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1.
We studied regeneration patterns of three tree species Picea ajanensis, Betula platyphylla and Populus tremula from 1998 to 2000 in the Central Depression of the Kamchatka Peninsula. We paid special attention to the contribution of sprouting to their regeneration. P. ajanensis was the only species that regenerated by seedling. In a 40 × 40 m study plot, the density of P. ajanensis saplings < 2.0 cm in diameter at basal area (DBH) was 1132, and this was the highest among the three species studied. The number of saplings 2 cm in DBH declined sharply with size class. The spatial distribution of P. ajanensis saplings (< 2 cm in DBH) showed a significant positive correlation with that of adult trees and a negative correlation with that of gaps. These trends were not changed after re-measurement in 2000, although nearly half of the juveniles had died or been injured during the two years. These results suggest that small Picea saplings prefer habitats under the canopy of adult trees rather than in gaps for establishment. Most small individuals of B. platyphylla were produced from sprouts. The number of saplings in the smallest size class (< 2 cm in DBH) was much less than that of P. ajanensis, although the number of larger individuals did not decrease remarkably. The spatial distribution of B. platyphylla saplings showed a positive correlation with that of adult trunks and a negative correlation with that of canopy trees of P. ajanensis. These results suggest an effective contribution of sprouts to the regeneration of B. platyphylla. P. tremula was the only species that could invade big gaps and produce many root suckers efficiently. There were 181 suckers of P. tremula in the smallest size class (< 2 cm in DBH) in the study plot, although the number of saplings 2 cm in DBH declined abruptly. The spatial distribution of saplings of this species showed a slight positive correlation with that of gaps, and negative correlation with that of adult trees of B. platyphylla, P. ajanensis, and P. tremula. The root suckering strategy of P. tremula might be adaptive under severe conditions in high-latitude regions. Our data suggest, however, that it does not necessarily contribute to regeneration in mature forests. The three component species in this forest did not seem to utilize canopy gaps for regeneration; we suggest that gap dynamics do not work in this forest. The sparse canopy, which is a typical character of forests in high-latitude regions, might be a consequence of high mortalities of seedlings and root suckers inside gaps.  相似文献   

2.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Abstract. This paper describes patterns of below-ground components in grassland ecosystems. It provides estimates of the contribution of below-ground organs to the total phytomass of the community and of different species to the below-ground phytomass; it describes the distribution of above- and below- ground organs of different species and the spatial and temporal correlation between above-ground and below-ground phyto-mass – both total standing crop and net primary production. 10 Siberian grasslands (meadows and steppes) were investigated during 15 yr. Ca. 70 % of the living phytomass is located in the soil and no less than 70 % of the net primary production is allocated in below-ground organs. Phytomass distribution in the soil layer is more homogeneous than above-ground. For some species the spatial distribution within 1-m2 plots of the green and below-ground phytomass is similar, for others it is quantitatively or qualitatively different. According to the dominance-diversity curve, the above-ground size hierarchy is much stronger than the below-ground one. The active growth of above- and below-ground organs of a species may occur at different times of the season and it varies from year to year. Allocation of organic substances to rhizomes and roots occurs simultaneously and with proportional intensity.  相似文献   

3.
白桦的初始开花结实年龄在不同生境、不同起源情况下是有很大差别的。在相同地生境下,实生苗比萌生苗的始花年龄晚6a以上,中生生境的林分始花期要早于湿生生境的林分,在同一年中花期的早晚因林龄而异。花序构件种群、生殖技构件种群以及生殖枝花序数量都与树龄直接相关。花序构件数量壮年期〉老龄期〉结实初期。在同一生殖个体上,构件数量雄花序为中层〉上层〉下层,雌花序数量为土层〉中层〉下层,每个生殖枝平均的花序构件数  相似文献   

4.
白桦下胚轴再生系统的建立   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文对白桦下胚轴的再生系统作了研究。讨论了不同的基本培养基、激素组成、培养条件及外植体的生理年龄在不同阶段产生的效应。通过诱导、分化和生根阶段, 得到了再生植株, 提出了最适的基本培养基、激素组成、培养条件及下胚轴外植体的生理年龄, 为白桦的遗传转化奠定了基础。  相似文献   

