributary. More specifically, CCA results allowed us to classify dominant fish species into three distinct groups. The first group was mainly located in Guijiang characterized by higher latitudes and lower pH values, the second group was widespread in the four tributaries, and the last group was primarily distributed in Yujiang, Youjiang, and Zuojiang characterized by lower latitudes and higher pH values. Spatial differentiation of fish community structure and temporal homogeneity of species composition were attributed to the joint actions of human interventions including construction of dams and introductions of exotic fish species that led to habitat degeneration and fragmentation, and unequal interspecies competitions.     

珠江口伶仃洋海域底层游泳动物的季节变化

珠江口伶仃洋海域是渔业资源的重要栖息地,近年来由于人类活动的加剧导致生态环境质量下降。为进一步了解栖息环境恶化对渔业资源的影响,于2009年8月至2010年4月采用底拖网在珠江口伶仃洋海域进行了游泳动物4个季节的调查。共鉴定游泳动物92种,其中鱼类54种,甲壳类32种和头足类6种。游泳动物种数夏季最高,为52种,春季最低,仅35种,春、夏季和冬、春季种类季节更替显著。优势种组成较为稳定,以日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)、黑斑口虾蛄(Oratosquilla kempi)和棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)为主要优势种,其中日本蟳为全年优势种,平均尾数密度占总密度的8.07%～26.22%。游泳动物资源密度和尾数密度季节变化趋势一致,均为夏季最高,秋季和春季次之,冬季最低。珠江口伶仃洋海域温度和盐度有明显的季节变化,夏季和秋季温度较高,盐度较低,冬季和春季温度较低,而盐度较高。温度是伶仃洋海域游泳动物种类和数量季节变化的主要因子。与历史资料比较,珠江口主要经济鱼、虾类出现小型化趋势。     

珠江河口的浮游细菌生态学研究进展

河口地区是海陆交互作用的集中地带,生态环境十分脆弱敏感,物质循环机制复杂,而浮游细菌(bacterioplankton)参与的生态过程是河口生态系统物质循环的重要环节。珠江河口是独特的典型亚热带河口。近年的研究表明,浮游细菌在珠江河口生态系统物质循环中占有重要地位,其生产力和丰度受噬菌原生动物(鞭毛虫)和病毒的控制,而且其生物量与浮游植物的数量具有显著的相关性。珠江河口的优势浮游细菌类群为变型菌门(Proteobacteria)和蓝藻菌(Cyanobacteria)等,浮游细菌丰度和群落结构变化主要受到盐度、温度、营养盐水平等因素的影响。珠江河口浮游细菌与地球物质循环功能鲜有报道,而且珠江河口生态系统中有机质的浮游细菌转化机制和生态学效应更是没有深入研究。基于此,本文全面综述了珠江河口浮游细菌种类组成、分布、生物量、地球物质循环及其环境影响因素等方面的研究进展,有助于系统性地揭示近海生态系统的特征;同时,本文作者还对珠江河口浮游细菌生态学研究今后值得关注的科学问题进行了探讨。     

Fish assemblage structure in an estuary of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot (southern Brazil)

We described the fish assemblage in the estuary of the Guaraguaçu River (one of the largest tributaries of the Paranaguá Bay Estuary, located within Brazil’s Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve) from June 2005 to May 2006, and assessed the seasonal and spatial effects of abiotic environmental attributes on the fish assemblage structure. Despite some oscillations in salinity, the upper and lower estuaries had year-round persistent oligohaline and polyhaline conditions, respectively. Despite high species richness (55 species), the Guaraguaçu River Estuary fish community contains a few dominant taxa; 11% of the richness accounts for >60% of its density and biomass. The most abundant species (in terms of both biomass and density) was Atherinella brasiliensis. Species whose densities were most strongly associated with the upper estuary were Centropomus parallelus, Ctenogobius schufeldti, Eucinostomus melanopterus, Platanichthys platana, Trinectes paulistanus, and Eugerres brasilianus. Those whose densities were most strongly associated with the lower estuary were A. brasiliensis, Sphoeroides greeleyi, Eucinostomus argenteus, Sphoeroides testudineus, Diapterus rhombeus, and Harengula clupeola. Throughout the year, canonical correspondence analysis identified: (1) the pattern of horizontal stratification of salinity along the river as being the most important variable for explaining most of the fish fauna structure; and (2) a strong relationship between the fish fauna and the salinity gradient along the estuary. Analysis of similarity further confirmed that each estuarine zone supports a year-round persistent and relatively homogeneous fish species assemblage. Total mean density and biomass remained constant over time in each estuarine habitat, but density shifted in the most abundant species, which appears related to recruitment patterns. Such species and abundance persistence likely occurs because seasonal rainfall-induced changes in river discharge are not sufficient to significantly shift runoff and salinity and thus fish assemblage structure (species composition, density and biomass) along the estuary. Such a lack of seasonal fish fauna movement as a response to changes in river flow contrasts with other estuarine systems around the world.     