5.
白桦花芽蛋白质双向电泳技术的建立   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:初步建立白桦花芽蛋白质组研究的双向电泳(2-DE)技术,以提高其分辨率及重复性。方法:以白桦花芽为实验材料,对关键环节如样品处理、上样量和染色方法等进行一系列优化。结果:蛋白上样量为50~60μg、银染剂中采用0.16%的AgNO3染色12min,即可获得蛋白点的形态规则、稳定性高、重复性好的2-DE图谱。结论:建立了适合多糖、醌类等次生代谢物质含量较多的白桦花芽蛋白提取方法,为开展白桦发育生物学研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

6.
以河南省白云山自然保护区温带落叶阔叶林5 hm2样地群落为研究对象,分析该样地木本植物的特征,同时利用点分布格局对样地内萌生能力较强的个体进行空间格局分析。结果显示:该样地内共有木本植物91种17 369株;发生萌生现象的有62种2082株,萌生物种占总物种数的68.13%,萌生个体占总个体数的11.99%。样地内所有发生萌生现象的木本植株个体胸径分布符合倒“J”字型,表明萌生现象多发生在植物生长发育的早期。重要值前12位的萌生物种发生萌生现象的植株个体胸径结构大致表现为4种类型,分别为倒“J”字型、双峰型、正态型和波动型,表明不同物种在不同生活史阶段萌生能力不同。点分布格局分析结果表明,样地内重要值前12位的萌生物种发生萌生现象的植株个体整体表现为小尺度聚集分布,大尺度随机分布或均匀分布。萌生更新在温带落叶阔叶林中普遍存在并呈不同的聚集分布格局。  相似文献   

7.
白桦胚珠发育及胚、胚乳发育关系的研究   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4  
刘雪梅  杨传平  耿峰 《植物研究》2005,25(3):322-326
以30年生白桦(Betula platyphylla)的雌花序为材料,研究了白桦有性生殖期间胚珠和胚乳的发育过程,以及胚和胚乳发育之间的关系。观察结果表明:白桦为合生心皮雌蕊,花柱2,子房室2,每室1~2个胚珠或无,中轴胎座,倒生胚珠,单层珠被,厚珠心发育;胚柄短小,由三个细胞构成;在历时4个月之久的雌配子体形成、胚胎发育直至成熟期间,胚珠经历了形态结构的变化和适应;在胚的发育过程中,胚乳起主要营养作用,胚乳发育类型为核型胚乳。最后对胚、胚乳发育的解剖结构及其相互关系以及影响种子质量的各环节进行了研究和讨论。  相似文献   

8.
转基因白桦的花粉活力及外源基因的遗传表达分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用荧光素二乙酸酯(FDA)染色比较分析转基因白桦花粉的活力的结果表明,转基因白桦的花粉活力均低于非转基因白桦。应用多重PCR和Northern杂交技术分析表明,转基因白桦花粉中有外源基因整合和转录表达。检测转基因白桦花粉中gus报告基因的活性,显示gus报告基因在花粉表达。  相似文献   

9.
东北地区白桦雌配子体的形成与胚胎发育研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以20年生白桦(Betula platyphylla)的雌花序为材料,研究了白桦的大孢子发生、雌配子体形成和胚胎发育过程.结果表明:1)大孢子母细胞经过减数分裂形成直线排列的4个大孢子,其中珠孔端的3个大孢子退化,合点端的大孢子进行3次有丝分裂,形成八核胚囊,8个核迅速细胞化,最终发育为成熟胚囊.胚囊发育类型为单孢子蓼型胚囊;2)胚的发育经过原胚、球形胚、心形胚和鱼雷胚等阶段发育为成熟胚;胚柄在球形胚时期最发达,但胚柄短小,只由3个扁平细胞组成,之后逐渐退化.本文同时对雌花的结构和发育特点在桦木科各属中的异同、白桦胚胎发生类型及胚胎发育进程的同步性进行了讨论.  相似文献   

10.
白桦种群的稳定性与火干扰关系的研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
邱扬  李湛东 《植物研究》1998,18(3):321-327
从种群生态学和干扰生态学的角度出发,在火史重建的基础上,采用种群世代划分的方法,研究了大兴安岭北部白桦群的稳定性与火干扰的关系,结果表明:白桦种群的耐火力与自我恢复力都较差,主要依靠很强的火后恢复力维持其稳定性,种群耐火力与长期火状况密切相关,表现为:低频类〈中频类〈高频类。高强类〈中强类〈低强类。火后恢复力与自我恢复力和最近一次火烧强度及距今时间密切相关,火后恢复力与自我恢复力都以低强类〉高强类  相似文献   

11.
陕北白桦个体生长过程的谐波分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用波谱分析方法中的谐波分析原理, 对陕北白桦个体生长过程进行了不同层次的分析。结果表明:白桦个体的树高、胸径和材积生长动态波动规律与Logistic 模型不完全相同, 树高在20 年后与Logistic 模型吻合, 胸径整个过程均不吻合, 但材积生长与Logistic 模型基本一致;应用波谱分析方法分析树木生长过程的动态规律, 比Logistic 模型更准确。  相似文献   

12.
尚洁  贾洪柏  王秋玉 《植物研究》2007,27(5):607-611
以东北地区5个天然白桦种群为研究对象,进行了木材的化学成分分析。结果表明:除1% NaOH抽出物、综纤维素、聚戊糖外,种群间化学成分含量差异都显著,并且各种群变异较大,这为白桦纸浆材种群间选择和种群内选择提供了可能。白桦天然种群间灰分与苯醇抽出物含量呈显著正相关,综纤维素与聚戊糖含量呈显著正相关。灰分和抽出物含量的变异与经度呈一定程度负相关,综纤维素和聚戊糖与纬度呈一定程度正相关,木素与纬度呈一定程度负相关。这表明,选择较高经纬度地区的白桦,可以降低灰分、抽出物、木素含量,提高综纤维素和聚戊糖含量。  相似文献   

13.
    
Abstract. We present results from repeated analyses (1962, 1993) of a permanent plot established in 1947, combined with retrospective stand age structure data, in an old Pinus sylvestris stand in Muddus National Park, northern Sweden. The study points towards a successional pathway governed by concurrent disturbance effects of climate variability, reindeer grazing and fire. This is intermediate to the two often advocated ideas on dynamics in boreal forests, that is, one of disturbance-related tree regeneration/mortality and one of continuous regeneration. When the plot was established in 1947 the tree layer (> 1.3 m) consisted of 300 individuals/ha of P. sylvestris and 62/ha of Betula pubescens. Subsequently the stand has become more dense and the species dominance has shifted. In 1993, 362 P. sylvestris and 62 Picea abies individuals were present per ha, while no Betula individuals were found. The number of dead trees increased from zero in 1947 to 200/ha (Pinus) in 1993. Pinus was also the most common species in the sapling layer (< 1.3 m) throughout the study period, though the number dropped from 8912/ha in 1947 to 51% in 1993. Dead saplings decreased from 2650/ha in 1947 to ca. 50% in 1962, and only 9% in 1993. Temporal variations in mortality and sapling mean height coincided with variations in snow depth, indicating a critical period in sapling development when saplings are exposed at the snow/atmosphere interface. The number of living Picea saplings increased slowly until 1993; no dead saplings were found. Most Pinus recruited shortly after the 1774-fire, and during the second half of the 1900s. The major part of the spruce regeneration took place during the later half of the 1900s. No successful Betula recruitment has occurred after the 1930s, and no live Betula were present in 1993, which might be explained as an effect of increased reindeer browsing – the reindeer stock has grown by 50% since 1961. Although subjected to high mortality, Pinus regenerated and maintained a seedling/sapling bank. In this way Pinus remained dominant in the tree layer after more than 200 post-fire years. The importance of the shade-tolerant Picea has slowly increased, while Betula has died off. Thus, even after 219 yr since fire there is an early successional trend in the stand. This suggests that an increased chronic disturbance (grazing/browsing by reindeer) has partly succeeded earlier discrete fire-disturbance events, and maintained a continuous seedbed favouring the shade-intolerant pine recruitment.  相似文献   