黄河口潮间带大型底栖动物群落特征

2013年2月、5月和8月对黄河入海口附近潮间带的大型底栖动物进行了调查,调查工作涵盖3个季节2条断面的样品,分析了黄河口潮间带大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,包括群落种类组成、丰度和生物量、优势种、多样性,采用CLUSTER聚类分析了大型底栖动物的群落结构,并用AMBI和m-AMBI对底栖群落和环境质量进行了评估。本次调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物52种,其中,多毛纲动物24种,软体动物14种,甲壳动物12种,鱼类1种,纽虫1种。多毛纲动物为该海域底栖群落的主要成分,占据了群落总种数的46.15%。从季节来看,物种数春季最高(38种),夏季则处于最低水平(16种)。群落丰度和生物量均具有明显的季节变化,丰度在春季达到最高,为3 549.33 ind/m2,远高于冬季的256.67 ind/m2和夏季的100.67 ind/m2,其中扁玉螺(Neverita didyma)是丰度的主要贡献者,贡献了全年群落总丰度的75.44%。生物量春季最高,夏季次之,冬季最低。在全年尺度上,甲壳动物的日本大眼蟹(Macrophthalmusjaponicus)是生物量的主要贡献者,占据总生物量的49.86%。群落的季节变化也得到了群落CLUSTER分析与SIMPER分析结果的验证。这与黄河入海口附近底质不稳定,易受侵蚀、环境条件如盐度等具有明显季节差异,以及一定程度的人为扰动密切相关。AMBI和m-AMBI的分析结果显示,该区域环境质量状况较好,仅受到了轻微扰动影响。     

基于环境DNA宏条码和底拖网的珠江河口鱼类多样性

文章采用环境DNA宏条码和底拖网对珠江河口鱼类多样性进行了研究, 并对两种方法进行了比较。利用环境DNA宏条码检测到了175种鱼类, 而利用底拖网采集到了47种鱼类, 结合两种方法共检测出179种鱼类, 隶属于15 目63科128属。其中两种方法共同识别了鱼类43种, 占总检测物种的24.02%, 基于底拖网的调查未能收集到基于环境DNA宏条码检测到的大多数物种。根据Shannon指数和Simpson指数显示, DNA宏条码所检测珠江河口鱼类群落α多样性显著高于底拖网方法(P<0.05)。两种方法的PCoA结果均显示珠江河口鱼类群落存在空间结构, 基于环境DNA宏条码的分析显示空间重叠更多。两种方法基于冗余分析均显示溶解氧和盐度是影响鱼类群落结构的主要环境因子。研究表明, 环境DNA 宏条形码是一种环保且可靠的评估方法, 将其搭载到现有调查可以更好地了解河口鱼类多样性。     

The role of environmental and spatial processes in structuring native and non‐native fish communities across thousands of lakes

Quantifying the role of spatial patterns is an important goal in ecology to further understand patterns of community composition. We quantified the relative role of environmental conditions and regional spatial patterns that could be produced by environmental filtering and dispersal limitation on fish community composition for thousands of lakes. A database was assembled on fish community composition, lake morphology, water quality, climatic conditions, and hydrological connectivity for 9885 lakes in Ontario, Canada. We utilized a variation partitioning approach in conjunction with Moran's Eigenvector Maps (MEM) and Asymmetric Eigenvector Maps (AEM) to model spatial patterns that could be produced by human‐mediated and natural modes of dispersal. Across 9885 lakes and 100 fish species, environmental factors and spatial structure explained approximately 19% of the variation in fish community composition. Examining the proportional role of spatial structure and environmental conditions revealed that as much as 90% of the explained variation in native species assemblage composition is governed by environmental conditions. Conversely on average, 67% of the explained variation in non‐native assemblage composition can be related to human‐mediated dispersal. This study highlights the importance of including spatial structure and environmental conditions when explaining patterns of community composition to better discriminate between the ecological processes that underlie biogeographical patterns of communities composed of native and non‐native fish species.     