14.
杨蕴力  渠畅  王阳  刘桂丰  姜静 《植物研究》2022,42(1):104-111
PIN家族蛋白作为IAA的极性输出载体,在植物胚胎发育、器官发育和向性生长,尤其是植物叶序、叶脉的形成及维管组织分化过程中起关键作用。为了明确白桦(Betula platyphyllaBpPIN5基因对外源激素的应答特性,实验以白桦全基因组DNA为参考,克隆获得BpPIN5基因的上游1 447 bp启动子序列,采用PLACE在线软件对该序列含有的顺式作用元件进行预测,结果表明,BpPIN5启动子序列含有生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)、水杨酸(SA)、脱落酸(ABA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、乙烯(ET)等不同类型的生长素响应元件。实验构建了pro-BpPIN5::GUS载体进行白桦转基因,GUS组化染色分析显示,BpPIN5启动子在白桦叶裂顶端、细叶脉及根中有转录活性。分别用IAA、GA、MeJA、SA及ABA激素处理转基因白桦,结果显示,BpPIN5启动子对上述5种激素在白桦第1叶片的裂叶边缘、第2叶的叶柄及根组织部位均有应答,且响应变化基本一致。研究结果为揭示白桦BpPIN5基因功能提供参考。  相似文献   

15.
崔晓阳 《生态学杂志》1998,9(2):123-127
对红松、白桦的吸收空间和吸收N素的时间(季节)、数量、形态的研究表明,在混交情况下,白桦表现出较典型的浅根性特征,吸收根主要集中在土壤表层;红松则具有深根性趋势,其吸收根在下层土壤空间的分布明显增加.白桦吸收N素养分的季节比较集中,具有明显的峰期;而受白桦庇荫的红松则在整个生长季中一直比较平缓地吸收N素,峰期不甚明显.白桦对N的消耗量较大;而红松对N的消耗量则相对较小,N利用效率比白桦高34%.在对N素养分化学形态的偏向选择性方面,白桦较喜NO3--N,而红松则较偏好NH4+-N.  相似文献   

16.
    
Abstract. For the regeneration niche to contribute to the maintenance of species diversity interspecific differences in sensitivity of seedling recruitment to environmental conditions is assumed. We experimentally tested differences between meadow species for the response of seed germination to chilling, and sensitivity of seedling recruitment to microscale heterogeneity. We also compared the dynamics of seedling recruitment in gaps. Seed germination was tested in standard laboratory germination tests, comparing control seeds with seeds chilled at +4 °C, and at –14°C for one month. Species responses varied from significant increases in germinability after chilling (e.g. Cirsium palustre, Betonica officinalis, Angelica sylvestris) to significant decreases (e.g. Hieracium umbellatum, Succisa pratensis, Selinum carvifolia). In some species, chilling at + 4 °C has a similar effect to chilling at –14 °C, in others the effect of chilling at + 4°C was intermediate, and in some, there was no effect of chilling at + 4°C, but an effect of chilling at –14°C. Different chilling temperatures also affect timing and speed of seed germination under greenhouse conditions. The dynamics of seed germination under field conditions was studied by sowing seeds into artificially created gaps and following their germination, both where the seedlings were removed after emergence and where they were not removed. Species differ in their germination dynamics: they all start late April, but then differentiate from an abrupt maximum and early finish of germination (in the second half of May), to prolonged germination without a marked maximum. Seedling removal increased the total number of germinated seeds, with a marked density dependence at this stage. Seeds were also sown into plots with treatments (1) gaps, sod stripped, above-ground vegetation removed; (2) mown, moss layer removed; (3) mown; (4) untouched control. Seedling emergence was monitored for 3 yr. Seedling recruitment decreased from treatments (1) to (4), but sensitivity differed between species. With increasing seed weight, the difference between gaps and other treatments decreased. The results show that there are considerable differences in seedling recruitment sensitivity between species.  相似文献   