Native bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix populations in the Pearl River are threatened by Yangtze River introductions as revealed by mitochondrial DNA

Bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix have been two economically important aquaculture species in China for centuries. In the past decades, bighead and silver carp have been introduced from the Yangtze River to many river systems in China, including the Pearl River, in annual, large-scale, stocking activities to enhance wild fisheries. Nonetheless, few studies have assessed the ecological or genetic impacts of such introductions on native conspecific fish populations. An mtDNA D-loop segment of 978 bp from 213 bighead carp samples from 9 populations and a 975 bp segment from 204 silver carp samples from 10 populations were obtained to evaluate genetic diversity and population integrity. Results from a haplotype network analysis revealed that most haplotypes of the Pearl River clustered with those of Yangtze River origin and only a small proportion were distinct, suggesting that both the native Pearl River bighead and silver carp populations are currently dominated by genetic material from the Yangtze River. The genetic diversity of Pearl River populations is high in both species because of this inter-population gene flow, but the diversity of native Pearl River populations is low. To preserve the native genetic diversity, stocking of non-native fingerlings should cease immediately and native Pearl River bighead and silver carp fish farms should be established. This research demonstrates the danger to native biodiversity across China because of the substantial, ongoing stock-enhancement activities without prior genetic assessment.     

Eight decades of sampling reveal a contemporary novel fish assemblage in coastal nursery habitats

In order to adequately monitor biodiversity trends through time and their responses to natural or anthropogenic impacts, researchers require long time series that are often unavailable. This general lack of datasets that are several decades or longer makes establishing a background or baseline of diversity metrics difficult – especially when attempting to understand species composition changes against a backdrop of climate and ecological variability. Here, we present an analysis of a community of juvenile nearshore fishes based on nearly 8 decades of highly standardized Norwegian survey records. Using multivariate statistical techniques, we: (i) characterize the change in taxonomic community composition through time, (ii) determine whether there has been an increase in warm‐water affinity species relative to their cold water affinity counterparts, and (iii) characterize the temporal change in the species’ functional trait assemblage. Our results strongly indicate a shift toward a novel fish assemblage between the late 1990s and 2000s. The context of changes within the most recent two decades is in stark contrast to those during the 1960s and 1970s, but similar to those during the previous warm period during the 1930s and 1940s. This novel assemblage is tightly linked to the warming temperatures in the region portrayed by the increased presence of warm‐water species and a higher incidence of pelagic, planktivorous species. The results indicate a clear influence of ocean temperature on the region's juvenile fish community that points to climate‐mediated effects on the species assemblages of an important fish nursery area.     

广东沿岸海域鱼类群落排序

根据广东沿岸海域春秋两季底拖网鱼类采样数据,运用多维尺度转换分别对两季的鱼类样品进行排序。排序揭示出的鱼类群落格局及其季度差异与环境变异性密切相关。同处混合水区域的站位鱼类组成较为相似;分布在珠江冲淡水和外海高盐水区域的站位,鱼类组成则与多数沿岸站位有明显差异。春季沿岸海域鱼类组成有一东北－西南向的变化趋势,这一群落格局是由于该海域东北部受低温东海沿岸流影响所致;秋季珠江河口区受冲淡水的影响,而调     

珠江水系鱼类群落多样性空间分布格局

珠江是我国南方第一大河,是我国重要淡水渔业生产基地和水生生物资源基因库。珠江鱼类在维持生物多样性、提供鱼类种质资源方面举足轻重。但是到目前为止,关于其鱼类空间分布格局的研究甚少。特别是近几十年来各种水工建设和过度捕捞使得渔业资源急剧衰退,鱼类空间分布的研究显得尤为重要。2015年对珠江全流域13个站位进行了全面调查,共采集渔获物10119尾,隶属于94种72属17科。鲤科鱼类占显著优势,其次种类较多的依次为鲿科、鳅科。采用非度量多维标度排序(NMDS)方法对鱼类群落空间分布特征进行了分析,结果表明珠江鱼类被划分为3个类群,即以餐、南方拟餐、黄颡鱼等小型鱼类为主的中上游类群、以赤眼鳟、鲮鱼、广东鲂等中型鱼类为主的中下游类群和以罗非鱼为主的重要支流类群。同时发现中下游物种多样性高,上游及河口江段多样性低的格局。采用冗余分析方法(RDA)分析了鱼类多样性与环境因子的关系,发现年均气温、降雨量、年均径流量、河流宽度与透明度是珠江水系河流鱼类群落结构差异的主要影响因子,其中年均气温是影响鱼类群落分布的最关键因子之一。与历史资料对比后发现,珠江鱼类种类明显减少、空间分布也发生了巨大改变。研究是珠江水系野生渔业资源长期调查的一部分,研究结果将对渔业资源的多样性保护和可持续利用具有指导意义。     

1980—2007年大亚湾鱼类物种多样性、区系特征和数量变化

根据2004—2005年大亚湾海域底拖网鱼类调查数据,并结合1980—2007年的历史资料,分析了该海域鱼类的种类组成、区系特征、多样性、优势种和数量变化趋势.结果表明： 2004—2005年,大亚湾海域共记录鱼类107种,分属13目50科,以中下层鱼类的种类最多,为48种,其次是中上层和底层种类,分别为37种和21种.大亚湾鱼类区系具热带和亚热带特性,以暖水性种类占绝对优势,为97种,暖温性种类为10种.多样性指数以夏季最高（3.82）,其次是冬季（3.37）和秋季（3.00）,春季最低（2.40）.Pielou均匀度指数的季节变化情况与多样性指数相似.1980—2007年大亚湾海域鱼类群落特征发生了明显的变化：鱼类种类数减少,优势种更替明显.鱼类种类数由1980年的157种减少至1990年的110种,2004—2005年继续减少至107种;鱼类优势种由1980年以带鱼和银鲳等优质鱼为主,更替为以小型和低值的小沙丁鱼、小公鱼和二长棘鲷幼鱼为主.用包含年际变化趋势和季节性周期变化的回归模型模拟1980—2007大亚湾鱼类资源密度的变化,鱼类资源密度在1980—1999年和1990—2007年两个时期均呈下降趋势,但1990—2007年间下降幅度比1980—1999年间大;1980—1999年鱼类资源密度的季节波动幅度较平缓（振幅为0.099）,而1990—2007年的季节波动较大（振幅为0.420）,说明1990—2007年阶段大亚湾鱼类数量的季节变化更为显著.     

Seasonal variation in the composition of fish assemblages in small Amazonian forest streams: evidence for predictable changes

1. The effects of seasonal inundation on the biology of fishes on floodplains of large Amazonian rivers are well studied. However, the small seasonal changes in headwater streams are generally considered to have little effect on fish assemblages. 2. In this study, we analysed seasonal changes in the species composition and abundance of fish in small Amazonian forest streams. We sampled fish with hand and seine nets in headwater streams in a 10 000 ha terra‐firme forest reserve near Manaus, Brazil. Each stream was surveyed at the end of the 2005 dry season, at the beginning of the 2006 rainy season and at the beginning of the 2006 dry season, by means of a standardized sampling effort. 3. The numbers of individuals and species caught were higher in the dry season, but rarefaction analyses indicated that greater species numbers could have been due simply to the larger number of individuals caught. 4. Between the dry and rainy season, the direction of changes in species composition in multivariate space varied among sites, especially for quantitative (abundance) data. However, the observed variation among sites was the less than expected if the directions of change were random. 5. Fish assemblages in the second dry season were more similar to those in the previous dry season than expected if changes in species composition among seasons were random. This indicates that a general seasonal pattern in fish assemblages can be detected, despite the existence of some erratic site‐specific changes. 6. Most of the species that showed large seasonal variations in density occupy temporary ponds during the rainy season, when much of the valley is inundated and pond networks form adjacent to streams. Short‐duration lateral migrations to these ponds may play an important role in the seasonal fish‐assemblage dynamics in Amazonian headwater streams. 7. Our results contrast with previous studies on small Amazonian streams, which have found little seasonal change in fish assemblages, and highlight the importance of the abundance of common species as an indicator of general fish assemblage structure in biological monitoring programmes.     

新疆阿勒泰地区额尔齐斯河和乌伦古河流域鱼类多样性演变和流域健康评价

为了解阿勒泰地区额尔齐斯河和乌伦古河流域的鱼类多样性现状和历史演变, 本研究于2013-2016年间在该流域的鱼类多样性进行了连续调查, 并结合历史资料和标本, 以Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数分析评估了流域内鱼类的多样性水平和时空变化。该流域历史上分布有土著鱼类23种, 当前记录到19种, 流域内还有外来鱼类15种。阿勒泰鱼类的区系组成以鲤科种类为主, 其中特有和珍稀濒危物种占比高, 具有重要的保护价值。多样性指数计算结果显示, 2013-2016年鱼类多样性情况整体稳定, 额尔齐斯河鱼类物种数多于乌伦古河。研究还基于鱼类生物完整性指数(Fish Index of Biological Integrity, F-IBI)对34个采集点的河流健康状况进行了评价, 结果显示额尔齐斯河流域大多数调查点的健康状况处于“亚健康”或“一般”水平, 乌伦古河流域多数调查点的健康状况处于“健康”水平。水利工程、外来物种、过度捕捞是影响阿勒泰地区鱼类多样性的重要因素。未来应通过水利工程的联合调度、下泄合理生态流量、布设鱼类通道、规范养殖渔业、严控外来物种、本地土著鱼类的人工增殖放流, 以及合理的就地保护措施对阿勒泰地区的鱼类多样性加以保护, 提升水体健康程度。     