17.
红松,白桦的氮营养行为及其种间分异   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
对红松、白桦的吸收空间和吸收N素的时间 (季节 )、数量、形态的研究表明 ,在混交情况下 ,白桦表现出较典型的浅根性特征 ,吸收根主要集中在土壤表层 ;红松则具有深根性趋势 ,其吸收根在下层土壤空间的分布明显增加 .白桦吸收N素养分的季节比较集中 ,具有明显的峰期 ;而受白桦庇荫的红松则在整个生长季中一直比较平缓地吸收N素 ,峰期不甚明显 .白桦对N的消耗量较大 ;而红松对N的消耗量则相对较小 ,N利用效率比白桦高 34% .在对N素养分化学形态的偏向选择性方面 ,白桦较喜NO-3 N ,而红松则较偏好NH 4 N .  相似文献   

18.
川西亚高山白桦林穿透雨和茎流特征观测研究   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
观测了川西亚高山白桦次生林一个生长季节内的穿透雨和茎流的特征。结果表明 ,幂函数方程能较好地拟合林冠截留量、茎流量与总降雨量之间的关系 ,而线性方程能较好地拟合穿透雨量和总降雨量之间的关系 ;平均林冠截留量占总降雨量的 1 8 9% ,穿透雨量占总降雨量的 80 9% ,茎流量占总降雨量的 0 3%。  相似文献   

19.
作为碳素和养分循环的重要组分, 地表凋落物如何响应全球气候变化日益受到重视。中国北方半干旱地区森林草原过渡带斑块状分布的森林对气候变化引起的水热变化的响应较为敏感, 但是对这些森林地表处于不同分解阶段的凋落物的化学性质和储量的格局及其如何响应温度、降水变化的报道较少。该研究分析了内蒙古东部地区处于年平均气温和年降水量梯度上的12个天然白桦(Betula platyphylla)林不同凋落物层次(最上层的初步分解层L1, 中间的半分解层L2, 最下层的腐殖质层L3)的化学性质及现存量后发现: 1)随着分解的进行(即从L1到L3层), 氮、磷浓度显著增加, 可提取物浓度基本不变, 酸溶性组分(acid soluble fraction, AS)浓度下降, 酸不溶性组分(acid insoluble fraction, AIF)浓度增加。2)各元素现存量均在L3层最高, 表明凋落物分解缓慢, 养分积累。3)年平均气温和年降水量对凋落物有机组分(AS组分和AIF组分)的性质无显著影响, 但L3层元素储量随年平均气温升高而增加, 可能由于年平均气温较高的地点森林生产力更高, 从而导致叶凋落物量增加, 但由于受水分限制(尤其是在夏天), 这些地点的凋落物分解速率不变或更低, 使凋落物积累更为明显。上述结果表明: 腐殖质层是这些白桦林的一个重要的碳及养分库, 未来在降水没有明显变化的情况下, 这一区域的升温可能会增加白桦林地表凋落物储量。  相似文献   

20.
为了揭示白桦BpCUCt基因的功能,分别构建了BpCUC2启动子及35S启动子驱动的BpCUCt载体,以白桦合子胚为受体开展转基因工作,观察转基因株系表型变化,并测定转基因株系和WT的内源激素IAA含量。结果表明,对比转基因株系生长特性可知,转BpCUCt基因白桦株系比WT矮小,生长也比较缓慢,转基因株系节间距均变长,而ProCUC2::BpCUCt转基因株系叶片边缘比WT叶片平滑,35S::BpCUCt转基因株系叶边缘与野生型并无明显区别。由转基因白桦和WT的内源激素IAA含量可知,83.33%的转基因株系左侧叶片、右侧叶片及主脉IAA含量均显著高于WT株系。表明BpCUCt基因在一定程度上与BpCUC2基因表现出相同的功能,同时改变白桦内源生长素IAA的含量。  相似文献   

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