Fish assemblages of interior tidal marsh channels in relation to environmental variables in the upper San Francisco Estuary

Tidal marsh wetlands represent critical habitat for many estuarine fishes and are particularly important to conserving and restoring native and at-risk species. We describe the seasonal and regional variation in the composition and abundance of fishes in interior tidal marsh channels in the upper San Francisco Estuary (SFE), and relate these to variation in environmental conditions. Fish were sampled quarterly using modified fyke nets from October 2003 to June 2005 in 18 interior tidal marsh channels spanning 3 distinct river systems: Petaluma River, Napa River and West Delta. We collected 116 samples and 9452 individuals of 30 fish species. Four non-native species dominated—Mississippi silverside, western mosquitofish, yellowfin goby, and rainwater killifish—with an additional 13 species occurring commonly (represented equally by natives and non-natives, residents and transients). Large seasonal differences in composition and abundance of fishes occurred, with the lowest abundances in winter and spring and highest abundances in summer and fall. Correlation of ordination scores and environmental variables further supported the importance of season, as well as fish species’ status (native vs. non-native), feeding preference (pelagic vs. demersal), and marsh utilization (resident vs. transient), as factors influencing fish assemblage composition. The proximity of the marsh systems to freshwater and marine influences, which largely control salinity and temperature variation, explained 26% of the variation in fish composition, while channel geomorphology explained 22%. We recommend that both edge habitat (which may be beneficial to fish foraging success) and the extent of tidal connectivity (which allows access for fishes), in addition to location along the estuarine gradient, be considered in designing and managing tidal marsh restoration.     

Imprint of monsoonal patterns on the fish assemblage in coastal waters of south‐east India: a case study

The composition, species richness and diversity of a coastal fish assemblage from the Kalpakkam coast of south‐east India are described along with temporal distribution patterns related to seasonal fluctuations in dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, chlorophyll‐a, phytoplankton and zooplankton species richness and density. A total of 244 fish species belonging to 21 orders, 87 families and 163 genera were recorded. The fish assemblage was dominated by reef‐associated species, followed by demersal species. The majority of the species (63%) are widely distributed in the western Indo‐Pacific as well as in the central Indo‐Pacific. Jaccard's coefficient analysis showed three distinct seasonal patterns of fish occurrence: pre‐monsoon (PrM), monsoon (M) and post‐monsoon (PoM). The maximum number of species was during the PrM period, followed by the PoM and M periods. Species occurrence analysis showed Sardinella longiceps to be dominant during PrM and M periods, Leiognathus dussumieri during the M period and Secutor insidiator and Secutor ruconius during the M and PoM periods. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that salinity and rainfall were the two most influential environmental factors strongly correlated with temporal variation in the fish assemblage. The physico‐chemical conditions, in combination with factors such as greater food availability and shelter, might control the seasonal local distribution of the ichthyofauna in these Indian coastal waters.     

长江口无脊椎动物群聚特征及其与环境因子的关系

长江口及其邻近海域是连接河流和海洋的重要枢纽,但对该海域生物多样性和相关生态过程,尤其是无脊椎动物群落的了解仍然较少.本研究根据2014年2月、5月、8月和11月4个航次长江口及其邻近海域渔业资源综合调查数据,探讨该海域无脊椎动物群落时空分布特征及其群聚结构变化与环境因子的关系.结果表明: 2014年长江口及其邻近海域4个航次渔业资源调查共采集无脊椎动物35种,隶属于3门10目20科,以甲壳动物(19种)和软体动物(13种)的物种数最为丰富,资源优势种包括葛氏长臂虾、脊腹褐虾、细点圆趾蟹、中国毛虾、三疣梭子蟹和双斑蟳.2014年长江口无脊椎动物丰度和生物量分别为4518.96 kN·km^-2和173.09 kg·km^-2,春季最高,秋季最低.春季和冬季无脊椎动物多样性最高,夏季最低.长江口无脊椎动物各季节群聚结构存在显著差异,冬季、夏季和秋季以南部和北部的差异为主,春季则以近岸和远岸的差异为主.温度和溶解氧驱动无脊椎动物群落季节的时间变异,初级生产水平和营养要素驱动群落季节内的空间变异.